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PubMed2006

[Endophthalmitis in war and peace penetrating eye injuries].

BACKGROUND/AIM: Nowadays, eye injuries are a leading cause of one-eye disease or blindness worldwide. The aim of this study was to comparatively analyze the frequency of endophthalmitis following war and peace eye injuries. METHODS: All the patients went throught the detailed ophthalmologic examinations, prophylactic antibiotic treatment, and pars plana vitrectomies (VPP), or other required surgical interventions. RESULTS: Inside the period from 1991 to 1998, 647 patients with eye injuries were hospitalized, out of which 500 with penetrating eye injuries. In the period 1999-2004, 611 patients with eye injuries, were treated, out of which 297 had penetrating eye injuries. Out of 500 patients with war penetrating eye injuries, in 286 of the cases intrabulbar foreign bodies (IFB) were detected. The signs of endophthalmitis were observed in 26 eyes (5.2%) at admission. Out of totally 297 peace penetrating eye injuries, 196 (66%) were IBF. In 25 eyes (8.4%) endophthalmitis was observed. CONCLUSION: In our study, the frequency of posttraumatic endophthalmitis following penetrating war eye injuries was relatively low, even lower than the frequency of endophthalmitis following peace eye injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Vitrectomy in penetrating eye injury. Results of a controlled trial of vitrectomy in an experimental posterior penetrating eye injury in the rhesus monkey.

A controlled trial of pars plana vitrectomy for posterior penetrating eye injury was done in rhesus monkeys. After standard injury, each eye was allocated randomly into a treatment or control group. Treatment groups (ten eyes each) had vitrectomy at 1, 14, or 70 days after injury. The control group had 15 eyes. The same techniques were employed as in human eyes. Surgical objectives were lensectomy, then complete posterior vitrectomy and excision of the anterior vitreous to within 1 or 2 mm of the surface of the peripheral retina and pars plana. Results from this controlled trial provide strong support for the effectiveness of vitrectomy techniques in managing selected posterior penetrating injuries in human eyes and in preventing the complication of traction retinal detachment.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Traumatic injuries: office treatment of eye injury. 1. Injury due to foreign materials.

Patients with eye injuries caused by foreign materials are often seen by the primary physician. The causative agents may be foreign objects, noxious liquids or vapors, ultraviolet irradiation, or contact lenses. Injuries caused by foreign bodies that do not penetrate the outer coats of the eye can be treated by the nonspecialist; the intraocular presence of an object requires prompt referral to an ophthalmologist. Ultraviolet light irradiation and contact lenses worn for a prolonged period cause a great deal of pain to the eye but injury is not serious and the eye heals well. Injury from chemicals may be moderate or severe; if pain and functional impairment persist after copious irrigation of the eye with sterile saline solution, the patient should be referred to an ophthalmologist.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed1992

Shotgun eye injuries. Ocular risk and eye protection efficacy.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the efficacy of shotgun eye protection. Shotguns can easily propel pellets with enough energy to penetrate the human eye, and a large percentage of shotgun eye injuries occur during shotgun sports such as hunting, trap, skeet, and sporting clays. Many of these injuries are preventable with proper eye protection. Although it is known that polycarbonate is the best lens material for shotgun eye protection, there has been no research that addresses the vision protective system design and its influence on eye protection. METHODS: A field study was performed during which shotshells were fired at 1:1 scale photographs of human faces to determine the risk of ocular trauma. The protective efficacy of three types of polycarbonate protective eye wear (standard industrial safety glasses with snap-on side shields, wrap-around racket sport glasses, and three-piece glasses with integral side shields) was tested by firing shotshells at them at various distances. Both frontal and side protection was evaluated. RESULTS: Results showed that the eye is at a high risk (55% to 100%) of being hit with shot pellets at ranges of 15 to 40 yards. It also was determined that the protective eye wear will give good frontal eye protection from shotgun pellets but integral side shields and a headband are necessary to obtain adequate side protection. CONCLUSION: These findings, coupled with the poor visual prognosis of ocular shotgun injuries, indicate that polycarbonate protective eye wear with integral side shields and headbands should be worn by all involved with shotgun sports.

Eye Injuries, Penetrating↗
PubMed1989

Eye injury in sport.

Eye injury sustained during sport is increasing in incidence worldwide, reflecting the rise in popularity of sport as recreation. It can account for up to 25% of severe eye injuries. This paper considers the historical context and demography of sports injuries, and the physical mechanisms and results of various types of ocular trauma in relation to sport. It reviews the specific problems associated with the sports considered to be most important in the epidemiology of eye injuries today. Certain sports, such as boxing, have an intrinsic risk of injury so high that some consider the sport should be banned. The risk of injury in many sports can be mitigated by changes in rules, such as the prevention of high sticking in ice hockey. Other sports with high risk of trauma could be made far safer with the widespread introduction of eye protection, and this applies especially to squash and badminton. The various types of eye protection are discussed. There is an urgent need to increase awareness of the risk of eye injury, to teach safe techniques, and to encourage the use of appropriate ocular protective wear in those at high risk of injury, especially the one-eyed.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1979

Eye injuries.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Eye Injuries↗
PubMed1984

Eye injuries and ocular protection in the Lebanon War, 1982.

There was a high incidence of ocular trauma (6.8% of all casualties) in the Lebanon War, 1982, which is similar to the rates in previous Arab-Israeli wars. Combat in the Lebanon War consisted of both armored warfare and infantry operations, with much of the fighting taking place in built-up areas. Consequently, there were two main types of ocular injuries: perforating eye injuries caused by the small high-velocity missiles that characterize armored combat, and a wide range of injuries to the eye caused by ricochets during combat in built-up areas. The latter injuries varied in severity from complete destruction of the eye to minor corneal erosions. Not a single eye was injured in soldiers who had ballistic protective goggles properly placed over the eyes at the time of injury. Most of the ocular trauma could have been prevented had the goggles been in universal use. A considerable degree of eye protection is also afforded by ordinary ophthalmic eyeglasses.

Eye Foreign Bodies↗
PubMed1992

Penetration eye injuries in the workplace. The National Eye Trauma System Registry.

Occupational eye injuries are common and preventable. Between 1985 and 1991, there were 635 work-related penetrating eye injuries among the 2939 cases (22%) reported to the National Eye Trauma System Registry by 48 collaborating centers in 28 states and Washington, DC. The median age of the injured workers was 30 years; 75% were younger than 40 years; and 97% were male. The commonest causes of injuries were projectiles (457 cases), sharp objects (166 cases), blunt objects (60 cases), and blasts (22 cases); these terms are not mutually exclusive. Specific objects causing injuries included nails, wire, screwdrivers, and other hand tools. There was evidence of alcohol use by at least 2% of the injured workers. When they were injured, 6% of the workers were wearing safety glasses; 3% were wearing nonsafety eyewear. Posterior segment trauma, which occurred in 63% of the cases, included vitreous hemorrhage (42%), intraocular foreign bodies (35%), and retinal detachment (10%). Hyphema occurred in 35% and traumatic cataract in 32% of the cases. Initial visual acuity after injury was hand motion or worse in 43% of the cases. National Eye Trauma System Registry data are useful to identify strategies to prevent occupational eye injuries such as wider use of safety glasses and improvement in engineering controls.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1984

Eye injuries in agriculture.

To study eye injuries in agriculture we reviewed the case records of 662 patients with eye injuries treated at the Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Tampere between the years 1972 and 1979. Of the whole material 96 (14.5%) were agricultural workers, 74 (77%) male and 22 (23%) female, with the mean age of 43 years. The mean annual incidence of eye injuries in agriculture was 3.46 per 10.000 people which was higher than in industry (1.9 per 10.000 people) but lower than in construction (5.28 per 10.000 people). The use of AIV solution was the most frequent cause of eye injury in farming (6/10) and was the most common cause of all chemical eye burns in agriculture (6/7). Cow butting with horn caused all eye injuries in dairying ; 50% of these were perforating eye injuries. In lumbering , forest work or a flying piece of wood at chopping caused eye injuries in 29 cases including 19 cases with blunt ocular trauma and 8 cases with perforating eye injuries. Hammering was the most frequent cause of injury in repair work (7/16). Unilateral blindness was seen in 17 cases (17.7%). It was caused mostly by cow butting with horn (6 cases) or lumbering (5 cases). The importance of employment of protective eye screen or glasses also in agriculture is pointed out.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology of eye injuries in Abidjanian children].

Eye injuries, most of them preventable, are particularly severe in Africa, because of the risks of infection and delay in treatment. We report a 16-month (March 1997-June 1998) prospective observational survey of eye injuries in children up to the age of 15 years at Treichville-Abidjan University Hospital. During this period, 62 children were treated for these injuries. Ocular traumas represented 4% (n = 245) of new admissions in ophthalmology, and 29% of these injuries occurred in children. The sex ratio was 5:2 boys to girls, and their mean age was 8.66 +/- 3.56 years. Eye injuries occurred most often during play (84%, n = 52). More than 85% (n = 53) of children were alone or without adult supervision at the time of the injury. The causal agent was most often wood (35%) followed by metal (29%). The mean time from injury to hospital admission was 1.8 +/- 0.77 day. Only 19% of patients were admitted the day of injury. Most patients (66%) first sought treatment in a primary care centre. More than 70% (n = 44) of injuries necessitated hospitalisation. Open eyeball wounds were the most common injury (53%) and were associated with endophthalmitis in 16%. The mean recovery of visual acuity was 0.1. At admission, 40 of the injured eyes (64.5%) had monocular blindness; six recovered, for a final blindness rate of 55%. Injuries associated with wooden objects had a final blindness rate of 77% and play-related injuries 63%. The primary posttraumatic sequelae were corneal scars. Eyeball phthysis (14.5%) was secondary to 8 open wounds of the eyeball and one postcontusion retinal detachment. Eye injuries remain a major cause of monocular blindness in children in Cote d'Ivoire. Most of them can be prevented by relatively simple measures including supervision of children and rapid hospitalisation when injury occurs.

Adolescent↗