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PubMed2026

Meta-analysis of prostacyclin therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prostacyclin in the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in four main databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The protocol was registered in advance in the International Prospective of Systematic Reviews (CRD420261325458). RESULTS: A total of nine studies were included involving a total of 7009 infants in this systematic review and meta-analysis. GRADE assessment revealed substantial heterogeneity in the quality of evidence across outcomes, with most outcomes rated very low quality and only one rated moderate quality. Studies were performed meta-analysis, which showed the use of prostacylin resulted a statistically significant decrease in the OI compared to the control group (Mean Difference (MD), 9.34; I2 0%; p < 0.00001), no statistically significant in mortality (OR, 0.83; I2 84%; p = 0.70), ECMO (OR = 4.9; I2 98%; p = 0.27), BNP (std MD, 6.98; I2 98%; p = 0.31), FiO2 (SMD = 8.0;, I2 64%; p = 0.11), Systolic orientation of IVS curvature (SMD = 0.69; I2 97%; p = 0.32), Diastolic orientation of IVS differences (MD = 0.62; I2 93% p = 0.26). After applying the Hartung-Knapp adjustment, with the exception of BNP, the pooled effects of the other outcomes were not statistically significant, and there was high heterogeneity in measures such as ECMO and ventricular septal curvature. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this meta-analysis has confirmed that prostacyclin may temporarily improve oxygenation. However, after applying the Hartung-Knapp adjustment, with the exception of BNP, the pooled effects of the other outcomes were not statistically significant, and there was high heterogeneity in measures such as ECMO and ventricular septal curvature. Further validation through high-quality studies are still needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO: CRD420261325458.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Chemical and sensory profiling of fermented, washed, and artificially flavored coffee beans: Insights into flavour quality, authenticity, and food safety implications.

This study establishes an integrated framework combining chemical profiling, sensory analysis, and molecular mechanism evaluation to compare flavour quality and authenticity among fermented, washed, and artificially flavored coffees. GC × GC-TOF-MS and UHPLC-HRMS showed that fermented samples had markedly higher ester and aromatic alcohol levels (total esters 74.5 ± 7.8 mg kg-1; phenylethanol 27.5 ± 3.2 mg kg-1, p < 0.01), enhancing fruity-floral notes. Washed coffees contained the highest organic acid concentrations (45.2 ± 3.8 mg kg-1, p < 0.01), supporting brightness and umami. Artificially flavored coffees exhibited elevated exogenous aromatics (vanillin 21.5 ± 3.1 mg kg-1) but significantly fewer Maillard products (p < 0.05) and reduced flavour retention (55% after 14 days). Molecular docking revealed higher theoretical binding affinities for naturally generated compounds, suggesting a potential molecular basis for their greater sensory persistence. The framework supports constructing coffee quality fingerprints and verifying flavour authenticity.

Flavoring Agents↗

PubMed2026

Maize ZmMYB59 inhibits post-germinative shoot and root elongation through ZmGA2ox3/10-mediated gibberellin catabolism.

Gibberellin (GA) promotes seed germination, but sustained or excessive GA signaling after germination can lead to aberrant root and shoot elongation. How GA homeostasis is transcriptionally restrained during post-germinative seedling development remains unclear. Using overexpression and gene-edited maize materials, we demonstrate that ZmMYB59 inhibits root and shoot elongation during post-germinative growth. Integrated RNA-Seq and CUT&Tag analyses identified the GA catabolism genes ZmGA2ox3 and ZmGA2ox10 as candidate direct targets of ZmMYB59. Hormone profiling analysis showed elevated bioactive GA1 and GA4 levels in the scutellum and aleurone layer cells of zmmyb59 mutants. Dual-luciferase assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and ChIP-qPCR further confirmed that ZmMYB59 directly binds AC8 cis-elements in the ZmGA2ox3/10 promoters and activates their transcription. The zmga2ox3/10 double mutant, but neither single mutant, exhibited enhanced root and shoot elongation, accompanied by GA4 accumulation. This phenotype was suppressed by exogenous application of the GA biosynthesis inhibitor uniconazole. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses further revealed enhanced starch degradation, reduced starch content, and increased soluble sugar accumulation in the double mutant. Taken together, these findings reveal that the ZmMYB59-ZmGA2ox3/10 module restrains GA accumulation and starch mobilization after germination, thereby coordinating reserve utilization with post-germinative root and shoot growth in maize.

Gibberellins↗

PubMed2026

A case report of Xp21 contiguous gene deletion syndrome with adrenal crisis and sensorineural hearing loss: clinical highlights and management pitfalls.

OBJECTIVES: To report a rare association of Xp21 contiguous gene deletion syndrome (CGDS) featuring sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and to discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. CASE PRESENTATION: A male infant presented with a salt-wasting adrenal crisis consistent with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita. His follow-up clinical course during childhood revealed global developmental delay and SNHL, the latter of which has been under-reported in the literature for this condition. At five years of age, the development of progressive proximal muscle weakness and markedly elevated creatine phosphokinase levels led to a diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The patient also exhibited pseudohypertriglyceridemia and elevated urinary glycerol, consistent with glycerol kinase deficiency. While initial exome sequencing failed to detect the genetic abnormality, subsequent chromosomal microarray analysis identified an Xp21 CGDS involving NR0B1, IL1RAPL1, DMD, and GK. Treatment of adrenal insufficiency with fludrocortisone and hydrocortisone was complicated by the higher steroid doses required for the management of DMD, resulting in exogenous Cushing syndrome and associated complications. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the necessity of evaluating for Xp21 CGDS in patients presenting with adrenal crisis and emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary management to optimize outcomes in this complex pediatric endocrine disorder.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Deciphering S-nitrosylation-regulated metabolic networks in postmortem beef based on label-free modificomics: Identification of ferroptosis as a novel quality-related pathway.

This study elucidated the molecular mechanisms of S-nitrosylation on postmortem beef metabolism and quality based on the label-free modificomics. Varying degrees of S-nitrosylation were exogenously induced in beef semimembranosus (SM) muscle. Results indicated that a high S-nitrosylation level significantly increased beef pH and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) while reducing centrifugal loss (P < 0.05). A total of 828 S-nitrosylated proteins and 1458 modification sites were identified, of which 114 sites on 81 proteins (DSNPs) exhibited differential modification abundance, representing an increase of 125% compared with previous proteomics studies. DSNPs were mainly involved in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, calcium signaling, cell structure, and ferroptosis. Notably, this study provides the first evidence in postmortem muscle that S-nitrosylation regulates key ferroptosis-related proteins, including ACSL, CP, and TF, offering new insights into the link between S-nitrosylation and the ferroptosis pathway in meat. Correlation analysis demonstrated that TF was significantly negatively correlated with pH and WBSF, but positively correlated with centrifugal loss (P < 0.05). Collectively, protein S-nitrosylation critically modulates postmortem beef quality through the coordinated regulation of multiple metabolic processes. More importantly, the identification of ferroptosis as a S-nitrosylation-sensitive pathway provides a new perspective for regulating meat quality through protein post-translational modifications.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Triacylglycerol metabolism is a novel target to combat West Nile virus infection.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic Orthoflavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes that is responsible for outbreaks of meningitis and encephalitis worldwide. Driven by climate change, WNV has expanded as a global public health concern, particularly in temperate regions. However, there are still no specific approved therapies, reinforcing the need for antiviral development. Previous works have documented that WNV multiplication strictly depends on certain cellular lipids. To identify novel lipid-related therapeutic targets, we analyzed the infection driven alterations in the CNS lipidome, the primary tissue supporting WNV replication. Our results indicated that the major alterations in the brain lipid content of WNV-infected mice corresponded to triacylglycerols (TAGs). Moreover, transcriptomic analysis showed that infected brains underwent changes in the expression of TAG metabolism. Supplementation with exogenous fatty acids increased lipid droplets (LD) content and promoted viral replication in cell culture models. On the contrary, pharmacological intervention in TAG metabolism using diacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitors (DGATi) suppressed WNV multiplication in cell culture models. As a proof-of-concept of the therapeutic potential of DGATi, treatment of mice with A922500 reduced viral burden in the brain and proinflammatory cytokine production. Overall, our results unveil the importance of LDs and glycerolipid metabolism for WNV and highlight the potential of therapeutic interventions targeting this pathway to control viral replication and neuroinflammation.

West Nile virus; lipid↗

PubMed2026

Optimizing eco-engineering pedogenesis of bauxite residues: Synergistic effects of humus and FeSO4/sulfur on microbial community and function.

Eco-engineered pedogenesis represents a promising approach for soil amelioration of bauxite residues (BRs) through exogenous organic matter. However, the role of humus in mediating this process remains poorly understood, significantly impeding the eco-engineering rehabilitation of BRs. In this study, we conducted pot experiments and subsequent microbial analysis to evaluate the individual improvement of humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), and corn straw (SWZ) on the BRs' pedogenesis. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that both FA and SWZ were more effective than HA in steering microbial community assembly, as community diversity, dominant taxa enrichment, and species' interaction were all significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the FA/SWZ treatments than in HA treatments. Notably, the combination of FA with FeSO4 specifically enriched halophilic taxa, while FA coupled with sulfur (S) significantly improved the connectivity and complexity of the microbial network, as the average connection degree increasing from 1.008 to 1.113. Hydrolytic enzyme activity assays further indicated that FA, especially when combined with S, was the most effective treatment in restoring microbial function during BR pedogenesis. These findings highlight FA as a critical driver of microbial restructuring and functional recovery in BRs. Moreover, its efficacy can be enhanced by co-amendment with FeSO4 or S. This study provides important theoretical and practical insights for optimizing organic-inorganic amendment strategies to accelerate the eco-engineering pedogenesis of bauxite residues.

Humic Substances↗

PubMed2026

Identification and functional characterization of a novel antiviral chicken interferon-υ.

Interferons are critical mediators of antiviral immunity in vertebrates. While type IV interferon (IFN-υ) has been identified in fish and amphibians, its existence and function in chickens remained unknown. Through systematic genomic screening, we identified and cloned a novel chicken interferon gene, designated ChIFN-υ. Phylogenetic analysis placed ChIFN-υ within a distinct clade alongside zebrafish and clawed frog IFN-υ, confirming its identity as a type IV interferon, with minimal homology to classical type I, II, or III IFNs. Expression profiling revealed constitutive ChIFN-υ expression in mucosal and immune tissues of healthy chickens, exhibiting a distinct developmental shift: highest in trachea and small intestine in 1-day-old chicks, shifting to spleen and lung in 4-week-old chickens. ChIFN-υ expression was strongly upregulated following H9N2 AIV infection. Functionally, recombinant ChIFN-υ protein activated the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) and Mx promoter in a dose-dependent manner and significantly inhibited the replication of both vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and H9N2 AIV in DF-1 cells. In vivo, early treatment with exogenous ChIFN-υ significantly reduced pulmonary and tracheal viral loads and decreased oropharyngeal and cloacal virus shedding in H9N2-infected chickens. In conclusion, this study identifies and functionally characterizes the type IV interferon in chickens, elucidating the evolutionary status, regulated expression, and antiviral efficacy of ChIFN-υ. These findings highlight its potential as a candidate for developing interferon-based therapies against avian viral diseases.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

ARR1 and ARR12 negatively regulate arsenic stress tolerance by controlling flavonoid metabolism in Arabidopsis.

ARR1/12-mediated cytokinin signaling negatively regulates the accumulation of glycosylated flavonoids, thereby increasing plant susceptibility to As(III) stress. Cytokinins negatively regulate arsenic stress tolerance in plants through cytokinin-signaling type-B Arabidopsis response regulators (B-ARRs), specifically ARR1 and ARR12. However, the mechanism by which cytokinin signaling regulates plant metabolite dynamics, particularly antioxidant flavonoids, in response to arsenic toxicity remains largely unknown. Here, we hypothesized that ARR1/12-mediated cytokinin signaling modulates flavonoid metabolism to regulate arsenite [As(III)] tolerance. By comparing the global metabolic changes in roots of the arr1 12 double mutant (rD) and wild-type (WT) plants, we found that As(III) stress globally reduced metabolite abundance in WT roots. Importantly, the rD mutant accumulated significantly more flavonoids, most in glycosylated forms, than WT under As(III) exposure, which was supported by the specific upregulation of UDP-glycosyltransferase genes involved in flavonoid glycosylation. Accordingly, exogenous application of the glycosylated quercitrin-enhanced As(III) tolerance in WT roots, strengthening that the increase of glycosylated flavonoids in rD roots was beneficial for plant survival under As(III) exposure. Our data collectively strongly support that the increased glycosylation of flavonoids in the rD mutant improves their antioxidant functionality, thereby enhancing the As(III) stress tolerance. This study provides a new insight into the negative role of cytokinin signaling in repressing glycosylated flavonoid accumulation, causing increased susceptibility of plants to As(III) stress. Manipulation of cytokinin signaling or flavonoid glycosylation is, therefore, a promising approach for heavy metal stress mitigation in crops.

Arabidopsis↗

PubMed2025

Coupling of spectroscopy and nitrogen-oxygen isotopes unveils the mechanisms of dissolved organic matter and nitrate pollution in lakes within the agro-pastoral transition zone.

Lakes in arid and semi-arid regions are subjected to severe ecological stress, such as organic pollution, eutrophication, and salinization, due to climate change and human activities. This study investigates Chagannur Lake, a typical arid-region lake that is representative and ecologically sensitive in Northern China's agro-pastoral ecotone, to uncover its pollution characteristics and mechanisms. We employed fluorescence spectroscopy and stable isotope analysis to trace dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nitrate sources. The DOM composition was dominated by microbial metabolic byproducts and protein-like substances, suggesting that microbial processes are key to organic matter transformation. Source apportionment revealed that pollutants primarily originated from livestock and poultry manure (37.6 %), agricultural fertilizers (35.6 %), and soil erosion (24.7 %), with agricultural fertilizers contributing most significantly in the Gogstai River (63.3 %). A structural equation model (SEM) coupling spectral and mass spectrometric data revealed that microbial transformation significantly impairs the lake's self-purification capacity, thereby promoting pollutant accumulation (path coefficient = 0.91,*p < 0.05). Moreover, microbial processes link endogenous and exogenous pollution, a mechanism effectively traced by isotopic and fluorescence indices (path coefficient = 0.55, ⁎⁎p < 0.01). These findings enhance the understanding of pollution sources and transformation mechanisms in arid-region lakes and offer foundational theoretical support for policymakers engaged in pollution control strategies.

Lakes↗

PubMed2026

Comparative profiling of microbial community structure, enzyme potential, metabolic features, and volatile composition in craft and Jiafan Huangjiu processes.

Craft Huangjiu and Jiafan Huangjiu represent two distinct industrial Huangjiu product outcomes with contrasting volatile profiles. This study compared craft Huangjiu (L70) and Jiafan Huangjiu (L79) to characterize their physicochemical, microbial, gene-level functional, metabolic, and volatile features. Because L70 involved mid-fermentation addition of finished Huangjiu, this comparison was not intended to isolate the sole effect of fermentation interruption versus continued fermentation. L79 showed more extensive carbon and nitrogen utilization, with lower residual substrates and higher ethanol and acetic acid contents than L70, whereas L70 retained a less complete fermentation state. At the volatile level, GC-MS and volatile metabolomics consistently showed an ester-enriched profile in L79 and a more alcohol-dominant profile in L70. FlavorDB-based putative annotation and threshold-based OAV analysis further indicated distinct database-assigned descriptor distributions and potential odor-active compounds, with more OAV > 1 ester-related compounds in L79. Metagenomic analysis showed that L70 was dominated by Lactobacillus acetotolerans, whereas L79 contained higher relative abundances of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, and Fructilactobacillus fructivorans. Metagenomic functional annotation showed higher representation of hydrolysis-related CAZy genes and ester-related enzyme annotations in L79. KEGG-based pathway mapping further indicated greater gene-level potential for ethanol-, acetate-, and acetyl-CoA-related metabolism in L79. Accordingly, the L70 profile should be interpreted as the integrated final-product outcome of process intervention, exogenous input, and subsequent fermentation. The findings provide a comparative basis for future flavor regulation and process optimization in Huangjiu and other fermented alcoholic beverages.

Volatile Organic Compounds↗

PubMed2026

Ecological Restoration of the Soil-Like Function in the Bauxite Residue: Natural Microbiomes Mediated Molecular Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter.

Soilization of bauxite residues offers a scalable route for long-term carbon management and ecological restoration. However, the microbial processes that transform exogenous organic inputs into stable soil-like carbon pools remain poorly resolved. Here, we combined cross-ecosystem meta-analysis, machine-learning prediction, native synthetic community (SynCom) construction, 13C-labeled straw microcosms, field validation, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, and genome-resolved metagenomics to unravel microbiome-mediated carbon transformation at the dissolved organic matter (DOM) molecular scale. Our meta-analysis revealed that alkaline industrial wastes retained soil-like DOM signatures but were enriched in microbial humic- and protein-like components, indicating active yet incomplete carbon processing. Guided by these patterns, native SynCom inoculation increased 13C incorporation into total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), enlarged biodegradable and adsorbable DOC fractions, and shifted DOM from recalcitrant aromatic pools toward oxygenated carbohydrate-, tannin-, and phenolic-like molecular classes. Genome-resolved analyses linked this transformation to complementary polymer degradation and nutrient-cycling functions across fungal and bacterial guilds, including enriched carbohydrate-active enzymes in straw-carbon-utilizing metagenome-assembled genomes. Null model and thermodynamic analyses further showed that microbial communities were constrained by homogeneous selection, whereas DOM molecules were diversified through variable selection and redox-dependent transformation. Field-scale validation confirmed that SynCom promoted TOC and DOC accumulation and humic-like, high-density DOM fractions under alkaline conditions. Together, these findings establish a mechanistic framework in which functional microbiomes couple plant carbon depolymerization, DOM molecular diversification, and mineral-interactive carbon stabilization, providing a microbiome-guided strategy for carbon sequestration and soilization in the bauxite residue.

Soil↗

PubMed2026

Boosting domestic wastewater treatment with quorum signal-augmented heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacterial-algal aerobic granular sludge.

The aerobic bacterial-algal granular sludge (ABGS) enhanced with heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) bacteria, as a novel symbiotic technology, exhibits fluctuating treatment efficiency and unstable performance primarily due to the unstable symbiotic relationship. This study proposes an innovative approach to strengthening the bacteria-algae symbiosis by introducing exogenous signaling molecules. Concurrently, high-throughput, correlation analysis of environmental factors and metagenomic sequencing techniques are employed to elucidate the enhancement mechanisms of the signaling molecules. The results demonstrate that signaling molecule enhancement boosted total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency by 24.51 % in the bacteria-algae symbiotic system (X1). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization revealed that the addition of signaling molecules resulted in more compact aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and markedly improved stability. High-throughput sequencing showed signaling molecules enriched denitrifying bacteria (Hydrogenophaga, Pseudoxanthomonas, Thauera, Zoogloea) and organic-degrading Desulfomicrobium, optimizing microbial diversity and enhancing nitrogen/organic removal. Correlation analysis of environmental factors indicate that the addition of C8-HSL facilitates the enrichment and functional activation of specific genera. Metagenomic analysis revealed that signaling molecules enhanced the system's denitrification performance by modulating gene expression and associated metabolic pathways. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis further confirmed that the signaling molecules upregulated the expression of the napA, nirK, and nirS genes. An increased abundance of the napA gene facilitated aerobic denitrification (NO₃⁻-N→NO₂⁻-N), while upregulated abundance of the nirK and nirS genes accelerated nitrite reduction (NO₂⁻-N→N₂). This study aims to provide theoretical and practical foundations for implementing advanced bacteria-algae symbiotic technologies.

Denitrification↗

PubMed2026

Genetic evidence for a causal relationship between melatonin metabolism and depression.

To investigate the causal relevance of melatonin metabolism, which provides the biological basis for circulating melatonin levels, to specific depression symptom subtypes, we performed a targeted systematic review of melatonin metabolism pathways in the human brain and liver. Using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), we assessed the causal effects of metabolism pathways and/or individual genes on major depressive disorder (MDD) and nine symptom subtypes derived from Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Instrumental variables (IVs) were expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for eight individual genes, one synthesis route, and three degradation routes. Results were assessed using Bayesian colocalization and phenome-wide association analyses. At the pathway-level, the genetically proxied synthesis-route signal was associated with PHQ-9 Assessment 5 (PHQ9A5, OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85-0.93), but sensitivity analyses suggested this association was primarily driven by TPH1 and may reflect serotonin-related biology. In contrast, higher brain melatonin degradation raised the risk of both PHQ9A1 (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04) and PHQ9A7 (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.03). Within degradation, up-regulation of the kynurenine sub-pathway increased the odds of PHQ9A3 (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.07), PHQ9A4 (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.06) and PHQ9A7 (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.07). Gene-level analyses were largely concordant, except for SULT1A1, whose higher expression was genetically protective for PHQ9A3 but risk-increased for PHQ9A1 and PHQ9A4. Overall, these results demonstrate that melatonin metabolism exerts symptom-specific and pathway-specific causal effects on depression. A stratified view of melatonin's role may help optimize the application of exogenous melatonin supplementation.

Melatonin↗

PubMed2026

Fatty acids and breast cancer: Epidemiology, subtype-specific metabolism, immune regulation, and clinical translation.

Fatty acids (FAs) are bioactive dietary and metabolic molecules that participate in membrane architecture, energy homeostasis, inflammatory signaling, gene regulation and immune function, all of which intersect with breast cancer (BC) risk, progression and treatment response. In this narrative review we integrate epidemiological, clinical, translational and mechanistic evidence on the role of FAs in BC. Saturated, monounsaturated, trans- and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) are treated as distinct biological exposures rather than interchangeable measures of total fat intake. Similarly, evidence from dietary assessment, circulating biomarkers, erythrocyte membrane composition, adipose tissue stores and tumor lipid signatures is interpreted separately, because each captures exposure and biology at a different level. BC subtypes differ in FA synthesis, uptake, oxidation, storage and remodeling: luminal tumors are frequently linked to hormone-regulated lipogenesis, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive tumors to growth-factor-driven lipid metabolism, and triple-negative tumors to exogenous FA uptake, inflammatory lipid mediators and ferroptosis-related vulnerabilities. FA-derived mediators also shape immune-cell polarization, cytokine signaling and the tumor microenvironment, and dietary FAs may reshape the gut microbiota; the fiber-derived short-chain FAs it produces, distinct from dietary FAs, likewise help regulate immune and inflammatory tone. Clinical data suggest possible roles for fat-quality modification and selected n-3 PUFA interventions, but findings are heterogeneous and not yet sufficient to support routine biomarker-guided precision onco-nutrition. Candidate biomarkers, such as erythrocyte n-6:n-3 composition, require prospective validation before clinical implementation. FA biology thus represents a modifiable but complex axis in BC prevention, tumor biology and supportive care.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Ultra-high-frequency ECG quantifies residual electrical dyssynchrony during left bundle branch area pacing in patients with wide QRS: a paired within-patient study.

BACKGROUND: Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) may restore a more physiological pattern of ventricular activation in patients with conduction delay; however, QRS narrowing alone may incompletely characterize electrical resynchronization. Ultra-high-frequency ECG (UHF-ECG) provides quantitative markers of ventricular activation timing and dyssynchrony. OBJECTIVE: To quantify paired OFF-to-ON changes in conventional ECG and UHF-ECG metrics during LBBAP in patients with baseline wide QRS and to assess the relationship between paced R-wave peak time (RWPT) and residual UHF-ECG dyssynchrony. METHODS: In this prospective single-center paired study, 21 patients with bradycardia and baseline wide QRS underwent standard ECG and UHF-ECG assessment during intrinsic rhythm (pacing OFF) and during LBBAP (pacing ON). Endpoints included QRS duration, signed VED16, absolute VED16 (|VED16|), mean ventricular delay (meanVD), and a clinically interpretable distance-to-normal metric defined as dist = max(|VED16|-20, 0). Paired changes were summarized as medians with bootstrap 95% confidence intervals and tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Associations between paced RWPT and residual dyssynchrony during pacing were evaluated using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. RESULTS: LBBAP significantly narrowed QRS duration from 136.8 [130.2-153.6] ms during intrinsic rhythm to 116.0 [107.8-125.6] ms during pacing (median Δ -21.0 ms; 95% CI -33.9 to -18.6; p < 0.001). Signed VED16 did not change significantly (median Δ 0.4 ms; p = 1.000), consistent with the mixed conduction-phenotype composition of the cohort. In contrast, severity-oriented UHF-ECG endpoints improved: |VED16| decreased numerically (median Δ -5.2 ms; p = 0.070), whereas dist decreased significantly (median Δ -0.7 ms; 95% CI -14.4 to 0.0; p = 0.015). The proportion of patients within the normal dyssynchrony band (|VED16| ≤ 20 ms) increased from 7/21 (33.3%) to 12/21 (57.1%). Median paced RWPT was 66.6 [58.6-74.6] ms, and shorter RWPT correlated with lower residual |VED16| during pacing (Pearson r = -0.45, p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with baseline wide QRS, LBBAP produces marked QRS narrowing, whereas UHF-ECG provides complementary quantification of residual electrical dyssynchrony. Severity-oriented UHF-ECG endpoints, particularly a distance-to-normal metric, may offer an interpretable mechanistic framework beyond conventional ECG alone. Shorter paced RWPT was associated with lower residual dyssynchrony during pacing, supporting physiological coherence between procedural and high-resolution electrocardiographic markers.

Humans↗

PubMed2024

Emotional and Cognitive Processes Underlying Persuasion, Moderating Factors, and Physiological Reactions: A Systematic Review.

Persuasion is a type of social influence aiming to produce changes in others' attitudes or behaviors. This study explores the relationship between emotions and persuasion, principal moderating factors, and physiological reactions during persuasive attempts. Following PRISMA guidelines, 28 empirical articles were analyzed, addressing emotions, affective/cognitive orientations, framing effects, and psychophysiological reactions. Mixed findings emerged regarding emotions, with fear appeals being effective in health education, while more recent studies favor the use of positive persuasive messages to increase behavior intention. Principal moderating factors included personal relevance, need for cognition (NFC) and need for affect (NFA), thought confidence, vulnerability, and efficacy beliefs. Psychophysiological studies revealed distinct physiological arousal during persuasion processing compared to a rest state. In addition, a greater misalignment between current behavior and the persuasive attempt led to perceived freedom threat and psychological reactance. These insights enhance persuasive effectiveness and deepen understanding of persuasion processes, guiding future research directions.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Recent advances in supramolecular macrocycle-based artificial light-harvesting systems.

Artificial light-harvesting systems (ALHSs) inspired by the antenna function of natural photosynthesis provide molecular platforms for collecting excitation energy and directing it to emissive or reactive acceptors. In many supramolecular ALHSs, however, practical performance is limited by poorly defined donor-acceptor orientation, aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), interfacial defects, and limited stability in aqueous or complex media. Supramolecular macrocycles-particularly pillar[n]arenes (PAs), cucurbit[n]urils (CBs), calixarenes (CAs), cyclodextrins (CDs), and supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs)-offer a useful design space because their cavities, pre-organized scaffolds, and reversible non-covalent interactions can confine chromophores, tune local donor/acceptor ratios, and modulate Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). This Review systematically examines the unique structural advantages and assembly mechanisms of the five macrocyclic families, with an emphasis on their use in constructing ALHSs-from single-step to cascaded FRET-and in advancing aqueous photocatalysis, near-infrared bioimaging, panchromatic fluorescence modulation, and singlet oxygen generation. The resulting structure-property-application framework is intended to guide the rational design of macrocycle-assisted photofunctional materials while avoiding overextension of the photosynthesis analogy.

Journal Article↗