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PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychoemotional disorders in those working with epoxy compounds].

Psychoemotional status was studied in 125 female workers 21 to 50 years old having been exposed to epoxide resins and their compounds for 5 to 25 years. We undertook to carry out multifactor questionnaire survey together with pathopsychological testing, and determining levels of personal constitutional and reactive anxiety. Occupation-related neurotic disorders (neurasthenic-, obsessive and phobic-, and, to a lesser extent, hysterical type manifestations) were found out to develop during the stage of prenosologic forms against the background of high level of both constitutional and reactive anxiety. It is psychoconstitutional traits of workers being predisposing factors for the disorders in question that affect the epoxide-related origination and development of psychoemotional derangement. The following traits can be regarded as predisposing factors for derangement: excitability, bias towards anxiety, deestiming, demonstrable behaviour.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Some experiences with epoxy resin grouting compounds.

Epoxy resin systems are used in tiling and grouting in the construction industry. Because of the nature of the application, skin contact is the primary hazard. The most prevalent reaction was reddening of the forearms, followed by whole body reddening and loss of appetite, these latter two being associated with smoking while applying the resin.

Anorexia↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of two epoxy ether compounds for biocompatible potential.

Bovine arterial tissue exposed to two epoxy ether compounds (Denacol EX-313 and Denacol EX-810) was evaluated for its biocompatible potential by in vitro and in vivo test procedures. The battery of test procedures included percent Inhibition of Cell Growth, Medium Eluate Method (MEM), Agar Overlay (AO), Blood Compatibility, Acute Mouse Systemic Injection, Rabbit Intracutaneous Irritation, Rabbit Subcutaneous Implantation, Guinea Pig Maximization, and Ames Tests. The epoxy exposed tissue was found to be noncytotoxic, nonmutagenic, and biocompatible by the test methods employed. In addition, the maximum concentrations of the unreacted Denacol EX-313 and EX-810 solutions found to demonstrate noncytotoxic reactions by the MEM and AO procedures were identified as 55 and 60 ppm for the MEM and 150 and 200 ppm for the AO procedure, respectively. These studies suggest that Denacol EX-313 and EX-810 are acceptable solutions for the processing of implantable tissue provided the epoxy residuals remain below those levels found to be cytotoxic.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Occupational dermatoses from exposure to epoxy resin compounds in a ski factory.

Of 22 workers in a ski factory, occupational allergic contact dermatitis was found in 8. 6 were sensitive to epoxy resin compounds, i.e., epoxy resins, hardeners or diluents, 1 to cobalt in glass-fiber reinforcements, and 1 to formaldehyde in a urea-formaldehyde glue and a lacquer. 4 workers had irritant contact dermatitis from epoxy resin compounds, lacquers, sanding dust, or glass-fiber dust. 3 had contact allergy from a new sensitizer, diethyleneglycol diglycidyl ether, in a reactive diluent. Immediate transfer of workers sensitized to epoxy resin from epoxy exposure prevents aggravation of their dermatitis and broadening of the sensitization to epoxy hardeners, diluents and other compounds.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1990

Occupational dermatoses from epoxy resin compounds.

This study comprises 40 patients with skin disorders from current or previous occupational exposure to epoxy resin compounds (ERC) during 1984-1988. ERCs were the 3rd most common cause (32 of 264 cases: 12.1%) of currently relevant allergic contact dermatitis: 23 cases from epoxy resins based on the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA-ERs), 5 from reactive diluents, 1 from amine hardeners (DETA), and 3 from epoxy acrylates. 2 cases (0.8%) of irritant contact dermatitis were due to ERCs. Methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA, an epoxy hardener) caused 1 case of contact urticaria. Previously relevant occupational allergic contact dermatitis from DGEBA-ERs was detected in 5 cases. On patch testing, ERC allergens gave the following positive reactions: epoxy resin of the standard series in 35 cases (4.0% of 870 tested), epoxy reactive diluents in 10 (7.1% of 140), cycloaliphatic epoxy resins in 4 (11.1% of 36), epoxy acrylates in 4 (4.5% of 88), and amine compounds commonly used as epoxy hardeners in 17. Despite extensive patch test series, testing with patients' own ERCs remains important.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Device for calibration of gas-analytical apparatus in the analysis of organochlorine compounds].

Epoxy resin- and polymethylometacrylate-based polymeric matrices in the device for calibration of gas analytical equipment for analysis of organochlorine compounds are compared. Use of an organochlorine substance solution in polymethylmetacrylate matrix as a generator of these substances microconcentrations helps prolong the period of the device service to 15 months if the deviations of the concentrations from their mean value are up to 10%. An optimal composition of a polymethylmetacrylate-based matrix is offered.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1965

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF 5,6-MONOEPOXYVITAMIN A ACETATE, 5,6-MONOEPOXYVITAMIN A ALCOHOL, 5,6-MONOEPOXYVITAMIN A ALDEHYDE AND THEIR CORRESPONDING 5,8-MONOEPOXY (FURANOID) COMPOUNDS.

1. Oxidation of vitamin A acetate with monoperphthalic acid gave 5,6-monoepoxyvitamin A acetate, C(22)H(32)O(3), obtained as pale-yellow crystals, m.p. 65-66 degrees . 2. Saponification of 5,6-monoepoxyvitamin A acetate yielded 5,6-monoepoxyvitamin A alcohol, which was readily oxidized with manganese dioxide to 5,6-monoepoxyvitamin A aldehyde, obtained as yellow crystals, m.p. 101-102 degrees . It was the most stable of all the epoxy compounds studied. 3. Treatment of the 5,6-epoxy compounds with ethanolic hydrochloric acid gave the corresponding 5,8-epoxy (furanoid) compounds. 5,8-Monoepoxyvitamin A aldehyde was obtained as crystals, m.p. 104-105 degrees , but was very unstable. 4. Crystalline semicarbazones and phenylhydrazones with constant melting points and characteristic spectra were prepared from 5,6- and 5,8-monoepoxyvitamin A aldehyde. 5. Reduction of 5,6- and 5,8-monoepoxyvitamin A aldehyde with lithium aluminium hydride gave the corresponding 5,6- and 5,8-monoepoxyvitamin A alcohol. 6. 5,6- and 5,8-Monoepoxyvitamin A aldehyde were fed to vitamin A-deficient rats, and the compounds obtained from the livers of rats were indistinguishable from the reduction products obtained with lithium aluminium hydride. 7. The structures of the epoxy compounds were confirmed by their chromatographic behaviour, elemental analyses, ultraviolet-, visible- and infrared-absorption spectra and nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectra.

Acetates↗
PubMed1998

Feasibility study of a natural crosslinking reagent for biological tissue fixation.

Bioprostheses derived from biological tissues must be chemically modified and subsequently sterilized before they can be implanted in humans. Various crosslinking reagents, including formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, dialdehyde starch, and epoxy compound, have been used to chemically modify biological tissues. However, these synthetic crosslinking reagents are all highly (or relatively highly) cytotoxic. It is therefore desirable to provide a crosslinking reagent suitable for use in biomedical applications that is of low cytotoxicity and that forms stable and biocompatible crosslinked products. This study evaluates the feasibility of using a naturally occurring crosslinking reagent--genipin--to chemically modify biological tissues. Genipin and its related iridoid compounds, extracted from gardenia fruits, have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatments of jaundice and various inflammatory and hepatic diseases. In this feasibility study, the cytotoxicity of genipin and the crosslinking characteristics of genipin-fixed biological tissues were investigated. Fresh porcine pericardia procured from a slaughterhouse were used as raw materials. Glutaraldehyde and an epoxy compound (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether), which has been used extensively in developing bioprostheses, were used as controls. It was found that the cytotoxicity of genipin was significantly lower than that of glutaraldehyde and the epoxy compound. The amino acid residues in the porcine pericardium that may react with genipin were lysine, hydroxylysine, and arginine. Additionally, the genipin-fixed tissue had a mechanical strength and resistance against enzymatic degradation comparable to the glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue. This suggests that genipin can form stable crosslinked products. The results of this in vitro study demonstrate that genipin is an effective crosslinking reagent for biological tissue fixation.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Study on mutagenic effects of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and its derivatives in the Escherichia coli tryptophan reverse mutation assay.

The di-epoxy compound bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), its first and second hydrolysis products (BADGE.H2O and BADGE.2H2O, respectively) and its bis-chlorohydrin derivative (BADGE.2HCl) were examined for their mutagenicity in the Escherichia coli tryptophan reverse mutation test with strains WP2, WP2uvrA and IC3327. The assays were performed in the presence and absence of exogenous metabolic activation (S9 fraction from rat liver). The di-epoxy compound BADGE was able to induce mutagenic effects in strains WP2uvrA and IC3327 and the epoxy-diol BADGE.H2O also showed a positive response with these strains, although the latter was less potent than the former. On the other hand, the lack of mutagenic activity of BADGE.2H2O and BADGE.2HCl was also demonstrated.

Benzhydryl Compounds↗
PubMed1999

Crosslinking characteristics and mechanical properties of a bovine pericardium fixed with a naturally occurring crosslinking agent.

Currently available crosslinking agents used in fixing bioprostheses are all highly (or relatively highly) cytotoxic, which may induce an adverse inflammatory reaction in vivo. It is therefore desirable to provide a crosslinking agent that is of low cytotoxicty and may form stable and biocompatible crosslinked products. To achieve this goal, a naturally occurring crosslinking agent-genipin-was used by our group to fix biological tissues. Genipin may be obtained from its parent compound, geniposide, which may be isolated from the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. In our previous studies, it was found that the cytotoxicity of genipin is significantly lower than both glutaraldehyde and an epoxy compound. Also, it was shown that genipin can form stable and biocompatible crosslinked products. The present study further investigates the crosslinking characteristics and mechanical properties of a genipin-fixed bovine pericardium. Fresh and glutaraldehyde- and epoxy-fixed counterparts were used as controls. It was found that the denaturation temperatures of the glutaraldehyde- and genipin-fixed tissues were significantly greater than the epoxy-fixed tissue, although their fixation indices were comparable. The mechanical properties of fresh bovine pericardium are anisotropic. However, fixation tended to eliminate tissue anisotropy. The tendency in the elimination of tissue anisotropy for the genipin-fixed tissue was more remarkable than for the glutaraldehyde- and epoxy-fixed tissues. In addition, the genipin-fixed tissue had the greatest ultimate tensile strength and toughness among all the fixed tissues. Distinct patterns in rupture were observed in the study: The torn collagen fibers of the genipin- and glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues appeared to be bound together, while those of fresh and the epoxy-fixed tissues stayed loose. The results obtained in the study suggests that tissue fixation in glutaraldehyde, epoxy compound, and genipin may produce distinct crosslinking structures. The differences in crosslinking structure may affect the crosslinking characteristics and mechanical properties of the fixed tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

In vitro and in vivo calcification of vascular bioprostheses.

Efficacy of different chemical treatments on calcification of vascular graft in vitro and in vivo was studied. Culture medium-filled rat aortas were separately treated in 0.2% glutaraldehyde and epoxy compound, and photooxidized in 0.01% methylene blue for a shorter period (group 1). Another group of rat aortas were separately treated in the same chemicals for a longer period (group 2). All fresh and treated aortas of both groups were cultured for 21 days in an organ culture medium and implanted (except for group 1) in weanling rats for five months. Histology and immunohistochemistry revealed that differently treated aortas of group 1 grow and calcify, and the smooth muscle cells between elastin fibers are the primary site of calcium deposition. In contrast, differently treated aortas of group 2 neither grew, nor did calcify in the medium except the epoxy compound cross-linked aorta of group 2 which did not grow but did calcify. Untreated aorta did not calcify. All fresh and differently treated aortic homografts calcified severely in rats. Our whole arterial segment-calcification system would be useful for analyzing the molecular and cellular mechanisms of both bioprosthetic and atherosclerotic calcification of vascular graft. New anticalcification technique is the only hope for better outcome of future vascular bioprostheses.

Animals↗