Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Evaluation Methodology”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Assessment of the scatter fraction evaluation methodology using Monte Carlo simulation techniques.

To evaluate scatter fraction and scatter pair spatial distribution, experimental methods are generally used. These methods make use of a line source, placed along the FOV axis, inserted in a cylindrical phantom filled with air or water. The accuracy of these experimental methodologies can be tested by the use of a Monte Carlo method. In fact, the simulation allows the shape of the scatter event projection and the scatter fraction to be defined. An example of this application is the simulation package PETSI (PET SImulation). In this paper the comparison between the predicted scatter fraction and the experimentally evaluated one, obtained using an ECAT III PT 911/02 double ring whole body scanner are presented. PETSI permits additional data to be obtained: a) the true and scatter component of the energy spectrum; b) the spatial distribution, in the FOV plane, of the detected scatter events at different energy thresholds; c) the scatter to total detected events ratio; d) the predicted scatter fraction at both energy thresholds and FOV diameters. This information is very useful for optimizing both energy threshold and FOV size and to improve the accuracy of the currently used methods for the scatter fraction evaluation. Preliminary results of the predicted scatter fraction in a uniform phantom are presented.

Models, Structural↗
PubMed1995

Low birthweight as a determinant of infectious disease mortality: a methodological evaluation.

Low birthweight (LBW) is cited as an important determinant of infectious disease mortality during infancy, both in developed and developing countries. We applied methodological standards to evaluate the scientific validity and clinical applicability of epidemiological studies of this relationship. Three published studies, all reporting an elevation of the risk of infectious disease mortality in infants born with LBW, were identified. Noteworthy methodological deficiencies found in one or more studies included failure to obtain objective data about birthweight and gestational age for a high proportion of study subjects, lack of explicit criteria for assigning causes of death, failure to safeguard against biases in assessment of cause of death and inadequate control for potential confounding variables. In addition, clinical application of the results of these studies was limited by lack of exploration of the roles of preterm birth vs. small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth, as well as by inattention to the role of congenital anomalies, in explaining the elevated risk. Although our evaluation does not necessarily negate the results of these studies, the failure of any of the studies to comply with all of the standards highlights the need for further research to provide credible evidence regarding the presence and strength of a relationship between LBW and infectious disease mortality in both developed and developing countries.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation methodology for selection of computerized clinical ECG interpretation systems.

An evaluation procedure used in the selection of a commercial, turn-key computerized system for processing electrocardiograms in a university hospital is described. Within this framework, the processing of ECGs includes data acquisition, pattern recognition, measurement, interpretation, storage, and report generation. The overall objective of this search is to select a system that will improve the quality of ECG services without adversely affecting patient costs.

Computers↗
PubMed1984

A taxonomy: hospital information systems evaluation methodologies.

During the past decade, computers and information systems and their resultant products have pervaded hospitals. Not only have the number of and investments in computers and their associated systems increased, but the types of hospital systems and affected functions have also multiplied. Unfortunately, methodologies to measure impacts of these systems have not evolved at the same pace. There have been few developments of new techniques. Existing techniques have not been adapted for use in hospitals. As a result, evaluations are not performed or are based upon generalizations, often with users minimally involved, if at all. Most techniques emphasize the cost-benefit approach, but this should not be the only tool used. This paper presents a taxonomy of methodologies for the evaluation of hospital information systems. The analyses of methodologies and systems are accomplished from user's perspectives. Effectiveness of system products is emphasized. Users are provided with an additional tool to plan, organize, control, and direct the information resources and achieve the hospital's goals and objectives.

Classification↗
PubMed2004

[Peer review method for quality evaluation--methodology of Emergency Medicine Study Group for Quality about trauma management].

Education, resident training, guidelines, and evaluation are necessary to improve health care quality. Changing the resident system, re-organizing medical associations and Evidenced-Based Medicine (EBM) are becoming popular, and clinical practice using guidelines has been stressed in recent years in Japan. However, clinical evaluation is generally not so popular, except within internal conferences, and during short discussions at medical societies, although evaluation of the hospital services is on going by the Japanese Council for Quality Health Care (JCQHC). In contrast, the Joint Commission on Healthcare Accreditation Organization (JCAHO) is generally used for evaluation of hospitals in the US. The TRISS (Trauma and Injury Severity Score) method has offered a standardized approach to the evaluation of the outcome of trauma care. All trauma cases admitted to emergency centers in Japan were reviewed using the TRISS methodology in 2001 to assess preventable trauma death (PTD). There are big discrepancies regarding PTD among hospitals. The Emergency Medicine Study Group for Quality (EMSQ), organized by 14 emergency centers in the Kanto area, has developed a peer review (PR) system using explicit standards together with the TRISS methodology, in order to promote accuracy in the evaluation of PTD. Definitions of trauma, PTD, and a set of standards consisting of 20 items for determining PTD, were proposed. The optimal quality level of medical care for the patients was the criterion against which decisions regarding PTD were made. All death cases whose probability of survival (Ps) value exceeded 50% were reviewed using a PR method based on explicit standards. The PR process found that only 11.2% of all deaths were preventable, although 25.3% were considered preventable by the TRISS method. The PR process, using explicit standards, provided an excellent method of evaluation of PTD. The PR process also serves an educational purpose in improving the quality of care in emergency trauma cases. PR, by applying uniform standards at the optimal level of quality for the patients, offers not only more precise assessment, but also a means of case identification for quality assurance review on a local basis. Outcome reviews will offer the opportunity to assess comparability with national standards and norms. Trauma registry and evaluation are recommended for all emergency centers in Japan. These evaluation processes may be useful for systematic improvement of the emergency medical field.

Emergency Medical Services↗
PubMed1985

Methodologic evaluation of incidence rates for hypertension: calculated for Pittsburgh's MRFIT usual care men.

Methodologic limitations in the calculation of incidence rates for hypertension and in the assessment of associations between rates of change in attributes and the development of hypertension were examined for Pittsburgh's MRFIT Usual Care population. In a group of normotensive middle-aged men at high risk for the development of coronary heart disease, the incidence of hypertension ranged from 6.2 to 15.5 per 100 man years, depending on the definition of hypertension. A simulation study showed that the magnitude of these incidence rates could be explained by random variation in the measurement of blood pressure. Controlling for these random effects, the development of hypertension was associated with high normal baseline diastolic blood pressure and with a reported past diagnosis of hypertension, but not with age or baseline body mass index. Finally, a method, estimating the relative risk associating weight gain and the development of hypertension, was presented.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

An integrated impact assessment and weighting methodology: evaluation of the environmental consequences of computer display technology substitution.

Computer display technology is currently in a state of transition, as the traditional technology of cathode ray tubes is being replaced by liquid crystal display flat-panel technology. Technology substitution and process innovation require the evaluation of the trade-offs among environmental impact, cost, and engineering performance attributes. General impact assessment methodologies, decision analysis and management tools, and optimization methods commonly used in engineering cannot efficiently address the issues needed for such evaluation. The conventional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) process often generates results that can be subject to multiple interpretations, although the advantages of the LCA concept and framework obtain wide recognition. In the present work, the LCA concept is integrated with Quality Function Deployment (QFD), a popular industrial quality management tool, which is used as the framework for the development of our integrated model. The problem of weighting is addressed by using pairwise comparison of stakeholder preferences. Thus, this paper presents a new integrated analytical approach, Integrated Industrial Ecology Function Deployment (I2-EFD), to assess the environmental behavior of alternative technologies in correlation with their performance and economic characteristics. Computer display technology is used as the case study to further develop our methodology through the modification and integration of various quality management tools (e.g., process mapping, prioritization matrix) and statistical methods (e.g., multi-attribute analysis, cluster analysis). Life cycle thinking provides the foundation for our methodology, as we utilize a published LCA report, which stopped at the characterization step, as our starting point. Further, we evaluate the validity and feasibility of our methodology by considering uncertainty and conducting sensitivity analysis.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Methodologic evaluation of the lumbar disc syndrome.

Though the lumbar disc syndrome is a costly and ubiquitous affliction, effective evaluation of the disease process has been confounded by major unaddressed methodological short falls. Prominent difficulties include: inattention to the clinical boundaries of the syndrome, neglected co-morbid disease processes, comparison of unequal treatment groups and premature clinical data extrapolation, inadequate diagnostic validation, variability in surgical observation, and reliance upon follow-up techniques faulted by unaddressed distorting factors. Proposals for improvement include: formulation of suitable stratification subgroups emphasizing age and sign-symptom intensity and duration, techniques for improved diagnostic return from surgical exploration, suggestions toward improved quantitation of clinical testing procedures, and implantation of a quality of life scale.

Back Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Structure of medical work and its evaluation: methodological aspects].

Methodological approaches to studies and description of the structure of medical work are presented with the aim of evaluating it. Studies of labor structure should result in the formation of a complex of its parameters (properties) to be taken account of, which is the priority task in developing a system of evaluations. Medical labor is regarded as a complex integral system requiring a systemic approach. The methodology is based on qualimetric principles and methods. The fundamental principles are necessity and sufficiency. The method for evaluation of medical work is to correspond to the actual potentials and routine of medical institutions.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1991

Drug abuse prevention evaluation methodology: a bright future.

Drug abuse prevention research findings have been inconsistent. These inconsistencies can be related to several issues including study design and methodology. This article presents consensus recommendations developed to enhance drug abuse prevention evaluation research by a group of prevention researchers and practitioners who met at the National Institute on Drug Abuse in Rockville, Maryland during May 1989. As noted by the number of consensus statements, there was a high level of agreement. After exploring various aspects of evaluating prevention interventions, that agreement was reflected in specific recommendations which are directed to modifying prevention approaches; integrating epidemiologic, etiologic and intervention research methods; and expanding prevention research utilization.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

School Health Education Evaluation. Methodological and substantive significance.

As two of the consultants on the team that advised on design and execution of the School Health Education Evaluation (SHEE), the authors offer retrospective comments on the accomplishments and significance of the study. Comments are divided into three parts. First, the authors point out why many evaluators would argue a priori that the design of the study would not be feasible. Second, the authors discuss why the study did work and what makes it exemplary. Finally, the authors point out the several substantive findings of the study that have broad significance in education beyond health education alone.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Effects of embryo transfer in beef cattle on genetic evaluation methodology.

Because female cattle may be superovulated and their embryos dispersed to many surrogate dams, both the recording system and the models for genetic evaluation need to be modified. The recording system must keep track of the breed of the surrogate dams as well as their age and registration numbers. The model for evaluation of beef cattle for traits in which maternal effects are important, for example, must distinguish between natural and surrogate dams. The potential for interactions of breed and age of surrogate dam with sex of calf and the possibility that these may differ from age of natural dam x sex of calf interactions needs further study. A discussion of these issues is given. An example is given to illustrate how surrogate dams might be modeled. Assuming that only the breed of surrogate dam is known and that each surrogate dam gives birth to only one progeny, the mixed model equations for genetic evaluations can be simplified. These are illustrated.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Medicare program; description of the Health Care Financing Administration's evaluation methodology for the Peer Review Organization 5th Scope of Work contracts--HCFA. General notice with comment period.

This notice describes how HCFA intends to evaluate the Peer Review Organizations (PROs) for quality improvement activities, under their 5th Scope of Work (SOW) contracts, for efficiency and effectiveness in accordance with the Social Security Act. In accordance with the provisions of the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993, the 5th SOW contracts with the PROs are performance-based contracts.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗