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PubMed1993

[A resuscitation aid in the first aid and medical care for the victims of severe trauma received in emergency situations].

On the basis of their own experience in combat casualty staging, emergency situations and various publications the authors theoretically substantiate the necessity to reinforce the structures of pre-medical and medical care with reanimation teams which must be equipped with adequate assets capable to meet with emergency situations. The article contains information about training, equipment and organic structure of these teams. Taking into account the pathophysiological mechanism of severe injuries the authors give characteristics of the volume of medical care provided by these teams at various periods of casualty staging. The article stresses the necessity to combine the conduction anesthesia with central analgesia. The authors substantiate the necessity of the quest for a new analgetic as a drug of choice at the pre-hospital period, and describe its desired characteristic features: effective analgesia without breathing depression or circulatory iatrogenic disorders; long-term analgetic effect which gives the possibility to perform evacuation to the secondary care medical unit; possibilities for national fabrication of this drug in large quantities, impossibility of addiction to this drug.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2006

First aid in acute stroke : introducing a concept of first action to laypersons.

OBJECTIVE: First aid training is well established to teach the public how to recognize a medical emergency and take appropriate action. Though it is now handled as a high priority emergency stroke is not among the main topics of first aid. We investigated if first aid training may be useful for enhancing stroke awareness. METHODS: We developed a 15-20 minute teaching session about stroke as an emergency including signs and symptoms and first hands-on measures. The session was integrated in standard first aid training of the St John Ambulance of Germany and participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire regarding their knowledge about stroke. Subjects were questioned before the stroke lesson and again at the end of the training. RESULTS: 532 participants of the training responded to the questionnaire (mean age 28.6 years, 53.6% male). There was a significant increase in proportion of subjects correctly defining what stroke is (28.4% vs. 69.9%, p < 0,001) and in the mean number of stroke symptoms listed (1.52 vs. 3.35, p < 0,001) by the participants. The number of participants unable to list at least 1 symptom decreased significantly (12.8 vs. 3.6%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In our study a teaching lesson integrated in first aid training was effective in improving stroke knowledge of participants. First aid training should be used for stroke information complementary to other activities like mass media campaigns as it is effective, could reach younger people that are not primarily interested in stroke and provides connections to other health topics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A first aid and CPR course for first-year medical students.

A 24-hour course in first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been developed for the first-year medical students at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine. The objective of the course was to train students to handle common emergencies out of a hospital setting and with no special equipment. It was expected that students would become competent to perform CPR at a level equal to or better than that required by the American Red Cross (ARC) for certification. In the past three years approximately 99% of each first-year class has been certified. The majority of the course is taught by medical students who are certified ARC Instructors in Advanced First Aid and Emergency Care and CPR.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1975

[Organization of first aid on the northern motorway in Picardy. Role of the regional Medical First Aid Unit].

The Picardy regional S.A.M.U. implanted in Amiens, has participated in the implantation of antennae of the S.M.U.R. whereby aid can be given accident cases on the northern motorway. After a brief historical review of the creation of these antennae, and presentation of what exists in the sections of the northern motorway not in Picardy, the means of the regional S.A.M.U. are presented, and the way it which it functions, with regards to specific problems concerning medical aid on the motorway. The results of the S.M.U.R. activities are presented and discussed. The necessity for good coordination of medical aid, the fundamental role of the regional S.A.M.U., is particularly emphasized.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2005

The evaluation of first aid and basic life support training for the first year university students.

In Turkey, the first aiders are few in quantity and yet they are required in many settings, such as earthquakes. It was thought that training first year university students in first aid and basic life support (FA-BLS) techniques would serve to increase the number of first aiders. It was also thought that another problem, the lack of first aid trainers, might be addressed by training medical students to perform this function. A project aimed at training first year university students in FA-BLS was conducted at Hacettepe University. In the first phase, medical student first aid trainers (MeSFAT) were trained in FA-BLS training techniques by academic trainers and in the second phase, first year university students were trained in FA-BLS techniques by these peer trainers under the academic trainers' supervision. The purpose of this study was to assess the participants' evaluation of this project and to propose a new program to increase the number of first aiders in the country. In total, 31 medical students were certified as MeSFATs and 12 of these trained 40 first year university students in FA-BLS. Various questionnaires were applied to the participants to determine their evaluation of the training program. Most of the participants and the authors considered the program to be successful and effective. This method may be used to increase the number of first aid trainers and first aiders in the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

German nursing students' knowledge of and attitudes to HIV and AIDS: two decades after the first AIDS cases.

German nursing students' knowledge of and attitudes to HIV and AIDS: two decades after the first AIDS case This study describes German nursing students' (n=180) knowledge and attitudes relating to HIV/AIDS, their homophobia level, willingness to care for people with AIDS, and their approach to possible sexual risk behaviours. A questionnaire was used to collect the data (response rate 97.8%). The results indicated that the nursing students had a rather high knowledge level concerning AIDS. However, there were gaps of knowledge, such as regarding AIDS immunopathology or the symptoms of the disease. Single nursing students and those having cared for a person with AIDS had a more thorough knowledge about the disease. In general, the attitudes towards AIDS and people with AIDS were tolerant and positive, and homophobia was only found with a small minority. Students having positive attitudes towards people with HIV/AIDS had less homophobia compared to those having negative attitudes towards persons suffering from AIDS. Those with positive attitudes were more willing to care for patients with HIV/AIDS, while those with a high homophobia level were less willing to do so. In addition, students having a high AIDS knowledge level tended less towards negative attitudes and homophobia than those with a low level of knowledge. The implications of the research for nursing education will be discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

First aid in the air.

BACKGROUND: First aid is commonly required during commercial aircraft flights, especially during international flights. An intimidating and sometimes threatening array of in-flight medical emergencies challenge the doctor, flight attendants and other passengers in such medical emergencies. Cramped conditions, difficulties of access to the victim, lack of privacy, cultural and language differences and noise and vibration all compound to increase the difficulties of the normal first aid drills which are required in the management of in-cabin emergencies. Doctors who fly as passengers are liable to be called upon to render first aid in the air. We provide an analysis of the types of medical emergencies encountered during commercial air travel. METHODS: We have reviewed all consecutive in-flight medical incident reports for QANTAS international flights for 1993. All incidents requiring the attention of a doctor were included. RESULTS: A total of 454 significant medical incidents occurred. These included, in rank order, syncope (35%), angina and cardiac emergencies (23%), gastrointestinal conditions (13%), respiratory tract infections and asthma (9%) and anxiety and panic reactions warranting medical intervention (5%). CONCLUSIONS: Syncope, the management of gastrointestinal symptoms and problems of angina comprise over half (58%) of the presenting symptoms which confront a fellow traveller who may coincidentally be a medical practitioner. Problems of anxiety, sleeplessness, airport bustle, immobility, barotrauma, alcohol abuse and mild hypoxia are discussed in the context of precipitating factors which may trigger an in-flight emergency. Psychological problems are very common and challenge the first aider, whether or not he or she is medically trained. We emphasize the necessity for doctors and nurses to be trained in first aid, as a distinct profession in its own right and a series of drills and skills which are distinctive from those of surgery-based health care. The 5% annual increase in air-passenger traffic, predicted for the next two decades, highlights the importance of special training for "first aid in the air'.

Aerospace Medicine↗