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PubMed2025

PAHG: the database of human multi-gene families.

BACKGROUND: In the early vertebrate history, gene duplications, including single-gene, segmental-gene (SSD), and whole-genome duplication (WGD), formed multigene families. Despite efforts to classify metazoan multigene families hierarchically for evolutionary insight, a gap exists in accessible, curated resources for human/vertebrate multigene families. RESULTS: Addressing this, we present the Phylogenomic Analysis of Human Genome (PAHG) database. It focuses on curated multigene families in the human genome, particularly within four paralogons: HOX-bearing (Hsa:2/7/12/17), FGFR-bearing (Hsa:4/5/8/10), MHC-bearing (Hsa:1/6/9/19), and chromosomes 1/2/8/20. CONCLUSION: The current PAHG version details the phylogenetic history of 221 human multigene families (1247 gene members) with 15,231 protein sequences from diverse metazoans. It provides insights into gene duplication timings, co-duplication events, and their relationships with human genome syntenic organization. The PAHG database addresses the lack of accessible resources, offering valuable information on human/vertebrate multigene family evolution. Access the PAHG database at: https://www.pahgncb.com/ and http://pahg.qau.edu.pk/ . This resource enriches our understanding of vertebrate genetic evolution.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

HPV as a Molecular Hacker: Computational Exploration of HPV-Driven Changes in Host Regulatory Networks.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV), particularly high-risk strains such as HPV16 and HPV18, is a leading cause of cervical cancer and a significant risk factor for several other epithelial malignancies. While the oncogenic mechanisms of viral proteins E6 and E7 are well characterized, the broader effects of HPV infection on host transcriptional regulation remain less clearly defined. This study explores the hypothesis that conserved genomic motifs within the HPV genome may act as molecular decoys, sequestering human transcription factors (TFs) and thereby disrupting normal gene regulation in host cells. Such interactions could contribute to oncogenesis by altering the transcriptional landscape and promoting malignant transformation.We conducted a computational analysis of the genomes of high-risk HPV types using MEME-ChIP for de novo motif discovery, followed by Tomtom for identifying matching human TFs. Protein-protein interactions among the predicted TFs were examined using STRING, and biological pathway enrichment was performed with Enrichr. The analysis identified conserved viral motifs with the potential to interact with host transcription factors (TFs), notably those from the FOX, HOX, and NFAT families, as well as various zinc finger proteins. Among these, SMARCA1, DUX4, and CDX1 were not previously associated with HPV-driven cell transformation. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed involvement in several key biological processes, including modulation of Wnt signaling pathways, transcriptional misregulation associated with cancer, and chromatin remodeling. These findings highlight the multifaceted strategies by which HPV may influence host cellular functions and contribute to pathogenesis. In this context, the study underscores the power of in silico approaches for elucidating viral-host interactions and reveals promising therapeutic targets in computationally predicted regulatory network changes.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

[8-Quinolinol-5-sulfonic acid-loaded resin as a preconcentrating agent in the neutron activation analysis of the chalcophile elements (author's transl)].

A chelating agent-loaded resin consisting of 8-quinolinol-5-sulfonic acid and an anion-exchange resin (HOx-resin) was prepared in order to concentrate trace chalcophile elements in natural water samples selectively before neutron activation analysis. The exchange capacity of the Diaion SA No. 100 for the reagent (1.8 meq . g-1 resin) corresponds approximately to that for chloride ion (1.83 meq . g-1 resin), indicating that 8-quinolinol-5-sulfonic acid is adsorbed quantitatively on the exchange site of the resin through the sulfonate anion in the reagent. The basic conditions for the adsorption of the metal ions on the resin were investigated by employing the column method. The nitrate concentration and the pH of the sample solution affect the adsorption behavior of metal ions. Several solutions containing metal ions with varying pH or varying nitrate concentration were applied to the resin column (35 mm x 7 mm phi) with a flow rate of 2.0 cm3 . min-1. As a result, the optimum conditions for the quantitative adsorption of copper(II), zinc(II), cadmium(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II) and manganese(II) were as follows: NO3- less than 0.01 mol . dm-3 pH greater than 4.6. Furthermore, the feasibility of the above conditions as well as quantitative adsorption of the chalcophile elements was confirmed through the neutron activation analysis of the synthesized metal solutions.

Activation Analysis↗
PubMed1977

[Aqueous chloride and bromine solutions as disinfectants: composition, redox potential, differences of reactivity (author's transl)].

A method is given to calculate the equilibrium concentrations of the molecules and ions emerging from the hydrolysis and dissociation of chlorine and bromine in aqueous soltuion. The differing influence the pH value and the initial (total) halogene concentration exerts to the HOX- and X2-equilibrium concentration is discussed. From the calculated equilibrium concentrations and tabulated standard reduction potentials the redox potentials of chlorine and bromine solutions at various pH values are calculated. No correlation between the reactivity and the redox potential of the two halogens was observed. Two possible explanations for the differing reactivity of chlorine and bromine against proteins are presented.

Bromine↗