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Village family planning volunteers in Indonesia: their role in the family planning programme.

Family planning was once a sensitive issue in Indonesia, but today it is considered essential. This paper reports on a study in 1997-98 of the role of village family planning volunteers and the cadres who worked under them in West Java, Central Java and DI Yogyakarta, in implementing the national family planning programme in Indonesia. A total of 108 village family planning volunteers, 108 family planning cadres, 108 local leaders and 324 couples eligible for family planning from 36 villages in the three provinces were interviewed. The volunteers and cadres have made a significant contribution to the implementation of the family planning programme. They promote family planning, organise meetings, provide information, organise income-generation activities, give savings and credit assistance, collect and report data and deliver other family welfare services. Teachers, wives of government officials and others recognised by the community as better off in terms of education and living conditions were most often identified to become family planning volunteers. Because they are women and because they are the most distant arm of the programme, their work is taken for granted. As their activities are directed towards women, especially in women's traditional roles, the programme tends to entrench the existing gender gap in responsibility for family planning and family welfare.

Community Health Services↗

Differentials in fertility, family planning practice, and family size values in South Korea, 1965-1971.

Data from five Korean national KAP surveys of currently married women, conducted between 1965 and 1971, are analyzed to determine whether differentials have emerged or are emerging between urban and rural women in three factors of crucial importance for population growth: fertility, family planning practice, and family size values. Graphics are used throughout to analyze urban-rural differentials and trends in these factors over time. In addition, two statistical tests, the sign and binomial, are applied to the differentials to provide a tabular summary of results. Part I provides background information on population growth, urbanization, the achievements of the national family planning program, and economic development in Korea since the 1950's. Part II describes both urban-rural differentials in fertility, as measured by mean parity, for married women aged 30-39 between 1966 and 1971; and urban-rural differentials in the proportions of women aged 25-39 currently practicing family planning between 1965 and 1971. Part III analyzes urban-rural differences in ideal family size and ideal number of sons, controlling for number of living children and number of living sons. Part IV attempts to evaluate the impact of the national family planning program on the fertility, family planning practice, and family size values of the rural population by examining the findings on urban-rural differentials in the context of social and economic development, viewing the program as one of a multitude of variables that can affect these factors.

Adult↗

The provision of family planning services by family doctors in a health board region.

A survey was carried out to ascertain the extent of family planning services provided by family doctors. Of the 134 doctors surveyed, 119 (88.8%) replied. Of these 97 (81.5%) were male, 30 (25.2%) were aged less than 40 and 22 (18.5%) were greater than 60. Sixty-four (53.8%) worked in single-handed practices, 52(43.7%) were vocationally trained, 101 (84.9%) had the MICGP or equivalent and 42 (35.3%) had a family planning certificate. Of the 119 respondents, 99 (83.2%) give instruction in natural family planning methods, 114 (95.8%) prescribe oral contraceptives, 102 (85.7%) prescribe the "morning after pill", 40 (33.6%) fit diaphragms and 17 (14.3%) fit intrauterine devices. Only 3 (2.5%) perform male sterilisations. Doctors aged less than 60 years were 1.3 times more likely to prescribe oral contraceptives (p < 0.0001), and were four times more likely to fit diaphragms (p < 0.01). Doctors who hold a family planning certificate were 2.4 times more likely to fit diaphragms (p < 0.001) and were 2.5 times more likely to fit intrauterine devices. As to who should provide these services, the family doctor was the preferred option for 95 (79.8%) with regard to natural family planning, 107 (89.9%) for the contraceptive pill, 76 (63.9%) for the diaphragm, 58 (48.7%) for the intrauterine device, 45 (37.8%) for male sterilisations and 4 (3.4%) for female sterilisations. Younger doctors and those with a family planning certificate were more likely to say that family doctors should provide these services.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

Attitudes toward family planning, marriage, and family size among unmarried women in Korea.

Data from the 1973 National Fertility and Family Planning Survey show that young unmarried women aged 18-27 desire small families and support family planning. These women express a lower son preference than did young currently married women surveved in 1973 and earlier. A majority of the respondents approve of the "stop at two" slogen of the family planning association, and they want to obtain more information about contraception before marrying. Unfortunately, survey results show that present sources of contraceptive information, including the schools, have not proved adequate.

Abortion, Induced↗

Statutory prohibition on use of appropriated funds in programs where abortion is a method of family planning; standard of compliance for family planning services projects--PHS. Final rules.

The Public Health Service (PHS) amends the regulations governing the use of funds for family planning services under Title X of the Public Health Service Act in order to set specific standards for compliance with the statutory requirement that none of the funds appropriated under Title X may be used in programs where abortion is a method of family planning. It is expected that the amendments will improve compliance by grantees with the statute and facilitate monitoring of compliance by PHS.

Abortion, Induced↗