Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “FAMILY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Family relationships, parenting practices, the availability of male family members, and the behavior of inner-city boys in single-mother and two-parent families.

The primary goal of this study was to clarify if and how differences in the functioning of single-mother and two-parent families relate to the occurrence of behavioral problems among inner-city boys (ages 10-15). Data were collected on family relationships, parenting practices, the positive influence of male family members, and the severity of externalizing behavior problems. Results indicated that (1) multiple family risk factors contribute to the occurrence of behavior problems; (2) most family risk factors were generalizable to both single-mother and two-parent families; (3) although boys in single-mother families were at greater risk for developing behavior problems than boys in two-parent families, the risks associated with single motherhood were offset by a structured family environment, an effective disciplinary strategy that allowed for some degree of adolescent autonomy, and the positive involvement of a male family member; and (4) not all differences in the functioning of single-mother and two-parent families were associated with problem behavior, underscoring the importance of distinguishing between adaptive and maladaptive aspects of single-mother family functioning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The Cincinnati Myocardial Infarction and Hormone Family Study: family resemblance for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in control and myocardial infarction families.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) was examined in random (control) and nonrandom (case) families participating in the Cincinnati Myocardial Infarction and Hormone (CIMIH) family study. The case families were ascertained through white men who survived a myocardial infarction (MI) before the age of 56, whereas control families were recruited through advertisements and through an adolescent boy maturation study. Both familial correlations and genetic effects of DHEAS were investigated. First, maximum likelihood estimates of the sex-specific familial correlations (corrected for nonrandom ascertainment) suggested that there was significant heterogeneity between the two sampling types. This heterogeneity was isolated to the male sibling correlation, which was higher in the case than control families. Post hoc analyses suggested that the sibling group heterogeneity may be in part a function of age, since the control sample offspring were on average much younger than those in case families. No sex differences other than those for the siblings were noted in the familial correlations. Second, heritability was investigated in control families using a simple path model (TAU) that allowed for sex differences. The only significant model parameter was the sex-specific familiarity (combined polygenic and familial environmental effects), which was larger in females (74%) than in males (29%). In general, these analyses suggested that (1) DHEAS may play only a limited role in the increased risk for premature MI, and (2) the degree of heritable (familial) variation may be dependent on sex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Family involvement in the nursing home: family-oriented practices and staff-family relationships.

Staff-family cooperation in caring for elders in nursing homes is recommended but poorly understood. Family involvement and staff-family interactions in nursing homes with differing family orientations were investigated. Friedemann's (1995) system-based family theory guided the study. Of all 208 licensed nursing homes in southern Michigan, 143 completed a survey about their family-oriented practices. Family orientation was ranked accordingly. Twenty-four nursing homes were randomly selected to conduct semistructured telephone interviews with 177 family members. Data were analyzed by thematic interpretation. Findings showed a wide range of involvement patterns that promoted family connectedness, maintenance of control, growth, and learning. Families desired various types of staff cooperation and were given such opportunities in homes with high family orientation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family functioning in families providing care for a family member with schizophrenia.

The purpose of this study is to explore the influences of family coping behaviors, psychological distress, social support, and patient behavioral problems on family functioning in families providing care for a member with schizophrenia. Family stress theory provided the theoretical framework for this study. A convenience sample of 58 families providing care for a family member with schizophrenia was recruited from a metropolitan area in a southeastern state. The majority of the caregivers were mothers who were married and college educated. The mean age of the caregiver was 59 years, with an average of 17 years in providing care for the family member. Findings indicate that family psychological distress and patient behavioral problems are important factors in family functioning. This knowledge may be useful for mental health nurses in assessing families and developing nursing interventions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Defining family in family medicine: perceived family vs household structure in an urban black population.

This paper explores two hypotheses: first, that household structure, the people who live in one's household, and perceived family, the people one considers members of one's family, are different entities among urban black pregnant women; and second, that the perceived family is a stronger predictor of social, psychological, and health outcomes than is household structure. The study data are from the first interview of a prospective study of a consecutive sample of 140 black pregnant women patients of a Cleveland, Ohio, university hospital family practice center. The study hypotheses are supported: household structure and perceived family differ in their size and the inclusion or exclusion of members of the family of origin and the father of the baby. Household structure is strongly correlated with demographic variables such as age, socioeconomic status, and household income, whereas perceived family is less strongly associated with these measures. Perceived family, but not household structure, is associated with family functioning, measures of psychological status, worries about household change, and better family and parental relationships during the woman's childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Mendel-GFDb and Mendel-ESTS: databases of plant gene families and ESTs annotated with gene family numbers and gene family names.

There is no control over the information provided with sequences when they are deposited in the sequence databases. Consequently mistakes can seed the incorrect annotation of other sequences. Grouping genes into families and applying controlled annotation overcomes the problems of incorrect annotation associated with individual sequences. Two databases (http://www.mendel.ac.uk) were created to apply controlled annotation to plant genes and plant ESTs: Mendel-GFDb is a database of plant protein (gene) families based on gapped-BLAST analysis of all sequences in the SWISS-PROT family of databases. Sequences are aligned (ClustalW) and identical and similar residues shaded. The families are visually curated to ensure that one or more criteria, for example overall relatedness and/or domain similarity relate all sequences within a family. Sequence families are assigned a 'Gene Family Number' and a unified description is developed which best describes the family and its members. If authority exists the gene family is assigned a 'Gene Family Name'. This information is placed in Mendel-GFDb. Mendel-ESTS is primarily a database of plant ESTs, which have been compared to Mendel-GFDb, completely sequenced genomes and domain databases. This approach associated ESTs with individual sequences and the controlled annotation of gene families and protein domains; the information being placed in Mendel-ESTS. The controlled annotation applied to genes and ESTs provides a basis from which a plant transcription database can be developed.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed1987

Linkage analysis using multiple Xq DNA polymorphisms in normal families, families with the fragile X syndrome, and other families with X linked conditions.

Multipoint linkage analysis was undertaken with eight Xq cloned DNA sequences which identify one or more restriction fragment length polymorphisms in 26 families. These families comprise seven phase known normal families with three or more males in the third generation, seven families segregating for haemophilia B, one large family with dyskeratosis congenita, and 11 families with the fragile X syndrome. Phase known meioses informative for three or more loci supported the order centromere--DXYS1--DXS107--DXS102, DXS51--F9--FRAXA--DXS15, DXS52, F8--Xqter in each group of families studied. One of the normal families was segregating for protan colour blindness and showed a phase known recombination which would support the order centromere--F9--DXS52--CBP--Xqter. With the exception of DXYS1, all of these sequences have been localised to Xq27----qter by in situ hybridisation or hybridisation to Xq fragment panels, and on this basis should lie within 20 cM of one another. No recombination was observed between the sequences localised to Xq28, namely DXS52, F8, and DXS15 (between DXS15 and DXS52 Z = 12.25 at theta = 0 with confidence limits of 0 to 5 cM). However, an excess of recombination was apparent in the region of FRAXA with maximal lod scores as follows: F9 versus FRAXA (Z = 2.05, theta = 0.19), DXS52 versus FRAXA (Z = 1.85, theta = 0.26), and DXS15 versus FRAXA (Z = 1.33, theta = 0.27). No consistent differences were observed in the frequency of recombination when families with the fragile X syndrome were compared with normal families or families segregating for other X linked conditions. These results are compared with other published work and support the conclusion that although measurable linkage exists between these flanking markers and FRAXA, the intervals as measured by the frequency of meiotic recombination will seriously limit their clinical usefulness.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2003

The family systems approach to treating families of persons with brain injury: a potential collaboration between family therapist and brain injury professional.

Although brain injury may have a great impact on the family as a whole, family reactions are not adequately addressed in rehabilitative programmes. When they are, treatment tends to be approached from a family education and support perspective and not from a family therapy perspective. The aim of the following paper is to illustrate the important role that a family systems approach can play in treating families of individuals with brain injury. In particular, clinical examples taken from the literature will be presented that illustrate how family roles can be modified as a consequence of a brain injury, and the importance of re-establishing or re-distributing these roles. It will be argued that an intimate collaboration between family therapist and brain injury professional is essential, and that the ideal professional make-up of clinicians working with families of persons with brain injury are those well-versed in both brain injury rehabilitation and family therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The family circle method for integrating family systems concepts in family medicine.

The family circle method is a process that allows individuals to draw a schematic diagram of their family system. It is closely allied with family systems theory and family medicine philosophy. The method is readily understandable with brief instructions. Individuals can create a family circle drawing in as little as two or three minutes. Once instructions are given, the presence of the physician is not required during the drawing. Family circle drawings will often illustrate, in graphic form, patterns of closeness and distance, of power and decision making, of family alliances and boundaries. The drawings provide at a glance an overview of the family system as seen by the person who does the drawing. The drawings are a rich source of information concerning family dynamics and are useful for setting goals for changes in the family system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Redefining the psychosomatic family: family process of 26 eating disorder families.

This paper reports part of the data from a comparative trial of two forms of family intervention for the management of eating disorders in adolescents. Measures of family process at the beginning of treatment included Expressed Emotion (EE) and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES). EE in the families of both anorexic and bulimic patients were, on the whole, at low levels. The low levels of parental Critical Comments might be taken to represent the conflict avoiding character of the families of psychosomatic patients. However, the families showed low levels of Emotional Overinvolvement, which contradicts the clinical descriptions. The FACES scores revealed patterns that were superficially contradictory to the accepted clinical descriptions in that the patients appeared to have perceived their families as not close and as highly structured. The parents experienced their family structure as more similar to the clinical descriptions, scoring their families as more flexible and cohesive than do the patients. The FACES ideals for family organization scored by patients and parents more nearly equate with the clinical descriptions of enmeshment and lack of boundary structure. The relationship between the research findings and the clinical evaluation will be discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Familial ovarian cancer. A report of 658 families from the Gilda Radner Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry 1981-1991.

BACKGROUND: Because of the small number of cases (five) reported between 1929 and 1969 and a significant increase reported in the decade of the 1970s, the Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry was established in 1981 to study the occurrence of familial ovarian cancer in the United States. METHODS: Any woman (with or without ovarian cancer herself) who contacted the Registry and demonstrated a familial history of ovarian cancer was added to the Registry as an index case. RESULTS: From 1981 through May 31, 1991, 658 families for a total of 1568 cases of familial ovarian cancer were accessioned into the Registry. Of the 219 mothers and 251 daughters with familial ovarian cancer, the mean (58.5 years) and median (57.0 years) age at diagnosis of the mothers was significantly older than the mean (49.8 years) and median (49.0 years) ages of their daughters with ovarian cancer. Significantly more index cases without ovarian cancer had used oral contraceptives as compared to index cases with ovarian cancer (P < 0.001). Significantly more index cases with ovarian cancer used other estrogens as compared to index cases without ovarian cancer (P < 0.001). The Registry cases exhibited a higher proportion of serous adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, borderline carcinoma, and gonadoblastoma as compared to the 1978 SEER data. Mother and a minimum of one daughter was the most common relationship and was represented in 49.5% of the families with familial ovarian cancer. Sister-sister relationships were the second most frequent and accounted for 38.5% of the 658 families. CONCLUSIONS: Familial ovarian cancer occurs most frequently in mother-daughter relationships followed by sister-sister and appears to be an autosomal dominant inheritance with variable penetrance.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A study on family communication space (Part II)--A study on spatial utilization for, and familial consciousness of, family communication].

Part II, based on the findings of Part I, tries to identify family Communication by delving into how it is actually practiced in view of spatial conditions within a house, and familial consciousness. Specific spatial conditions have been sampled of the housing of students at women's junior colleges, and how their family members mutually Communicate and evaluate it has been analyzed. Their views of "family" have also been examined. The findings are as follows: 1) The number of rooms, and the width of the room(s) used for family Communication are major determining factors in separating family Communication from other living activities. 2) The above separation is affected by whether family Communication is practiced in a Japanese-style room or a Western-style one. 3) The perceptual difference of the consent of "family" among a family members principally determines how they engage in family Communication and how they evaluate it. It has proved to be necessary to consider, for a spatial analysis, what kind of posture each member takes when mutually Communicating, seeking comfort and relaxation at home.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Family stressor events, family coping, and adolescent adaptation in farm and ranch families.

Data from 77 adolescents in farm and ranch families were used to examine the relationship of demographic variables, family stressor events, and family coping strategies to adolescent adaptation. Results indicated that adolescent age and family transitions were positively related to individual stress. Males reported less family stress than did females. Seeking spiritual support was negatively related to family stress, while the perceived impact of the farm crisis was positively related to family stress. Family support was positively related, and family substance use issues were negatively related, to adolescent satisfaction with family life. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Immunological associations in familial and non-familial Alzheimer patients and their families.

A number of autoimmune diseases and immune-related conditions were investigated in a series of 100 Alzheimer patients and their families. The group was divided into those who had familial dementia of the Alzheimer type and non-familial dementia of the Alzheimer type. HLA DR3 was associated with the familial dementia of the Alzheimer type patients. Adult exposure to tuberculosis appeared to be a risk factor for familial dementia of the Alzheimer type patients. Autoimmune diseases clustered among the non-familial dementia of the Alzheimer type patients, and also among their relatives. Asthma and infertility were also significantly increased among non-familial dementia of the Alzheimer type relatives. The analysis showed that (1) autoimmunity may be important in the sporadic form of Alzheimer disease; (2) it may be possible to confer a decreased risk for Alzheimer disease among relatives when many autoimmune diseases occur in the family; (3) it may be important to assess environmental risk factors for Alzheimer disease separately in patients with familial and sporadic disease; and (4) the efficacy of drug therapies may be dependent on whether the patients have a familial or sporadic form of Alzheimer disease.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed2004

Family-level impact of the CHAMP Family Program: a community collaborative effort to support urban families and reduce youth HIV risk exposure.

This article presents family-level results from an ongoing study examining the impact of the CHAMP (Chicago HIV prevention and Adolescent Mental health Project) Family Program, a family-based HIV preventative intervention meant to reduce the amount of time spent in situations of sexual possibility and delay initiation of sexual activity for urban youth in the 4th and 5th grades living in neighborhoods with high rates of HIV infection. The CHAMP Family Program has been developed, delivered, and overseen by a collaborative partnership, consisting of community parents, school staff, community-based agency representatives, and university-based researchers. Design of the program was informed by input from this collaborative partnership, child developmental theory of sexual risk, and empirical data gathered from the targeted community. This article presents findings that suggest CHAMP Family Program impact on family communication, family decision-making, and family-level influences hypothesized to be related to later adolescent HIV risk. Implications for future family-based HIV prevention research are discussed here.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Present-day families--anti-family families?].

Alternative forms of living had their origin in the 1968-movement, which opposed directly the family. Meanwhile, this critical impulse has born many divergent forms of alternative living. Some of them have a family-analogue character together with a critical intention towards families. Thus, they are called here "Anti-Family-Families". They meet difficulties which can neither be understood by clinical theory of neurosis nor by a theory of family dynamics alone; a reconsideration of cultural and societal change must be included. This influence of change on therapeutic process is an unanswered challenge for the family therapist, who meets the influence of alternatively changed family life even in the treatment of "normal" families.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cincinnati myocardial infarction and hormone family study: family resemblance for testosterone in random and MI families.

Familial correlations for total testosterone and free testosterone were examined in both random and nonrandom families participating in the Cincinnati Myocardial Infarction and Hormone Family Study (CIMIH). The non-random families were ascertained through Caucasian males who had survived a myocardial infarction (MI) prior to age 56 years, while random families were recruited largely through an adolescent boy maturation study. Eight sex-specific familial correlations were estimated (father-mother, father-son, father-daughter, mother-son, mother-daughter, son-son, daughter-daughter, and son-daughter) for each of the MI and random samples using maximum likelihood methods with appropriate ascertainment correction. These familial correlations were examined for differences between the random and MI samples, as well as for sex-specific familial patterns. The results suggest that total testosterone levels may have a limited role in determining MI risk, as evidenced by the overall heterogeneity between samples, and lower serum levels in MI than random probands. The pattern of correlations for both androgens suggests that a simple genetic model appears unlikely; however, familiarity cannot be ruled out. Although possible covariate effects such as age and sex may have masked some potentially significant results, especially in males, familiarity in females is suggested (correlations ranging from .3-.9). The relative stability of these hormones in females as compared to that in males may have contributed to its identification, and suggests the familial transmissibility may be associated with adrenal production and/or metabolic clearance of testosterone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Familial correlations in the Québec family study: cross-trait familial resemblance for body fat with plasma glucose and insulin.

This study represents one component in our investigation of the familial factors underlying the insulin resistance (or metabolic) syndrome involving obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. Here we examine the cross-trait familial resemblance between four measures of body size (two assessing total fat [body mass index and sum of six skinfolds] and two assessing fat patterning [ratio of trunk skinfold sum to extremity skinfold sum, adjusted and unadjusted for total subcutaneous fat]) with fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and the ratio of insulin to glucose (IGR) in non-diabetic families participating in phase 1 of the Québec Family Study. A bivariate familial correlation model assessed both intraindividual (e.g. father's body size with father's insulin) and interindividual (e.g. father's body size with son's insulin) cross-trait associations. Intraindividual correlations suggested a greater degree of cross-trait associations for body fat (rather than fat distribution) measures with insulin and the IGR (rather than with glucose) levels. While the intraindividual correlations were significant for most cross-trait comparisons, only the sum of six skinfolds evidenced any familial association (i.e. interindividual resemblance) with insulin and the IGR. Specifically, cross-trait parent-offspring (but not sibling or spouse) correlations were significant, with a bivariate familiality estimate (i.e. polygenic and/or common familial environment) of about 8%. While the lack of sibling correlations does not suggest a simple familial hypothesis, a more complex genetic effect underlying the common covariation between total body fat with insulin and IGR cannot be ruled out.

Adolescent↗