Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Hemoglobin Level”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Prognostic implications of hemoglobin levels before and after surgery as well as before and after radiochemotherapy for head and neck tumors.

Several studies have shown that tumor cells may develop resistance to radiotherapy, proliferating under hypoxic conditions. Following surgery, patients may develop low hemoglobin levels, which may cause low oxygen conditions. This retrospective analysis was undertaken to determine the impact of low hemoglobin levels in patients with head and neck tumors treated with combined-modality therapy (surgery and postoperative radiochemotherapy). We studied 120 patients with mostly advanced head and neck tumors (88% stage III/IV) who had undergone macroscopically complete resections of their primary tumors and lymph node metastases. At 20-277 days after surgery (median: 51.3 days), these patients received postoperative chemoradiotherapy (56.7 Gy of radiation over 28-49 days and cisplatin 6 mg/m(2) body surface area on radiation treatment days with a cumulative dose of 96 mg/m(2)). Normal hemoglobin levels were considered to be 12 g/dl for females and 13 g/dl for males. Decreased hemoglobin levels before or after surgery and before or after chemoradiotherapy were correlated with the prognosis. Preoperatively, 99 of 114 patients (87%) had normal levels of hemoglobin compared with only 20 of 107 patients (19%) postoperatively. At the onset of radiochemotherapy, the hemoglobin levels of 82 of 116 patients (71%) were within the normal range. After radiochemotherapy, however, 62 of 114 patients (54%) had normal hemoglobin levels. Univariate analysis (Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test) showed that patients with decreased pre- or postoperative hemoglobin levels had significantly worse locoregional control ( P=0.032 and P=0.0001, respectively) and lower overall survival ( P=0.0013 and P=0.0002, respectively) than patients with normal hemoglobin levels. The 3-year locoregional control rates in patients with preoperative hemoglobin levels that were normal, were reduced by 1-2 g/dl or were reduced by more than 3 g/dl, respectively, were 78%, 55% and 50%. Correlated with normal and diminished postoperative hemoglobin levels, the 3-year locoregional control rates were 90%, 84% and 50%, respectively. There was no correlation between prognosis and hemoglobin level at the onset or after radiochemotherapy. On multivariate analysis, only the postoperative hemoglobin level remained a prognostic factor for locoregional control ( P=0.0241) and overall survival ( P=0.0080). We conclude that low postoperative hemoglobin levels resulting from blood loss may influence the efficacy of postoperative radiochemotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. Early intervention to raise the postoperative hemoglobin level may result in better tumor control and overall survival after combined-modality therapy.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is there an optimal hemoglobin level for patients with glioblastoma multiforme?

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between hemoglobin levels and survival for patients treated with radiation therapy for glioblastoma multiforme. METHODS/MATERIALS: Between 1992 and 2001, 89 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme were treated with a minimum of 50 Gy of radiation therapy. The primary study endpoint was overall survival. The independent variables analyzed included peak hemoglobin level, age, sex, extent of surgery, and duration of therapy. The peak hemoglobin level was the highest hemoglobin value obtained within 1 week before the initiation of radiation therapy or at some point during radiation therapy. The peak hemoglobinlevel was stratified into values of less than or equal and values greater than for each of the following hemoglobin values: 11.0, 11.5, 12.0, 12.5, 13.0, 13.5, and 14.0 g/dL. RESULTS: On univariate analysis, age (< or = 50 years of age) and surgical treatment (resection) were significant for increased survival at 1 year. When univariate analysis was performed on the stratification of the peak hemoglobin, levels greater than 11.0, 13.5, and 14.0 g/dL reached statistical significance for increased survival. Multivariate analysis was then performed on models composed of the hemoglobin levels that reached significance, and the other independent variables were investigated. In all models, both age and the peak hemoglobin level tested were prognostic for survival. However, for the hemoglobin level of 11.0 g/dL, an interaction was detected between hemoglobin and age. CONCLUSION: We found that increasing hemoglobin levels may have prognostic implications and could thus influence clinical outcome. We will be seeking to verify our results in larger cohorts.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Fetal hemoglobin levels in sudden infant death syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine and compare fetal hemoglobin levels from infants dying of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) with aged-matched control infants dying of other causes. Similar previous studies have reported both elevated and normal levels of fetal hemoglobin in whole blood samples from infants dying of SIDS. DESIGN: Triton-acid-urea gel electrophoresis and densitometry were used to determine fetal hemoglobin levels in postmortem whole blood samples from infants dying of SIDS and from appropriately age-matched control infants. Whole blood samples were analyzed blindly and matched for postgestational age. Infant ages at death ranged from birth to less than 1 year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fetal hemoglobin in whole blood from infants dying of SIDS and control infants. RESULTS: During the period of postnatal development most associated with SIDS cases (2 to 6 months after birth), fetal hemoglobin levels were found to be significantly elevated in postmortem whole blood samples from SIDS infants compared with gestational age-matched control infants dying of causes other than SIDS. CONCLUSION: We conclude that levels of fetal hemoglobin are elevated in postmortem whole blood of SIDS infants compared with controls. Furthermore, the apparent conflict in the literature regarding fetal hemoglobin levels in SIDS infants and controls is most likely due to variability in the control data of some studies.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1990

Placental lesions and maternal hemoglobin levels. A comparative investigation.

A high maternal hemoglobin level during pregnancy has been correlated to a low birth weight and a low placental weight, but has not been investigated in relation to placental factors. In 330 consecutive deliveries, placental lesions, birth weight and placental weight were studied in a multiple regression analysis in relation to maternal hemoglobin concentration, taking into consideration possible confounding factors such as smoking, hypertensive disorders, weight gain, primiparity, gestational age and sex. A high maternal hemoglobin concentration (greater than 130 g/l) was correlated with a low birth weight, acute infarcts and syncytial knots. Intervillous thrombosis was more common in non-smokers and multiparous women, increasing in incidence as gestational age advanced. Infarcts and microscopic perivillous fibrin were correlated with hypertension. Microscopic perivillous fibrin was slightly associated with a high hemoglobin level (greater than 130 g/l) in a bivariate analysis. These findings may indicate that a high maternal hemoglobin level impairs the uteroplacental circulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Hemoglobin levels in children from a biracial southern community.

Hemoglobin levels were determined for 4,081 children, ages 2 1/2-14 years, from a biracial southern community. Back children had lower levels of hemoglobin than white children at every age interval with a mean difference of 0.64 gm/dl. This diffence persisted even when comparing children from similar socioeconomic level households. If black children maintain lower hemoglobin levels consistent with optimum health than do white children, then different hemoglobin standards may be warranted for each race.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Preoperative hemoglobin levels and the need for transfusion after prosthetic hip and knee surgery: analysis of predictive factors.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have established a relationship between the preoperative hemoglobin level and the need for postoperative blood transfusion. We analyzed the relationship between preoperative hemoglobin levels, as well as other factors such as age, gender, weight, height, type and duration of the total joint replacement surgery, and the need for postoperative blood transfusion. METHODS: A retrospective study of 296 patients treated with 370 procedures (209 total hip arthroplasties [56.5%] and 161 total knee arthroplasties [43.5%]) from 1994 to 1998 was carried out. A univariate analysis was performed to establish the relationship between all independent variables and the need for postoperative transfusion. Variables that were determined to have a significant relationship were included in a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The univariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between the need for postoperative blood transfusion and preoperative hemoglobin levels (p = 0.0001), duration of surgery (p = 0.0001), weight (p = 0.002), height (p = 0.019), and gender (p = 0.0056). However, the multivariate analysis identified a significant relationship only between the need for transfusion and the preoperative hemoglobin level (p = 0.0001) and weight (p = 0.011); height (p = 0.776) and gender (p = 0.122) were discounted as significant factors. Patients with a preoperative hemoglobin level of <130 g/L had a four times greater risk of having a transfusion than did those with a hemoglobin level between 130 and 150 g/L and a 15.3 times greater risk than did those with a hemoglobin level of >150 g/L. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative hemoglobin level (p = 0.0001) and weight of the patient (p = 0.011) were shown to predict the need for blood transfusion after hip and knee replacement.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemoglobin levels and dietary iron in pubescent children in a biracial community.

Although differences in hemoglobin levels between blacks and whites may be due in part to genetic influences, low hemoglobin levels in black girls of childbearing age may nevertheless constitute a health hazard. To study this problem, hemoglobin levels were examined in children of a biracial community not only before but also during and after puberty and menarche. At the same time, 24-hour dietary recalls of a representative group of 13-year-olds in the same population were examined with respect to the intake of iron and nutrients influencing iron absorption. In black girls, hemoglobin levels dropped after menarche, accompanied by a diet marginal in iron and in iron-absorption-promoting nutrients. Questions as to hemoglobin levels compatible with optimum health remain, and racial differences and genetic influences on levels should not be an excuse for failure to address this problem. More investigational studies are also needed to observe responses to an optimum dietary iron intake.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Preradiotherapy hemoglobin level but not microvessel density predicts locoregional control and survival in laryngeal cancer treated with primary radical radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the roles of preradiotherapy hemoglobin level and microvessel density (MVD) as predictive factors for tumor control and survival in patients with laryngeal cancer treated with primary radiotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Two hundred and fourteen patients with stage I-IV laryngeal cancer were included in the analysis. Patients were treated with once daily fractionated radiotherapy over 6.5 weeks or twice daily fractionated radiotherapy over 4.5 weeks up to total doses of 62 to 68 Gy. Preradiotherapy hemoglobin levels were obtained from patient journals, and pretreatment tumor biopsies were stained with CD34 antibody for the counting of microvessels. The prognostic implication of preradiotherapy hemoglobin level and MVD on tumor control and survival was tested. RESULTS: Five-year locoregional control probability was 88.9% for patients with preradiotherapy hemoglobin levels >137.5 g/L (median) and 64.4% for patients with preradiotherapy hemoglobin levels <137.5 g/L (P = 0.01). The corresponding figures for disease-free survival were 87.8 and 62.8% (P = 0.007), respectively, and for overall survival 58.1 and 40.3% (P < 0.001), respectively. In multivariate analysis, tumor stage and preradiotherapy hemoglobin level were significant prognostic factors for locoregional control and disease-free survival, whereas tumor stage, preradiotherapy hemoglobin-level, gender, and age were significant prognostic factors for overall survival. No correlation was found between MVD and tumor control and survival. CONCLUSION: Preradiotherapy hemoglobin level, but not MVD, predicts locoregional control and survival in patients with laryngeal cancer treated with radiotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The relationship between patient knowledge of hemoglobin levels and health-related quality of life.

BACKGROUND: An anti-anemia drug may improve self-reported quality of life (QOL) partly because patients know their hemoglobin level is rising. In the absence of any published studies on this topic, the authors investigated the association between knowledge of hemoglobin levels and self-reported QOL. METHODS: The study analyzed health-related QOL (HRQOL) data from five randomized clinical trials of erythropoietic therapy in patients with cancer-related anemia. Patients were asked whether they knew their hemoglobin level and, if so, to report its value. Patients (n=1007) were grouped into three categories depending on the extent and accuracy of hemoglobin level knowledge. HRQOL scale scores were compared between categories. RESULTS: Only 23.2% of patients reported knowing their hemoglobin level at the end of the study; however, the value was accurate (within 1 g/dl) in 88.0% of these patients. On five of the 11 HRQOL scales studied, there was a significant association between knowledge of hemoglobin level and HRQOL score. However, the magnitude of the mean difference between those who knew vs. those who did not know their hemoglobin was generally below scale thresholds for minimally important differences. CONCLUSIONS: Patient knowledge of hemoglobin level has a modest association with some aspects of self-reported HRQOL. The magnitude of this association, where it exists, would be unlikely to explain large group differences in HRQOL reports over time, even for patients who know their hemoglobin level.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Pretreatment hemoglobin level influences local control and survival of T1-T2 squamous cell carcinomas of the glottic larynx.

PURPOSE: A number of reports have documented the relationship between pretreatment hemoglobin level and local control and/or survival in the treatment of cervix, bladder, and advanced head and neck tumors. Consideration of correcting anemia before initiation of radiation therapy may prove increasingly important as clinical trials use intensive induction chemotherapy in the treatment of head and neck carcinomas. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may produce anemia, which in turn may reduce the effectiveness of subsequent irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred nine patients with T1-2N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx were treated with definitive radiotherapy at the Fox Chase Cancer Center between June 1980 and November 1990. Follow-up times ranged from 26 to 165 months (median, 82). RESULTS: The 2-year local control rate for patients who presented with a hemoglobin level < or = 13 g/dL was 66%, compared with 95% for patients with a hemoglobin level more than 13 g/dL (P = .0018). The 2-year survival rate for patients with a hemoglobin level < or = 13 g/dL was 46%, compared with 88% for patients with a hemoglobin level more than 13 g/dL (P < .001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that hemoglobin level (P = .0016) was the only variable that significantly influenced local control (P = .0016) and survival (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Patients who presented with hemoglobin levels more than 13 g/dL had significantly higher local control and survival rates. The strong apparent correlation between hemoglobin level, local control, and survival supports consideration of correcting anemia before initiation of radiation therapy.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed2006

The prognostic role of pre-chemotherapy hemoglobin level in patients with ovarian cancer.

Anemia significantly affects quality of life of cancer patients, but the impact of hemoglobin levels on survival is still unclear. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the prognostic role of pre-chemotherapy hemoglobin levels in patients with ovarian cancer. Two hundred twenty-two patients were divided in 3 groups based on baseline hemoglobin levels (< 10 gr/dl (54 pts., 24%); 10-11.9 gr/dl (87 pts., 39%), > or = 12 gr/dl (82 pts., 37%)). Correlations among baseline characteristics (age, ECOG performance status, stage, grading, histology, residual disease after primary surgery) and baseline hemoglobin level were analyzed. Poor performance status (p = 0.03), more advanced stage (p = 0.01), and sub-optimal residual disease (p = 0.002) were more frequent in patients with lower hemoglobin values. There was no significant correlation between baseline hemoglobin level and response rate to subsequent chemotherapy. Based on univariate analysis, hemoglobin categories were statistically significant predictors for time to progression (p = 0.0002) and overall survival (p < 0.0001). Based on multivariate analysis, patients with hemoglobin between 10 and 12 g/dl had a 1.45 hazard ratio (HR) for recurrence and a 1.35 HR of death compared with patients with normal hemoglobin. Patients with hemoglobin < 10 g/dl had a 2.02 HR of recurrence and a 2.49 HR of death compared with patients with normal hemoglobin. These findings show that hemoglobin level prior to chemotherapy is an independent predictor of progression-free survival and overall survival in patients treated for ovarian carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Normal fetal hemoglobin levels in the sudden infant death syndrome.

It has been reported that infants who die of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have elevated fetal hemoglobin levels. To test this hypothesis, we determined the level of fetal hemoglobin in dead and living infants in three different laboratories by three methods: high-performance liquid chromatography, polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and cell-based immunofluorescence assays for fetal hemoglobin-containing red cells (F cells). Our infant study population consisted of 67 infants who had died of SIDS, 22 control infants examined at autopsy, and 80 living infants. The fetal hemoglobin level was not higher in the infants who had died of SIDS than in the control infants for any age group analyzed. Immunofluorescence assays for F cells were also performed in blood samples from 105 mothers of infants who had died of SIDS, 55 adult female controls, 52 fathers of infants who had died of SIDS, and 67 adult male controls. The percentage of fetal hemoglobin-containing red cells in the parents of infants who had died of SIDS was not statistically different from that in sex-matched adults in the control groups. We conclude that elevated fetal hemoglobin levels in infants or their parents are not suitable for use as indicators of the risk of SIDS in the infants. Furthermore, the fetal hemoglobin level is not useful as a postmortem marker of an infant's having died of SIDS.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemoglobin levels and acute radiotherapy-induced toxicity.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: To analyze the possible correlation between hemoglobin concentration and the appearance of acute radiotherapy-induced toxicity. METHODS: We prospectively studied hemoglobin levels and acute radiotherapy-induced toxicity in 86 patients treated for 3 months. Both sexes were considered to have anemia if their hemoglobin level was < or = 12 g/dL. No patient received corrective treatment for hemoglobin levels. Acute toxicity was analyzed weekly during radiotherapy and 45 days after therapy ended. The possible relationship between anemia and toxicity was analyzed, as was the correlation between hemoglobin values and the degree of toxicity. RESULTS: The findings were similar for all prognostic factors in patients with and without anemia. Hemoglobin concentration was < or = 12 g/dL in 24 patients (27.9%; mean, 10.93 +/- 0.78 g/dL). At the end of radiotherapy, hemoglobin levels were < or = 12 g/dL in 18 patients (20.9%; mean, 11.26 +/- 1.06 g/dL). The correlation between pretherapy and posttherapy hemoglobin concentration was significant at r = 0.729 (P = 0.01). The correlation between absolute hemoglobin values and the degree of toxicity, and the possible relationship between hemoglobin concentration and the appearance or the degree of toxicity after radiotherapy, was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation of the tumor and healthy tissues was not linear. This may account for the influence of hemoglobin levels on control of the disease as reported in earlier studies, but it does not account for their influence on acute toxicity after radiotherapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Elevated fetal hemoglobin levels in sudden infant death syndrome.

The cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is unknown, although deficits in cardiopulmonary function and central respiratory control have been suggested as possible mechanisms of the disorder. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that SIDS is associated with a delay in the maturation of hematopoiesis. Prolonged elevation in the levels of fetal hemoglobin (hemoglobin F) in infants with SIDS could denote a compromised delivery of oxygen to sensitive tissue sites. Normally, hemoglobin F (alpha 2 gamma 2) is largely replaced by adult hemoglobin, hemoglobin A (alpha 2 beta 2), during the first six months after birth. Using an isoelectric-focusing procedure for measuring stable hemoglobin subunits, we quantitated the levels of hemoglobin F in blood samples from 59 patients with SIDS and 40 controls (32 living and 8 dead) matched for postconceptional age. The level of hemoglobin F in the population with SIDS was significantly higher than that in the controls in the age range tested (39 to 75 weeks); the mean (+/- SEM) proportion of hemoglobin F was 63.2 +/- 3.6 percent in the group with SIDS, as compared with 48.1 +/- 5.0 percent in the controls (P less than 0.025). The difference in hemoglobin F levels was most pronounced 50 weeks after conception: the proportion of hemoglobin F in the 37 patients with SIDS with a postconceptional age of more than 50 weeks was 47.4 +/- 3.6 percent, as compared with 18.8 +/- 3.1 percent in the 19 controls of that age (P less than 0.0005). We conclude that hemoglobin F is a useful postmortem marker for the population with SIDS that we studied and that it may have value as a prospective marker for some infants at risk for SIDS.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

The relationship between hemoglobin levels and diabetic retinopathy.

This study evaluates the relationship between hemoglobin levels and diabetic retinopathy. Hemoglobin values measured in 1991 and 1992 were collected from 1691 subjects attending a diabetic clinic in Oulu, Finland, and the mean values for the two years were used in the analyses. A classification of retinopathy, based on non-mydriatic photographs taken in 1991 and 1992, was used as the outcome variable. Multiple logistic regression analyses, controlled for serum creatinine levels, proteinuria, and other prognostic factors associated with diabetes, showed that the odds ratio of having any retinopathy was 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.2-3.3) among subjects with a hemoglobin level of less than 12 g/dl, as compared with those having a hemoglobin level > or = 12 g/dl. Among the retinopathic subjects with low hemoglobin levels, the relative odds of having a severe retinopathy rather than a mild one was 5.3 (2.3-12.6). We conclude that subjects with normocytic anemia tended to have an increased risk of retinopathy, especially of the severe form.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Prognostic factors in the nonsurgical treatment of esophageal carcinoma with radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy: the importance of pretreatment hemoglobin levels.

BACKGROUND: The current study was performed to evaluate prognostic factors for overall survival (OS), distant metastasis (DM), and local failure (LF) in patients with Stage II/III esophageal carcinoma. METHODS: The following potential prognostic factors were retrospectively investigated in 124 patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone or with radiochemotherapy: age, gender, performance status, tumor location, tumor length, histology, histologic grade, T classification, N classification, International Union Against Cancer stage, chemotherapy, RT dose, and pre-RT hemoglobin level. RESULTS: Using univariate analysis (Kaplan-Meier method), pre-RT hemoglobin level, RT dose, tumor length, chemotherapy, and performance status were significantly associated with OS. Hemoglobin levels of 12.1-14.0 g/dL were associated with the best OS, followed by >/= 14.1 g/dL and </= 12.0 g/dL. DM was significantly influenced by tumor length, RT dose, N classification, and performance status. LF was significantly influenced by pre-RT hemoglobin level, RT dose, and tumor length. Using multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazard model), pre-RT hemoglobin maintained significance for OS (P < 0.001) and LF (P < 0.001), RT dose for OS (P = 0.001), DM (P = 0.031), and LF (P < 0.001), tumor length for OS (P = 0.003), DM (P = 0.017), and LF (P = 0.033), and chemotherapy for OS (P = 0.027). N classification was of borderline significance for DM (P = 0.054). Performance status lost significance for OS (P = 0.73) and LF (P = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS: The strongest predictors for outcome in Stage II/III esophageal carcinoma were RT dose, tumor length, pre-RT hemoglobin level, and chemotherapy. The pre-RT hemoglobin level was an independent prognostic factor significantly associated with OS and LF. A hemoglobin level of 12.1-14 g/dL resulted in a better prognosis than hemoglobin levels >/= 14 g/dL and </= 12 g/dL.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2004

Bone density and hemoglobin levels in older persons: results from the InCHIANTI study.

Hypoxemia has been recognized as a risk factor for bone loss. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship of bone mass and density measures with anemia and hemoglobin levels in a large sample of older community-dwelling persons. The study is based on data from 950 participants enrolled in the "Invecchiare in Chianti" (Aging in the Chianti area, InCHIANTI) study. All the analyses were performed considering continuous hemoglobin levels as well as the dichotomous anemia variable (defined according to WHO criteria as hemoglobin < 12 g/dl in women and < 13 g/dl in men). A peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) scan of the right calf was performed in all participants to evaluate total bone density, trabecular bone density, cortical bone density, and the ratio between cortical and total bone area. Linear regression analyses were used to assess the multivariate relationship of pQCT bone measures with anemia and hemoglobin levels after adjustment for demographics, chronic conditions, muscle strength and biological variables. Participants were 75.0 (SD 6.9) years old. In our sample, 101 participants (10.6%) were anemic. In women, coefficients from adjusted linear regression analyses evaluating the association between pQCT bone measures (per SD increase) and hemoglobin levels/anemia showed significant associations of anemia with total bone density (beta = -0.335, SE = 0.163; P = 0.04) and cortical bone density (beta = -0.428, SE = 0.160; P = 0.008). Relationships with borderline significance were found for the associations of anemia with trabecular bone density and the ratio between cortical and total bone area. Significant associations were found between hemoglobin levels and trabecular bone density (beta = 0.112, SE = 0.049; P = 0.02), total bone density (beta = 0.101, SE = 0.046; P = 0.03), cortical bone density (beta = 0.100, SE = 0.046; P = 0.03) and the ratio between cortical bone and total area (beta = 0.092, SE = 0.045; P = 0.04). In men, significant associations were found for hemoglobin levels with total bone density (beta = 0.076, SE = 0.036; P = 0.03) and cortical bone density (beta = 0.095, SE = 0.41; P = 0.02). A borderline significance was reported for the association between anemia and cortical bone density. We concluded that anemia and low hemoglobin levels are negatively and independently associated with bone mass and density. The bone loss associated with hemoglobin levels mainly occurs in the cortical bone. Women with lower hemoglobin levels demonstrate a higher bone loss than male counterparts.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Clinical evaluation of measuring glycosylated hemoglobin levels for assessing the long-term blood glucose control in diabetics.

The glycosylated hemoglobin levels were determined in the hemolysates obtained from 14 normal subjects and 67 patients with adult-onset diabetes mellitus, using the column chromatographic procedure of Trivelli et al. The levels of hemoglobin A1a+b (HbA1a+b) and HbA1c and the sum of HbA1a+b and HbA1c (HbA1a+b+HbA1c) in normal subjects averaged 2.3 +/- 0.4 (SD)%, 5.3 +/- 0.8% and 7.6 +/- 1.0%, respectively. Although a slight increase in HbA1a+b was found in patients with diabetes mellitus (mean +/- SD=2.8 +/- 0.7%), it was not significantly different from that in normal subjects. Despite the wide range, HbA1c and HbA1a+b+HbA1c were significantly increased in patients with diabetes mellitus (6.9 +/- 1.8% for HbA1c, p < 0.01 and 9.7 +/- 2.2% for HbA1a+b+HbA1c, p < 0.01). A significant correlation existed between the glycosylated hemoglobins and plasma glucose levels determined in the same blood (r = +0.57, p < 0.001). Moreover, the glycosylated hemoglobin levels correlated significantly with the average glucose levels for several months preceding the hemoglobin measurements. In particular, a striking correlation was evident in the plots of HbA1a+b+HbA1c against the mean plasma glucose for 3 months prior to the hemoglobin measurements, which had a correlation coefficient of 0.79 (p < 0.001). The present findings revealed that the glycosylated hemoglobins reflect the time-averaged blood glucose levels in diabetics for during approximately the proceeding 3 months, indicating the usefulness of measuring the glycosylated hemoglobins in assessing the long-term blood glucose control in diabetics.

Adult↗