Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “HYPNOTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Was I hypnotized?: a social psychological analysis of hypnotic depth reports.

We will here review experimental work on subjects' reports of being hypnotized, using an attribution theory framework. Subjective experiences accompanying a hypnotic induction procedure and test suggestions are ambiguous, and, therefore, subjects rely on contextual information in order to label these experiences. Thus, subjects are most likely to define themselves as hypnotized when the situation is convincingly defined as hypnosis and when they observe that their responses are consistent with their conception of hypnosis. Other variables which influence subjects' reports include expert opinion and the wording of the scales used to assess subjective experiences. Rather than accurately reflecting a unique state of the person, reports of being hypnotized appear to represent the outcome of a complex interaction involving contextual information, self-observation, and pre-conceptions concerning hypnosis.

Amnesia, Retrograde↗
PubMed1993

[Abrupt shift to zolpidem, a new imidazopyridine hypnotic, in insomniac patients previously treated with benzodiazepine hypnotics].

Zolpidem is a new imidazopyridine hypnotic with a pharmacological profile substantially different from benzodiazepines. In this observational multicenter study the possibility of shifting to zolpidem (10 mg at N1, 15 or 20 after N1) insomniac patients previously taking (for at least 15 days and not longer than 3 months) standard posology of triazolam (0.125-0.25 mg), lorazepam (1 mg) or lormetazepam (1 mg) was assessed. For ethical reasons the patients were mandatorily to be insomniacs despite their taking hypnotics or not tolerating them. Patients enrolled were 299 of whom 276 evaluable (139 males and 136 females; mean age 48.67 +/- 14.64, range 18-83). Study duration was 7 nights with visits at N0 (baseline), N1 (after 1st night), N3 (after 3rd night) and N7 (final evaluation); on each visit the Saint Mary Hospital Sleep Questionnaire and the benzodiazepine withdrawal symptom's rating scale were administered; moreover, after N7, investigators were asked a judgement of feasibility of such a shift. In 229 (83.5%) out of 274 patients such a shift to zolpidem was considered successfully (no occurrence of symptoms and/or signs of previously taken hypnotic withdrawal); in the remaining 45 patients, just 17 (6.2%) seemed to be real unsuccessful cases (reactions mild and transient, anyhow). In conclusion abrupt shift to zolpidem appeared to be largely feasible in the patients studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The effects of hypnotic susceptibility on reducing smoking behavior treated by an hypnotic technique.

This study sought to obtain empirical data on the issue of whether susceptibility to hypnosis influences the outcome of an hypnotic therapy. At the first of two sessions, Ss had their susceptibility evaluated unobtrusively. At the second session, they learned Spiegel's self-hypnotic method to stop smoking. At the end of 3 months' follow-up 7 of 54 volunteers were completely abstinent (13%), while 31% had reduced smoking by 50% or more. Of the 7 totally abstaining Ss, 1 was high, 1 was low and 5 were medium susceptible, which is not unlike the distribution of hypnotic susceptibility in the general population. However, it was found that significantly more Ss of higher susceptibility reduced by 50% or more than did less susceptible Ss.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A tape-recorded test of hypnotic susceptibility for screening headache patients: a feasibility study of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A.

A study to examine the feasibility of using the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS) as a screening instrument was undertaken at an inpatient headache treatment program. Nine patients diagnosed with chronic daily headache and drug rebound were administered the HGSHS. Analysis of the results showed no significant difference in hypnotic susceptibility when headache patients were compared to a control group. After taking the HGSHS, three of the five subjects who had headache at the time of testing reported a 25% reduction in pain, one was unchanged, and one reported a 13% increase in pain. The results obtained did not suggest a correlation between level of hypnotic susceptibility and reduction of headache.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Hypnotics and sleep physiology: a consensus report. European Sleep Research Society, Committee on Hypnotics and Sleep Physiology.

The effects of hypnotics on descriptive and functional aspects of electrophysiological sleep parameters are assessed in this report. Because of the arbitrary definition of some of the criteria underlying the conventional sleep stage scoring procedure, computer-aided methods of EEG analysis have become increasingly important for recording and interpreting pharmacological effects on sleep. Of particular interest are the changes of EEG slow-wave activity, since this parameter varies as a function of prior sleep and waking. Several types of interaction between hypnotics and sleep regulation are discussed, some recent pharmacological developments are highlighted, and some common problems in clinical trials are specified.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1980

Brain level of pentobarbital is the primary determinant for the development of hypnotic of hypnotic tolerance in mice.

Controlling the duration of hypnotic effect of pentobarbital by simultaneously administered bemegride, the relationship between the duration of hypnosis and the degree of developed tolerance after acute or chronic treatment was investigated in mice. Bemegride attenuated the hypnotic effect of pentobarbital, but neither the brain level of pentobarbital nor the development of tolerance was modified by bemegride, indicating that the brain level of pentobarbital is the primary determinant for the production of tolerance and full duration of hypnosis is not essential in this mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid as hypnotic. Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid as hypnotic in man.

Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GOH) was administered to three groups of four patients in 50, 75 or 100 mg/kg dose respectively, and sleep effects were scored, by sleep observation and questionnaire; GOH plasma levels were determined at 75-100 mg/kg, saliva and urine excretion at 100 mg/kg. Sleep induction was rapid and irresistible, subjects awoke at plasma levels of 90 micrograms/ml; sleep scores were good for 75 mg/kg, excellent for 100 mg/kg, notably on mood. For 75 or 100 mg/kg GOH had virtually disappeared from the blood eight hours after intake; twelve hours after intake no more GOH was detectable in urine; no correlation between plasma- and saliva levels was found. Plasma levels for 100 mg/kg dose were not at an anaesthetic level. So, GOH is a safe and good hypnotic at 75 or 100 mg/kg in clinical use.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Types of hypnotically (un)susceptible individuals as a function of phenomenological experience: towards a typology of hypnotic types.

Subjects were 194 nursing students who experienced the HGSHS A (Shor & Orne, 1962) in which was embedded a 2-minute sitting quietly interval subsequent to the eye catalepsy item, but prior to the "counting out" sequence. After the HGSHS:A, subjects completed the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI) (Pekala, 1982, 1991c) in reference to the sitting quietly interval embedded in the hypnotic induction ceremony. Subjects were divided into low and high susceptible groups. K-means cluster analysis of the subjects' responses to the PCI revealed nine different cluster groups. These groups had different patterns of phenomenological experiences that cut across individual subjects' actual HGSHS:A scores. Implications of the above for (a) working with clients who may not score that high on standard behavioral measures of hypnotizability (such as the HGSHS:A), or (b) understanding how hypnosis "works," are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Anatomy of a hypnotic response: Self-report estimates, actual behavior, and physiological response to the hypnotic suggestion for arm rigidity.

The present study closely examines subject response to the arm-rigidity item of the HGSHS:A. Subject behavior, subject self-report, and surface EMG of the biceps and triceps muscles were monitored. Two distinct ways of passing the item were observed and verified by EMG recordings: some subjects (tremblers) exerted muscular effort to bend the arm and kept it rigidly straight. Others (nontremblers) passively kept the arm straight without exerting muscular effort to bend, even though they reported exerting effort to bend their arm. These two behaviorally and physiologically different methods of passing the item support the idea of individual differences in hypnotic responding and suggest that subjects may be using different mental processes to pass the item.

Adult↗