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PubMed2003

Preliminary identification of carotenoids in malignant and benign neoplasms of the breast and surrounding fatty tissue.

An attempt has been made to identify the carotenoids present in the tissue of neoplastic tumors and the surrounding fatty tissue taken from women with histologically diagnosed cancer (ca ductale infiltrans, G2,G3; n=20) and those with benign changes (fibroadenoma, n=20). Carotenoid pigments were isolated using column and thin-layer chromatography. Prior to chromatography, the material was homogenized with acetone under nitrogen in dark glass bottles and the extracts kept in a refrigerator until analyzed. In the present study, we isolated 13 carotenoids belonging to provitamin A and nonprovitamin A carotenoids. The total content of carotenoids in microg/g of tissue was slightly lower in cancers and the surrounding fatty tissues in comparison to benign changes, but in general it was higher in the fatty tissue surrounding the tumors, irrespective of their histological structure (the mean values for cancers 20.433+/-10.64 vs fatty tissue 25.361+/-12.025, p<0.01; and the mean values for benign changes 22.889+/-12.011 vs fatty tissue 27.021+/-13.180, p<0.01). Epoxide carotenoids - lutein epoxide and violaxanthin, were predominant in fatty tissue, both in malignant and benign changes; epoxide carotenoids - mutatoxanthin and lutein epoxide and other carotenoids such as zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin, lutein and neoxanthin were predominant in neoplastic material. Beta carotene and lutein epoxide were found in all samples, alpha carotene was found in 50% of them. Antheraxanthin was present in fatty tissue only. Beta carotene, the main provitamin A carotenoid, content in the material examined ranged from 2.43 to 4.33% in tumor tissue and in fatty tissue surrounding the tumors it was twice as higs. Such carotenoids as 3'-lutein, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin were sporadic. No reoccurring carotenoid "sequences" were found despite the same histopathological diagnosis. No relationship was found between the neoplasm histopatological grade, lesion diameter and the occurrence of specific carotenoids.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1999

[The efficacy of the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer with metastasis into the perienteric fatty tissue].

Metastasizing to the surrounding fatty tissue is a rarely encountered feature of colorectal carcinoma. Metastases were identified in 34 of those patients (n = 755) having been operated on (4.5% observations). The above metastases were found to range from 3 to 7 mm, having no associative ties either with the primary tumor or the regional lymphatic nodes along the colonic and rectal arterial vessels. The presence of the colorectal carcinoma metastases to the surrounding fatty tissue tends to strikingly worsen the prognosis as to long-term survival of patients after surgical treatment. A 10-year survival of patients presenting with colorectal carcinoma metastases to the surrounding fatty tissue was estimated to be 15 to 17% which is more than 3 times inferior to the effectiveness of radical operations in patients presenting with the third stage of the process but free from such metastases. The secured data attest to the need for reconsideration of the colorectal carcinoma staging classification that is in force in our country and for bringing it to conformity with international standards.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1999

Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and nucleotides on tissue fatty acid profiles of rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage.

The deficiency of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that occurs in plasma of patients with liver cirrhosis has been assessed in rats with severe steatosis and mild liver necrosis induced by repeated administration of low doses of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)). The contribution of both dietary (n-3) long-chain PUFA and nucleotides to the recovery of the altered fatty acid profiles of tissue lipids of these rats has also been studied. Two groups of rats were used. The first was intraperitoneally injected 0.15 ml of a 10% (v/v) CCl(4)solution in paraffin per 100 g of body weight, three times a week for 9 weeks; the second received paraffin alone. After the treatment, six rats of each group were killed. Afterwards, the remaining controls were fed a semipurified diet (SPD) for 3 weeks, and the remaining rats in the CCl(4)group were divided into three new groups: the first was fed the SP diet; the second was fed the SP diet supplemented with 1% (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA diet); and the third was fed the SP diet supplemented with 250 mg nucleotides per 100 g diet (NT diet). Fatty acids of plasma, erythrocyte membranes and liver microsomes were analyzed. Decreases in linoleic and arachidonic acids in both total plasma lipids and liver microsomal phospholipids were the main findings due to CCl(4)treatment. The rats that received CCl(4)and the PUFA diet showed the lowest levels of (n-6) PUFA and the highest levels of (n-3) PUFA in liver microsomal phospholipids, as well as a significant increase of (n-3) PUFAs in total plasma lipids. The animals that received the NT diet showed no signs of fatty infiltration and exhibited the highest levels of (n-6) PUFAs in liver microsomal phospholipids. These results show that CCl(4)affects fatty acid metabolism which is accordingly reflected in altered tissue fatty acid profiles, and that balanced diets containing PUFA and nucleotides are important for the recovery of the damaged liver in rats.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Collision-mediated transfer of long-chain fatty acids by neural tissue fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP): studies with fluorescent analogs.

Mammalian fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP) are a family of intracellular proteins (approx 15 kDa) that bind long-chain fatty acids (FA) with high affinity. They are believed to serve as cytoplasmic transporters of FA and to target FA to specific cellular sites of utilization. Several different FABPs are expressed in neural tissue, including brain FABP (B-FABP), myelin FABP (M-FABP), and heart FABP (H-FABP). We have previously shown that H-FABP transfers FAvia direct collisional interactions with acceptor model membranes. In the present studies, we use a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay to examine the rate and mechanism of transfer of a fluorescent long-chain fatty acid from B-FABP to phospholipid vesicles. The rate of transfer is shown to be independent of buffer ionic strength and dramatically enhanced by the presence of specific anionic phospholipids. These results are consistent with a mechanism by which FA are transferred from B-FABP to phospholipid membranes by a transient collision-based mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Total fatty acid composition of duck fatty tissues.

Total lipids extracted from duck fatty tissues were fractionated on thin layer plates into polar lipids and neutral lipids. Neutral lipids were similarly fractionated into their components. Fatty acid methyl esters from total lipids were fractionated by gas-liquid-chromatography. Results indicated that duck fatty tissues are mostly formed by neutral lipids and that triglycerides comprise the vast majority of neutral lipids. Results also indicated that the major fatty acids in duck lipids are: oleic greater than linoleic greater than stearic greater than palmitoleic. About 73% of all fatty acids present belong to the C-18 series. The unsaturation level for duck lipids is about 73%.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2002

Significance of orbital fatty tissue for exophthalmos in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.

PURPOSE: To correlate exophthalmos with the volume of extraocular muscle and orbital fatty tissue in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), using MRI that enables the orbital soft tissues to be well defined. METHODS: Thirty-three orbits, 20 from 10 patients with TAO and 13 from 13 controls, were employed. T1-weighted orbital MR slices 2 or 3 mm thick were obtained in axial, coronal and sagittal planes. Tracing the outlines of each structure, we measured the total sectional areas. Volumes of the extraocular muscle, of the fatty tissue and of the bony orbital cavity were calculated by multiplying the slice thickness. Exophthalmos was also measured using axial MRI. RESULTS: In TAO the volume increment of orbital fatty tissue (6.19 cm(3)) was much greater than that of extraocular muscle (1.16 cm(3)). Increase of exophthalmos by 1 mm needed a total orbital volume increment of 0.92 cm(3). The total orbital fatty tissue volume (correlation coefficient 0.70, P=0.06%) and the anterior orbital fatty tissue volume (0.64, P=0.23%) were more closely correlated with the degree of exophthalmos than was extraocular muscle volume (0.58, P=0.8%). Moreover, the volume increment of extraocular muscle and orbital fatty tissue was not always proportional. CONCLUSION: The results show that the orbital fatty tissue involvement is closely related to the degree of exophthalmos. For studying exophthalmos in TAO, the volumetric change, not only in ocular muscles, but also in orbital fatty tissue, should be taken into consideration.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2005

The viability of fatty tissues within adipose aspirates after conventional liposuction: a comprehensive study.

This study was conducted to evaluate the viability of fatty tissues within adipose aspirates after conventional liposuction and to examine their potential role as a source of donor material for possible future autogenous fat grafting. Samples of adipose aspirates (group I, n = 8) were obtained from adult female patients who underwent a conventional liposuction of the abdomen. Samples of fresh fatty tissues obtained from adult female patients who underwent an abdominoplasty (group II, n = 8) were cut into small pieces and served as a control. All samples were spun at 50 x g for 10 minutes; fatty tissues were then collected from the middle layer after centrifugation for the following studies: trypan blue vital staining for viable fatty cell counts, glycerol-3-phophatase dehydrogenase (G3PDH) assay for functional evaluation of fatty tissues, and routine pathology for histology of fatty tissues. There was no significant difference of viable fatty cell counts in group I compared with group II (2.57 +/- 0.56 versus 2.74 +/- 0.59 x 10/mL, P = 0.56). G3PGH assay showed a marked decrease of the enzyme activity in group I compared with group II (0.34 +/- 0.13 versus 0.76 +/- 0.13 micro/mL, P < 0.0001). Histologically, the normal structure of fatty tissues was found primarily in both groups. Our results indicate that although fatty tissues within adipose aspirates after conventional liposuction maintain normal structure with near the same number of viable fatty cells compared with fresh ones, they have a less-than-optimal level of cellular function and may not survive well after they are transplanted.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed1992

Estrogens in plasma and fatty tissue from breast cancer patients and women undergoing surgery for non-oncological reasons.

Breast cancer tissue is able to maintain the tissue estradiol level in spite of the massive decrease in plasma estradiol associated with menopause, whereas fatty tissue from breasts with malignancies more closely reflects the changes in plasma. In the present study estrone and estradiol levels in fatty tissues from different origins were compared to evaluate the capacity of distant fatty tissues to act as estrogen reservoirs. Abdominal fat was obtained from 25 premenopausal and 20 postmenopausal women who underwent surgery for non-oncological reasons. Estrone and estradiol levels in these tissues were compared to those in breast fatty tissue from breast cancer patients. Plasma estrogen levels were not different in the two groups. In both groups, median plasma estradiol levels dropped sharply with menopause (from 363 to 40 pmol/l in breast cancer patients; from 280 to 45 pmol/l in the non-oncological patients; p less than 0.002), whereas a significant decrease in plasma estrone was observed only in the breast cancer patients (from 238 to 140 pmol/l; p less than 0.02). In premenopausal women, median estrone and estradiol levels in breast fatty tissue (1135 and 375 fmol/g, respectively) and abdominal tissue (1390 and 470 fmol/g, respectively) were not different. In postmenopausal women, however, significantly higher estrone levels (663 vs. 508 fmol/g; p less than 0.01) and estradiol levels (245 vs. 187 fmol/g; p less than 0.02) were found in abdominal fatty tissue. In view of the absolute estrogen levels in breast and abdominal fatty tissue and in plasma, we conclude, however, that it is unlikely that remote fat contributes substantially to the maintenance of estrogen levels in breast cancer tissue.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the fatty tissue of breast and lung cancer patients].

Content of cAMP was studied in fatty tissue of 33 patients with tumor of mammary gland, of 27 patients with tumor of lung tissue and of 27 persons (15 men and 12 women), which constituted the control group. A procedure involving competitive binding of the nucleotide with protein was used. The data obtained were related to the size and amount of adipocytes in fatty tissue. The size of adipocytes was distinctly larger and content of cAMP in fatty tissue was slightly lower in patients with tumor of mammary gland as compared with the corresponding controls. With ageing content of fatty tissue cAMP tended to increase in men and to decrease in women. Negative correlation between the content of cAMP in fatty tissue (pM per kg of body mass) and the size of adipocytes, characteristic for the control group, was not found in the patients with the both forms of tumor. Significance of impairments in synthesis of cAMP in adipocytes for development of specific metabolic patterns of adipose tissue in oncological patients is discussed.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed2002

Determination of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the perirenal and dorsal fatty tissues of pigs.

The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of the perirenal fatty tissue for the determination of an organochlorine pesticide. Fatty tissue samples were prepared by the matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) method, and pesticide levels were determined by gas chromatography on capillary column using an electron capture detector. Results were confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system. The results showed that the perirenal fatty tissue contained significantly higher levels of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) than the dorsal fatty tissue (P < 0.01). All the levels were below the criteria for maximum residue limits established by Croatia and the EU.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1990

[An echographic assessment of fatty tissue distribution and its relation to metabolic complications in patients with obesity].

A new echographic method for the measurement of the fatty tissue in the abdominal region is proposed--subcutaneous (A) and intra-abdominal (B). The method was applied in 38 obese patients. It was established that the ratio waist measurement/haunch measurement correlates moderately with the intraabdominal fatty tissue in men (r = 0.744, p less than 0.01) and to a smaller extent in women (r = 0.457, p less than 0.05). In both sexes with the so-called pathologic obesity/android in women and hyperandroid in men) a large accumulation of visceral fatty tissue is found. In the patients wit obesity accompanied by metabolic complications a considerably greater amount of intraabdominal fatty tissue is found compared to that in the patients without complications. A new index--B/A which is the ratio between the intraabdominal and the subcutaneous fatty tissue is proposed for the assessment of the deposition of fat.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2002

Functional anatomy of the tensor veli palatini muscle and Ostmann's fatty tissue.

This study examined morphological features of the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVPM) and Ostmann's fatty tissue that may be important for eustachian tube (ET) ventilation. Histologic sections through the midcartilaginous ET from 17 human temporal bone-ET specimens (age range. 3 months to 88 years) were used to assess 1) the presence or absence of attachment of the TVPM fibers to either the perichondrium of the ET cartilage lateral lamina (LL) or a tendinous membrane along the medial margin of the TVPM, 2) the angular relationship between the TVPM fibers and the vertical axis of the ET lumen, and 3) the location of the TVPM and Ostmann's fatty tissue. The TVPM fibers were attached to the LL perichondrium in 14 cases; an attachment was absent in 3 cases because of fatty atrophy of the TVPM. However, the TVPM fibers were inserted into the tendonlike membrane in all cases. The angle of insertion of TVPM fibers into the membrane was significantly more acute (relative to the vertical ET axis) in the inferior aspect than in the superior aspect of the membrane both in young children (3 months to 4 years; mean +/- SD, 39.0 degrees +/- 15.1 degrees superiorly to 23.8 degrees +/- 17.0 degrees inferiorly) and in older subjects (8 to 88 years, 30.4 degrees +/- 11.6 degrees superiorly to 15.7 degrees +/- 11.2 degrees inferiorly; t-test, p < .001). The location of Ostmann's fatty tissue accompanied the TVPM throughout the cartilaginous ET. These data suggest that contraction of the TVPM moves the LL inferolaterally to open the superior aspect more than the inferior aspect of the lumen and that Ostmann's fatty tissue will limit the opening of the ET lumen, especially that of its inferior aspect.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1996

Cellular proliferative activity of mammographic normal dense and fatty tissue determined by DNA S phase percentage.

A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate associations among mammographic normal dense and fatty tissue, benign histologic findings, and cellular proliferative activity determined by DNA S phase percentages. Mammographic and histologic findings of benign, normal dense and fatty tissue contained in 100 excised specimens were cross-tabulated with flow cytometric DNA S phase percentages of needle aspirates obtained under radiographic guidance. Histologic evidence of atypia or hyperplasia was present in 21 (32%) of 66 fatty tissue samples and 11 (32%) of 34 dense tissue samples (p = NS). The median S phase percentages were identical for mammographic fatty and dense tissue (median % S phase = 5.35). The frequency of high S phase percentages (above the median) was not significantly different for tissue containing atypia or hyperplasia, 47% (15 of 32), as compared to tissue containing other benign histology, 52% (35 of 68) (p = NS). These frequencies were similar in women 49 and younger or 50 and older. These data show that mammographic normal dense and fatty tissues contain similar frequencies of histologic atypia or hyperplasia and low and high cellular proliferative activity determined by DNA S phase percentages in women aged 49 and younger and 50 and older.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

[Comparative levels of amphotericin B in the skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue after cutaneous application of amphotericin ointment by phonophoresis and with preliminary treatment by dimethyl sulfoxide].

A comparative study of the amphotericin B contents in the skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue was performed on guinea pigs after local application of amphotericin ointment by phonophoresis and with preliminary treatment of the skin by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). When the amphotericin ointment was used in combination with ultrasound the content of amphotericin B in the skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue 1, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the application was much higher than that after the ointment local application without the ultrasonic treatment. When the amphotericin ointment was applied locally after the preliminary treatment with DMSO the maximum content of the antibiotic in the skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue was observed 3 hours after the application which was significantly higher than the content observed after the ointment application by phonophoresis and especially locally without the ultrasonic treatment. In 24, 48 and 72 hours the amphotericin B concentration in the skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue under any conditions lowered and in 24 hours had a tendency to level in the areas treated with ultrasound and DMSO. In 48 and 72 hours the highest concentrations of the antibiotic were in the skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue after the ointment application by phonophoresis.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2005

Adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism and cardiovascular disease.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Fatty acid and triacylglycerol metabolism in adipose tissue may be involved in the generation of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Pharmaceutical companies are targeting adipocyte metabolism in their search for drugs for treating, or reducing the risk of, these conditions. We review new developments in adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism and how that might relate to cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Fatty acid release from human adipose tissue is oscillatory, with a period of about 12 min. Remarkably, oscillatory fatty acid release is also seen in isolated adipocytes. Further evidence has emerged that not all adipose depots are equal, and that lower-body adipose tissue may exert protective effects against cardiovascular disease. There have been a number of developments in the area of fatty acid handling by adipocytes. Fatty acid binding proteins are clearly important in regulating fatty acid metabolism, with striking protection against atherosclerosis in mice deficient in both the binding proteins expressed in adipocytes. The demonstration that adipocytes lacking hormone-sensitive lipase still display lipolysis has led to the identification of novel lipases that may play crucial roles in adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism. Further evidence has accrued of the interaction between hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin, the protein that coats the adipocyte lipid droplet. SUMMARY: Recent developments in our understanding of adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism open up the possibility of new pharmaceutical targets. However, interference with adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism is not to be undertaken lightly and needs a clear understanding of the normal role of adipocyte lipolysis.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

[Electron microscopic and radioautographic study of nucleic acid synthesis in normal fatty tissue and lipomas].

Electron microscopic radioautography was used to study nucleic acid synthesis in the normal fatty tissue and lipomas of different degree of maturity. Destroyed adipocytes were found in the investigated varieties of the fatty tissue. In a slow-growing Madelung's lipoma such adipocytes occurred in a greater amount than in the normal fatty tissue and nongrowing lipomas. 3H-Thymidine was mainly incorporated by endotheliocytes and pericytes, whereas Madelung's lipoma contained a greater number of labeled cells. Based on the data obtained it is suggested that the replenishment of adipocytes occurs at the expense of the proliferation of vascular wall cells.

Adipose Tissue↗