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PubMed1986

Gaining community support for group homes.

Data from a telephone survey of New Jersey group home providers, contracting with the State Division of Mental Retardation and Mental Health and Hospitals, evidence the assertions that providers who follow a standard public relations policy, arrange to meet with municipal officials, inform neighbors before moving-in, use local contacts, and invite the community to an open house generally enjoy greater support for their group home programs. In the medium to long run, neighbors who choose to become involved in the group home location effort (often because of concern if not opposition) generally offer more support.

Community-Institutional Relations↗
PubMed1997

Neighbors' perceptions of group homes.

Neighbors often presume that group homes (GHs) have negative effects on their neighborhoods, but it is rather unclear how often GHs actually have adverse effects. Neighbors of GHs and a matched set of people who did not live near GH were interviewed. Neighbors of GHs were asked about their experiences with the specific GH near them, while "non-neighbors" were asked similar questions about their expectations of what it would be like to live near a GH. For both negative (e.g., noise, traffic) and positive effects (e.g., leaning about disabilities) of GHs, non-neighbors expected GHs would have a much greater impact on them than what was actually reported by neighbors. This research supports prior findings that expectations of negative effects are much greater than what is actually experienced by neighbors. It also suggests that GH operators might wish to capitalize on the positive expectations that may be over-shadowed by the more commonly voiced negative expectations.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of environmental support in group homes for persons with mental retardation.

Types of environmental support provided to adults with mental retardation in group homes after transfer from a large state institution were compared. Substantial differences in the functioning of the group homes were found even though the service structure was held constant. Community adjustment was compared for matched groups of residents of the group homes. Differences in community adjustment occurred for residents in group homes with significantly different functional features. The findings indicate that resident outcome was generated by the interaction of several factors in combination. Both structural and functional features of facilities must be considered in any evaluation of the effectiveness of community programs.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Leaving care: retrospective reports by alumni of Israeli group homes.

This study examines the retrospective reports of alumni of Israeli group homes on their experiences of leaving care, taking into account possible gender differences as well as associations with their experiences while in care. The reports of 94 alumni (38 men and 56 women) interviewed by phone revealed major difficulties associated with the transition from the group home. About half perceived their transition from care as "quite hard" or "very hard". A fifth reported having no one to talk to during the first period of leaving care. Generally, the transition was more difficult for girls than boys. The longer the alumni (especially boys) stayed in care, the more difficult they found the transition to independent living. Better relationships between the child and the group-home parents while in care were associated with a more difficult transition to independent living. This study highlights the need for longer and more extensive preparation for leaving out-of-home care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Ongoing consultation as a method of improving performance of staff members in a group home.

A model of ongoing consultation was implemented in a community group home for 8 adults with severe and profound mental retardation. Two consultants, highly experienced in working with people with mental retardation and in the procedures used in group homes, taught staff members to use a token reinforcement system, to engage the adults in a variety of activities, and to improve the content and style of the staff members' interactions with the adults. The consultants taught skills to 9 staff members through brief mini-workshops, direct observation of the staff members' use of the skills during regular activities in the group home, and individual verbal feedback regarding a staff member's performance of the skills. Evaluation of the ongoing consultation process by the 2 consultants showed it to be effective in improving the performance of the staff members and in changing the behaviors of the adults who lived in the home. Continued implementation of the process, however, appeared to be necessary for the behavior changes of staff members to be maintained at high levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Affiliation and friendship of mentally retarded residents in group homes.

The social behavior of 208 mentally retarded residents in 18 group homes was observed and analyzed in terms of their (a) informal grouping behavior, (b) affiliation, and (c) intense social relationships ("friendships"). Moderately to mildly retarded residents engaged in "social" types of behavior in groups (primarily dyads) and "neutral" types of behavior when alone. In contrast, profoundly retarded residents did not behave differently when others were present, although they did display social types of behavior. Residents' affiliative behavior was not as related to personal characteristics (sex and intelligence) as it was to (a) size of the group home, (b) average intelligence of the residents in the home, (c) sex ratio in the home, and (d) homogeneity of the residents' backgrounds. Although residents in large homes affiliated more extensively with others, intense relationships were as likely in large as in small homes. Sixteen intense friendships were identified and described. In total, the results support the view that the group home environment can influence residents' affiliation and friendship.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Prader-Willi syndrome: effect of group home placement on obese patients with diabetes.

Morbid obesity and type II diabetes, common complications of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), are difficult to manage in the home setting. We assessed the effect of specialized group home placement on these complications in eight individuals with PWS, all of whom were obese and four of whom had type II diabetes. The group home provided diet restriction and control, a monitored exercise program, and a structured environment. Twelve months after admission, average weight loss in the eight individuals was 17.0 kg. Of the four with diabetes, all achieved euglycemia, and insulin and oral hypoglycemic doses were greatly reduced or discontinued. For individuals with PWS who are obese and have type II diabetes, placement in specialized group homes can be highly effective in controlling weight and diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Adaptation to group home living for adults with mental retardation as a function of previous residential placement.

Changes in adaptive functioning subsequent to a group home placement was assessed for deinstitutionalized and previously non-institutionalized adults with mental retardation. Results indicated that both groups experienced a significant increase in overall adaptive functioning subsequent to group home placement. The results also indicated that neither group experienced a significantly greater increase in adaptive behaviour compared to the other. Additionally, it was found that the deinstitutionalized group functioned at a higher adaptive level overall than did the previously non-institutionalized group. These results are consistent with previous research regarding the benefits of a group home placement on deinstitutionalized individuals. This research extends previous research by demonstrating that group home placements also have a significant impact on the adaptive behaviour of previously non-institutionalized individuals.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1980

"Burnout" in group home houseparents.

Forty-seven houseparents of group homes for emotionally disturbed adolescents completed questionnaires measuring "burnout." There were profound differences between male and female subjects; for men, higher burnout scores were significantly correlated with higher salaries, screening prospective residents, and having no decision-making power in accepting residents. Women burned out more if they screened prospective residents or ran group meetings with residents. Significant relationships were also found between burnout and where time off was spent and support of friends, staff, and the organization. The author suggests that group home programs should differentially allocate tasks to men and women and should work with men on overly high expectations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Group homes in North Carolina for children and adults with autism.

Autistic people not living with their families live in 11 group homes throughout North Carolina. These homes, funded by both state and federal sources, are affiliated with TEACCH, the state agency for the identification and treatment of autism. This article looks at several aspects of group homes including cost effectiveness, staff selection and training, level of structure and programming, composition of the client group, adherence to a central philosophy, and the role of administration. Evidence suggests that group homes are a viable and cost-effective residential option for autistic people. While more group homes are needed, development of other residential options is encouraged.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of family-care and group homes as alternatives to institutions.

Two residential alternatives, family-care and group homes, for deinstitutionalized mentally retarded adults were compared. Residents in both settings displayed essentially no improvement in self-care skills. Individuals placed in family-care homes were significantly more likely to improve their maladaptive behavior. Individuals in group homes were more likely to improve in community living skills. Residents of both settings were equally likely to have friends, maintain ongoing contact with family, and make use of community resources. A differential use of family-care and group homes was suggested.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

Study on factors associated with changes in quality of life of demented elderly persons in group homes.

The purpose of the present study was to attempt to identify changes in quality of life (QOL) and factors associated with them shortly after demented elderly residents entered a group home. The subjects were 25 demented elderly persons who had entered a group home within the previous 3 months. Their QOL and factors associated with it were evaluated on two occasions, at baseline and 3 months later. An objective scale for dementia, the Quality of Life Questionnaire for Dementia (QOL-D), was used to evaluate their QOL. The results showed a significant change between the QOL-D scores at baseline and 3 months later, and changes in housekeeping item scores were extracted as factors associated with changes in QOL-D. These findings suggest that the QOL score rises soon after entering a group home, and that the acquisition of roles within the group home may influence the increase in QOL.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1981

The small group home: needed option for the poor elderly.

This paper covers the possibilities of organizing community services and obtaining funding to make small group homes available to the poor. Statistics show that many frail elderly in nursing homes could function well in less protected environments if transition options for housing and services were available, such as the small group home, which fosters self-direction and "mainstreaming" of older persons in an age-integrated community. It fills a major gap in the continuum of health services at about 2/3 the cost of nursing home care. Only a few states are experimenting with alternative Medicaid regulations which permit payment for health related services, maintenance, homemaking and ADL assistance. None are known to be testing the small group home concept. Thus many older persons requiring some services must be institutionalized, although there may be no need for intensive nursing care or 24-hour supervision. The poor older person's choice, in particular, is restricted by Medicaid regulations. Demonstration small group homes are proving both cost and care effective. Home Care Research in Frederick, Maryland has several such homes. Such alternative "family style" living, with health related services, should be made available to all persons who qualify, regardless of income.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Follow-up of mentally retarded adults successfully and unsuccessfully placed in community group homes.

State hospital staff members compared 72 retarded adult patients who had been successfully placed in group homes in the community with 13 patients who had been placed but rehospitalized. No significant differences were found between the groups on the four variables of sex, age at the time of the study, age at first admission to the hospital, and time spent in the hospital. A comparison of preplacement problems listed in the patients' hospital records with the reasons for rehospitalization of the unsuccessfully placed group suggests that both hospital staff and group home parents find aggressive behaviors a problem, but that group home parents are more concerned than hospital staff with deficiencies in self-care.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Transfer of staff training from workshops to group homes: a failure to generalize across settings.

Two experiments were conducted to assess acquisition and generalization of skills acquired in a workshop by trainees who were primary caregivers on the staffs of group homes for developmentally disabled clients. In Study 1, 31 staff trainees received an intensive, 1-week workshop in behavioral theory and treatment techniques. When assessed at the workshop site, these staff trainees showed increased treatment skills, relative to 18 staff trainees who did not participate in the workshop. In Study 2, pre- and postworkshop observations were taken on 53 developmentally disabled clients in group homes where the staff trainees worked. These observations provided no evidence that the workshop had any effect on group home client functioning. Future training programs for caregivers may be more successful if they occur in the group home, involve clients in the home, and enlist the support of supervisory staff, rather than focusing only on primary caregivers.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

Risk factors for depression among adolescents living in group homes in South Carolina.

Few data are available concerning the risk factors for depression among adolescents living in group homes. Two hundred fifty-nine adolescents ranging in age from 10 years to 20 years (median age of 15 years) residing in South Carolina group homes were interviewed for symptoms of depression and characteristics including demographics, personal history, family dynamics, academic performance, and social network. Of the study population, 47 percent are female. Population ethnicity is 64.9 percent Anglo-American and 29.1 percent African-American. Among these adolescents, 74.5 percent had clinical depression defined as a total Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score of 16 or more which is much greater than population-based estimates of 0.4 to 8.3 percent. Using a total CES-D score of 23 or more, 42.9 percent of the adolescents had severe depression. Among adolescents who were clinically depressed, gender had an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 4.24 with a 95 percent confidence interval (CI) of 1.44 and 12.51. History of suicide attempts had an OR of 4.97 with a 95 percent CI of 1.04 and 23.75. However, among severely depressed adolescents, only gender was a significant risk factor (AOR = 6.92, 95 percent CI = 2.91, 16.42). Careful screening of all depressed adolescents in group homes for suicide attempts is indicated, especially among females, and when identified, the adolescent should receive suicide prevention counseling.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Frequency and type of incidents occurring in urban-based group homes.

A total of 770 persons with mental retardation were evaluated to determine the frequency and types of incidents occurring in urban-based group homes. All persons resided in group homes located in a large city. Over an 18-month period, a total of 3075 incidents in 14 categories, were documented. Two categories, behavioural incidents and medication errors, comprised 61% of all incidents recorded. Further, a small number of clients accounted for a disproportionately high number of behavioural incidents. Results point to the need to apportion resources based on frequency and types of incidents occurring in group homes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Group home residents' identities as patients and as community members.

OBJECTIVE: The study examined the extent to which group home residents identified with the roles of psychiatric patient and community member. It was hypothesized that a longer history of hospitalization and a lower level of functioning would be associated with a stronger patient identity and that longer community tenure would be related to a less pronounced identification with the patient role. METHODS: Fifty-seven group home residents were given a list of 50 features, or words describing thoughts, feelings, and personal characteristics. They were asked which features they would attribute to each of two identities--"myself as a psychiatric patient" and "myself as a community member." Correlations with hospitalization history, community tenure, and level of functioning were determined. RESULTS: Residents with greater cumulative time spent hospitalized attributed more features to their identity as a patient than to their identity as a community member, indicating a greater elaboration of patient identity. Residents with long community tenures were no more likely than those recently hospitalized to have a more extensively elaborated identity as a community member. Global functioning scores were not related to strength of identification with the patient role. CONCLUSIONS: Identification with the patient role persists among group home residents even after relatively long tenure in the community. Providers of residential services may find it more helpful to promote positive associations with community membership rather than to attempt to reduce identification with the patient role.

Activities of Daily Living↗