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PubMed2005

Gargling with sodium azulene sulfonate reduces the postoperative sore throat after intubation of the trachea.

Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a complication that remains to be resolved in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation. In this study, we investigated whether preoperative gargling with sodium 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylazulene-3-sulfonate monohydrate (sodium azulene sulfonate, Azunol) reduces POST after endotracheal intubation. Forty patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomized into Azunol and control groups. In the Azunol group, patients gargled with 4 mg Azunol diluted with 100 mL tap water (40 microg/mL). In the control group, patients gargled with 100 mL of tap water. After emergence from general anesthesia, the patients with POST were counted and POST was evaluated using a verbal analog pain scale. There were no significant differences between the two groups by age, height, body weight, gender distribution, or duration of anesthesia and surgery. In the control group, 13 patients (65%) complained of POST, which remained 24 h later in nine patients (45%). In the Azunol group, five patients (25%) also complained of POST, which completely disappeared by 24 h later. The incidence of POST and verbal analog pain scale scores in the Azunol group decreased significantly compared with the control group. We demonstrated that gargling with Azunol effectively attenuated POST with no adverse reactions.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Systemic cardiovascular and metabolic effects associated with the inhalation of an increased dose of albuterol. Influence of mouth rinsing and gargling.

We designed this investigation to assess the occurrence of systemic beta adrenergic side effects associated with the inhalation of an increased dose of the beta2 receptor agonist albuterol. Since therapeutic aerosols delivered by metered dose inhaler (MDI) are preferentially deposited in the mouth and pharynx, we wished to determine whether mouth rinsing and gargling with water might reduce the magnitude of such side effects by partially removing oral and pharyngeal drug residues. Serum glucose, insulin and potassium concentrations, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) were measured as parameters of beta-adrenergic stimulation. Each of eight nonmedicated mild asthmatic patients was studied on two separate days after an overnight fast. Measurements were obtained twice before and then repeatedly at various times up to three hours after inhalation of ten albuterol doses (total dose approximately 1 mg) delivered by MDI. On either day the patient did, or did not, rinse the mouth and gargle after drug inhalation. Aerosol-administered albuterol significantly increased HR, FEV1, systolic BP and serum concentrations of glucose and insulin and lowered diastolic BP as early as five min after inhalation, indicating early systemic drug absorption. Peak changes in all measured parameters were observed within 30 min after treatment. Mouth rinsing and gargling removed 24 +/- 11 percent of the total albuterol dose delivered, but did not lower the magnitude or shift the time course of these side effects or bronchodilation. Our data suggest that cardiovascular and metabolic side effects are associated with the inhalation of an increased dose of albuterol and that mouth rinsing and gargling are not effective in reducing the magnitude of these systemic effects.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Thyroid function in nurses: the influence of povidone-iodine hand washing and gargling.

The effect of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) hand washing and gargling on thyroid function was assessed. In 16 nurses using PVP-I products and 16 control subjects, serum inorganic iodine levels and thyroid functions were investigated. The status of PVP-I use was also surveyed in the nurses. Clinical symptoms considered to be attributable to thyroid dysfunctions were seen in none of the subjects, nor was a goiter observed in any of the subjects. In nurses, serum inorganic iodine levels were slightly increased as compared to those in the control subjects, although the difference was not significant. The iodine incorporated during working hours of nurses appears to be attributable to gargling rather than to hand washing. The long-term use of PVP-I for gargling should be avoided by (1) people with a high risk of developing thyroid dysfunction due to the excessive intake of iodine, (2) pregnant women and (3) breast-feeding mothers.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[A study of therapeutic efficacy of Koukangning gargle in the treatment of oral mucositis].

A study of therapeutic efficacy was carried out in 118 patients with oral mucositis (recurrent oral aphthous ulceration, erosive lichen planus, herptic stomatitis and infectious oral mucosal hematoma) at random. As a topical medication, Koukangning gargle was applied to 59 patients of the experimental group, 29 patients of the control group 1 applied Dobell's solution to rinse their mouths, and 30 patients of the control group 2 applied Koutai solution. A satisfactory result was observed in the experimental group, its effectiveness and effective rates rose more than those of control group 1 at both treatments for 3 days and 6 days. Between the two groups, there were markedly significant difference (P < 0.005, P < 0.01, P < 0.005, P < 0.005). Koukangning gargle was nontoxic and no side-effects in the clinical tests. Its efficacy was no significant difference compared with the control group 2. Experimental study demonstrates that it possesses anti-inflamation effect and excellent antibiotic effect, therefore it is a new gargle for rinse mouth combined traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1997

[Prophylactic effect of black tea extract as gargle against influenza].

We examined whether gargling with black tea prevents influenza infection. Tests were carried out during a five month period (October 1992 to March 1993). The control group that followed their normal daily routine, whereas the test group that gargled with 0.5 w/v% black tea extract twice daily (at 8 a.m. and 5 p.m.). Influenza viruses were isolated from influenza patients and an antigen analysis was carried out. As a result, two strains of influenza A viruses (H3N2) and ten strains of B virus were detected. An HI test was done using paired sera of the control group and the test group. The HI titers raised a four fold or greater in 48.8% (61/125) in the control group and 35.1% (35/134) in the test group. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the control and test groups. These results indicate that black tea extract is effective as a prophylactic agent against influenza infection.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

[A trial of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) nasal inhalation and gargling to remove potentially pathogenic bacteria colonized in the pharynx].

OBJECTIVE: Aspiration of potentially pathogenic bacteria (PPB) colonized in the upper airway is a major cause of bacterial pneumonia. We hypothesized that PVP-I nasal inhalation is effective in removing PPB from the upper airway. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of PVP-I nasal inhalation. METHODS: Patients with asymptomatic PPB (MRSA and/or aerobic GNB i.e. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacteriaceae) colonization in the pharynx were enrolled in this study. These patients were divided randomly into two groups as follows: a PVP-I nasal inhalation group (N group) which was asked to inhale 1% PVP-I solution x 2/day nasally by a jet nebulizer and gargling with PVP-I solution x 2/day, and a control group (C group), which was asked to gargle with PVP-I solution x 2/day. The study period was 2 weeks in both groups. RESULTS: Group N consisted of 16 cases, which included 9 (56%) cases with chronic respiratory complications and group C consisted of 14 cases which included 6 (43%) cases with complications. In N and C group, PPB disappearance from the pharynx was observed in 44% and 14% of patients after the study period, respectively. In the patients of group N, without chronic respiratory complication, PPB disappeared in 86% ot the cases. There was no adverse effect correlated with PVP-I nasal inhalation. CONCLUSION: We conclude that PVP-I nasal inhalation is a safe procedure for removing PPB from the upper airway, and this method may contribute to preventing bacterial pneumonia.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1977

[Mineral oil pneumonia caused by throat gargles containing lipoid paraffin. Diagnosed by biochemical examination of the sputum (author's transl)].

A 20-year-old man developed a pneumonia after using throat gargles containing lipoid paraffin over 5 years. The lung biopsy showed a lipoid pneumonia and the bodyplethysmographic examination a ventilation disorder indicating a starting lung fibrosis. By the means of gaschromatography the identity of the lipoid in the sputum and in the gargle sample was established and the diagnosis continued. The disease, its pathophysiology and iatrogenic etiology are discussed and the consequencies concerning the ENT-specialist are stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in gargled-water specimens of children.

The objective of the present study was to establish the occurrence of Chlamydia pneumoniae by direct detection in gargled-water specimens obtained from 193 children suffering from acute or chronic respiratory infections. Specimens were analyzed by an indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF), a genus-specific antigen enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The pathogen was detected in three children by PCR only. As underlying disease, chronic obstructive bronchitis resistant to therapy was reported. In two of the children, the presence of pneumonia could be verified by X-ray. With a detection threshold of target DNA obtained from two inclusion forming units (IFU), the PCR proved clearly more sensitive than EIA becoming positive at levels of 100 IFU and above. No interpretable results could be obtained for the IIF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Hypermagnesemia-induced fatality following epsom salt gargles(1).

Hypermagnesemia is a rare cause of coma in a patient with normal renal function. When present, it is often because of iatrogenic medication overdose. We report a fatal case of chronic Epsom salt gargles for halitosis that produced a serum magnesium of 23.6 mg/dL (9.8 mmol/L) and resulted in coma. We review the wide presentation of hypermagnesemia from subtle neurologic and cardiovascular signs to the major life-threatening clinical manifestations of shock, dysrhythmias, coma, and cardiopulmonary arrest despite emergency dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[The correlation between the exacerbation of bronchial asthma and picornavirus (human rhino virus) infection in throat gargles by RT-PCR].

Viral infection is one of important factors to cause the exacerbation of bronchial asthma. We have investigated 167 adults of asthmatics to clarify the correlation between viral infection and exacerbation of asthma. Patients were classified to four group by the symptoms of common cold and asthma attack. Furthermore, we have examined Picornavirus and Human rhino virus RNA from throat gargles of patients using RT-PCR (reverse transcription--polymerase chain reaction) method. Forty of 65 (61.5%) asthmatics with common cold revealed asthma attack and common cold was significantly associated with acute exacerbation of asthma (p < 0.01). We identified Picornavirus RNA, which include 113 of Human rhino virus serotypes and enterovirus, from the samples of 16 of 52 (30.8%) patients who had acute exacerbation. It was significantly higher than the detection rate of viral RNA from patient without asthma attack. Furthermore, we analyzed Human rhino virus RNA from the same samples by RT-PCR and 93.7% of Picornavirus were identified as Human rhino virus. Taken together, these findings suggest that common cold is significantly associated with the exacerbation of bronchial asthma. Human rhino virus infection might be one of important virus in this procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Effect of gargling the throat with Panaxylocaine as a lubricant for the laryngeal mask airway].

We used Panaxylocaine as a suitable lubricant with gargling before insertion of laryngeal mask for twenty preoperative breast cancer patients. Patients were divided into two groups; Control group (N = 10) received water-based lidocaine gel just before insertion of laryngeal mask, and Panaxylocaine group (N = 10) received Panaxylocaine as a premedication for breast cancer operation. Compared to water-based lidocaine gel, Panaxylocaine was more effective for oral discomfort after insertion of laryngeal mask. But there was no difference between two groups about oral paresthesia. We conclude that Panaxylocaine is a good premedication before insertion of laryngeal mask preventing oral and pharyngeal complications.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1951

Gargles.

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Humans↗
PubMed1999

The use of toluidine blue gargles to aid the detection of impacted pharyngeal fish bones.

Fishbone impaction is a common clinical problem. In most cases careful examination pinpoints the impacted bone which can then be removed. If no bone is detected a distinction must be drawn between mucosal abrasion mimicking fishbone impaction and a fine or deeply impaled fishbone eluding detection. We present a new method that may be helpful in the detection of pharyngeal fishbones.

Animals↗