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PubMed1996

Group interviewing for the purpose of selection.

This paper describes the process of utilizing group interview techniques combined with elements of qualitative methodology to facilitate the selection of newly registered nurses for acceptance into a graduate nurse programme. The paper demonstrates the flexibility and adaptability of group interviewing large numbers of candidates for a limited number of positions. It explores the process from a humanistic perspective and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the instrument, which will enable further refinement and applicability.

Education, Nursing, Graduate↗
PubMed2002

Adolescent perceptions of the National Lottery and scratchcards: a qualitative study using group interviews.

Recent research has consistently shown that a small but significant minority of youth engage in illegal lottery and scratchcard gambling. It is clear that most adolescents experience few gambling-related problems as a result of lotteries and scratchcards. However, it is less clear how gambling may be affecting them at a more general level. The present study set out to examine in more detail the perceptions identified in a previous survey. The study provided an opportunity for the participants to articulate and outline what they thought were the most salient issues through the use of semi-structured group interviews. Six separate group interviews took place (three groups of six adolescents and three groups of seven adolescents) aged 11-15 years. Results revealed many salient themes including winning money, socialization, different forms of excitement associated with these activities (entertainment, the fantasy of winning, and the "buzz"), control, (personal choice, luck, chance), and awareness of social problems. These are discussed in relation to the previous survey literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Use of small group interviews for selection into allied health educational programs.

This article assesses the utility of small group interviews comprised of two or more interviewers and two or more interviewees as a selection tool for entrance into allied health educational programs. The article also suggests reasons for lack of predictive utility of the traditional admissions interview, examines data on decision-making processes in small group selection interviews, and makes specific recommendations on the use of small group selection interviews in allied health education programs.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1996

Using focus group interviews to understand school meal choices.

Focus groups were used to examine adolescents' participation in school nutrition programs, their opinions about the meals served in these programs, and their suggestions for improving the meals. A pilot and four focus group interviews were conducted with ninth grade students in five geographically distinct regions of Florida. Male students and those from rural areas were more likely to participate in school meal programs than were females and those from suburban and urban areas. Students expressed intense dislike and distrust of school meals. School meals were criticized for taste, appearance, small serving sizes, and cost. Students overwhelmingly favored commercial food vendors serving lunch at school. Suggestions for improving school meals included improving the taste and appearance of food, offering a wider variety of foods, serving more fresh fruit and vegetables, lowering the price, increasing the serving sizes, teaching food service workers how to cook, and offering more condiments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Nurses' perceptions and experiences of communication in the operating theatre: a focus group interview.

UNLABELLED: Nurses' perceptions and experiences of communication in the operating theatre: a focus group interview BACKGROUND: Communication programmes are well established in nurse education. The focus of programmes is most often on communicating with patients with less attention paid to inter-professional communication or skills essential for working in specialised settings. Although there are many anecdotal reports of communication within the operating theatre, there are few empirical studies. This paper explores communication behaviours for effective practice in the operating theatre as perceived by nurses and serves as a basis for developing training. METHODS: A focus group interview was conducted with seven experienced theatre nurses from a large London teaching hospital. The interview explored their perceptions of the key as well as unique features of effective communication skills in the operating theatre. Data was transcribed and thematically analysed until agreement was achieved by the two authors. RESULTS: There was largely consensus on the skills deemed necessary for effective practice including listening, clarity of speech and being polite. Significant influences on the nature of communication included conflict in role perception and organisational issues. Nurses were often expected to work outside of their role which either directly or indirectly created barriers for effective communication. Perceptions of a lack of collaborative team effort also influenced communication. CONCLUSION: Although fundamental communication skills were identified for effective practice in the operating theatre, there were significant barriers to their use because of confusion over clarity of roles (especially nurses' roles) and the implications for teamwork. Nurses were dissatisfied with several aspects of communication. Future studies should explore the breadth and depth of this dissatisfaction in other operating theatres, its impact on morale and importantly on patient safety. Interprofessional communication training for operating theatre staff based in part on the key issues identified in this study may help to create clarity in roles and focus attention on effective teamwork and promote clinical safety.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Focus group interviews as a tool for psychiatric nursing research.

This paper explores the potential of focus group interviews in psychiatric nursing research. The main advantage of focus groups lies in allowing a larger number of participants to be included in the research, promoting greater discussion and idea generation than would be possible in individual interviews. However, as a research method the focus group is relatively unknown in psychiatric nursing and is therefore underutilized. The purpose of this article is to outline the potential advantages and disadvantages of focus groups as a research method. The process of focus group interviews is illustrated by the author's own experience with this method.

Focus Groups↗
PubMed1993

Using focus group interviews to identify salient issues concerning college students' alcohol abuse.

Despite extensive efforts to decrease alcohol abuse among college students, prevention approaches have had limited success. This study attempted to clarify reasons for this limited success and to identify directions for future interventions by directly interviewing college students on this topic. Five issues were discussed in the focus group interviews: (1) reasons for drinking alcohol, (2) reasons for not drinking alcohol, (3) circumstances surrounding overconsumption of alcohol, (4) topics and methods for prevention, and (5) gender differences in drinking patterns. The focus group interviews were found to be a valid tool for elucidating sensitive aspects of these issues and the relative importance of these issues to each other. The students revealed how susceptible they are to societal pressures to drink alcohol and how the limitations of their intrapersonal skills affect their alcohol consumption, most notably regarding sexuality issues. The authors contend that improving intrapersonal skills should be a major focus of programs to prevent alcohol abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Focus group interviews: a qualitative research approach to nursing].

Focus Group interviews have become a popular technique for nursing research. This article introduces basic guidelines for the application of the methodology through a literature review and an example from nursing research. General and specific study design issues are covered.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed2003

Using focus group interviews to understand staff perceptions from training in the therapeutic community model.

The current article is concerned with the use of focus group interviews in understanding staff perceptions of training to work with drug users during the different stages of change from addiction to rehabilitation in the Therapeutic Community model. The article discusses the use of the focus group interview as the most appropriate method for the scope of this study, based on the assumption that trainees are aware of their own needs and demands from training. Methodological issues relevant to the use of focus groups and the individual responses to the training program are discussed. The content and structure of the training program are also discussed. The article concludes that gaining information on people's own perceptions and experiences from the training process can contribute significantly to program improvement.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1993

Focus group interviews about AIDS in Rakai District of Uganda.

Focus group interviews about AIDS were held in Rakai district, Uganda during early 1990 with groups from various sections of the community. It was found that the knowledge of AIDS symptoms and its transmission were widespread. Attitudes regarding many aspects of sexual behavior, AIDS patients, condoms, injections, hospital treatment, sexually transmitted diseases and an AIDS cure were investigated. We found that most people no longer fear casual contact with AIDS patients but they blame spouses of people with AIDS for spreading the infection. Condoms are generally not trusted. Many people feel that condoms cannot prevent transmission of the AIDS virus and some fear that they may get torn and cause complications in women. Most people now do not like injections for treatment and when necessary, prefer disposable needles and syringes. Hospital treatment for AIDS patients is not trusted very much, and many people believe that AIDS patients are intentionally killed off by doctors. Sexual behavior was extensively discussed and it was found that there is generally a reduced level of multiple sexual partners. The reduction is more marked in rural areas but the urban areas are still having higher levels of multiple sexual partners.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

Improving patient satisfaction through focus group interviews.

Long used by the social science community, focus groups have been increasingly used by nursing leaders to obtain information and feedback. Use of the focus group interview (FGI), a qualitative research method, allows the nurse executive the opportunity to obtain data on a variety of topics. In order for the findings to be meaningful, however, the researcher must adhere to basic FGI design and data analysis. Like other research methodologies, the focus group offers advantages and disadvantages that must be evaluated for appropriateness and feasibility. The article illustrates the use of the FGI to spark the creation of patient-focused care and significant increases in patient satisfaction in an academic medical center.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed2003

Focus group interviews: a guide for palliative care researchers and clinicians.

The focus group interview is an increasingly common qualitative research method used by health professionals. General approaches to conducting focus groups have been published. There has, however, been minimal exploration of issues regarding the use of focus groups with palliative care populations and data analysis procedures have been underreported. The aim of this paper is to provide a guide for conducting focus groups drawing on palliative care examples. A succinct outline of why, when and how to use focus groups is offered. Key ethical and practical issues are explored as well as considerations for data analysis. This guide offers researchers and clinicians fundamental strategies for the use of focus groups within the palliative care context.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2002

Attitudes of the Japanese public and doctors towards use of archived information and samples without informed consent: preliminary findings based on focus group interviews.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to explore laypersons' attitudes toward the use of archived (existing) materials such as medical records and biological samples and to compare them with the attitudes of physicians who are involved in medical research. METHODS: Three focus group interviews were conducted, in which seven Japanese male members of the general public, seven female members of the general public and seven physicians participated. RESULTS: It was revealed that the lay public expressed diverse attitudes towards the use of archived information and samples without informed consent. Protecting a subject's privacy, maintaining confidentiality, and communicating the outcomes of studies to research subjects were regarded as essential preconditions if researchers were to have access to archived information and samples used for research without the specific informed consent of the subjects who provided the material. Although participating physicians thought that some kind of prior permission from subjects was desirable, they pointed out the difficulties involved in obtaining individual informed consent in each case. CONCLUSIONS: The present preliminary study indicates that the lay public and medical professionals may have different attitudes towards the use of archived information and samples without specific informed consent. This hypothesis, however, is derived from our focus groups interviews, and requires validation through research using a larger sample.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

A pilot test of motivational interviewing groups for dually diagnosed inpatients.

Motivational interviewing is a brief treatment approach designed to produce rapid, internally motivated change in addictive behaviors. Motivational interviewing shows promise for engaging clients with dual psychiatric and psychoactive substance use diagnoses in treatment. While initially developed as an individual treatment approach, key motivational enhancement principles may be applied to structured group interventions to facilitate its introduction to inpatient dual-diagnosis treatment. We describe how we developed and pilot-tested a motivational interviewing group for dually diagnosed inpatients, and illustrate successes and pitfalls in clinical implementation. Group participants were readily engaged by the entertaining format and often provocative content, and appeared to benefit from exploration of their ambivalence regarding change. Directions for further development and evaluation are proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Focus group interview as a qualitative research method].

Focus group research is a qualitative method with interesting properties. It is performed by planned discussion and interview with a small group of people conducted by a moderator. The participants are sampled from the study population. The aim is to obtain knowledge of the participant's considerations and ideas on a specific topic. The method is feasible in illuminating the variation of viewpoints held in a population. It is used as a single source of data or in combination with other methods. As the method provides data in a social context it is used as an alternative to individual interviews, when appropriate, or in the initial development of a questionnaire. The focused interviews is feasible in methodological triangulation or when other methods are suboptimal. Focus group interviews is considered to be of value in health research.

Focus Groups↗
PubMed2000

[Qualitative technics for social sciences--focus group interview for evaluation of health promotion programs and prevention of problems with adolescents].

The paper presents basic information about focus group interviews (FGI). The presentation has been designed as a form of introduction for people with limited experience in applied social sciences. FGI are discussed in the context of their usefulness in evaluation of health promotion and prophylactics. The discussion concentrates on the following main topics; Specificity of qualitative studies (diversity of evaluation). FGI applicability. General interview methodology. Practical solutions for focus group research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[The attitude of Dutch women of Turkish ancestry towards measures for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency; the results of focus group interviews].

OBJECTIVE: To obtain insight into the attitude of Dutch women of Turkish ancestry towards various possible measures for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency. DESIGN: Qualitative, focus group interviews. METHOD: Four focus group meetings of 4-13 women of Turkish ancestry (mean age: 31.8-47.1 years) were held in community centres in Amsterdam. Discussions were held with the aid of an interpreter in response to questions about exposure to sunlight, vitamin D supplements, fortification of foods with vitamin D, and the consumption of vitamin D rich foods. The discussions were recorded, translated, and transcribed, and the recurring themes were analysed. RESULTS: Participants had a strong preference for vitamins from 'natural sources' as compared with vitamin supplements. Concerns about weight gain and overdose as a result of vitamin supplement use were expressed frequently. Most women only found the use of vitamin D supplements acceptable if prescribed by a physician. For religious/cultural reasons, many women were not willing to alter their dress to expose more skin to sunlight, or were only willing to do so in the strict absence of men that are not members of the family. Participants were reluctant to consume vitamin D-fortified margarine products because of concern about the possible presence of pork fat and the fear that consumption of these products would induce weight gain. CONCLUSION: Among Dutch women of Turkish ancestry, cultural and religious beliefs and concern about the possible side effects can impede the acceptance of advice on how to combat vitamin D deficiency. This should be taken into consideration when giving information on the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency.

Adult↗