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Risk factors for enterobiasis were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by a questionnaire given to 277 health schoolchildren and 277 schoolchildren who suffered from enterobiasis. A prognostic table was developed for primary screening of risk groups. Preventive measures are recommended in the paper.
Enterobiasis is a helminthic disease which is very common especially in children. The IgE response has been associated with helminth infections and allergic diseases. Comparison of levels of total serum IgE of 36 children infected with Enterobius vermicularis and of 25 healthy children between 7 and 12 years of age was carried out The mean value of IgE in enterobiasis in children was 363.79+/-397.06 IU/ml (medium+/-SD) and 177.14+/-224.64 IU/ml (medium+/-SD) in the control group and it was found that there was no significant statistical difference (p=0.163).
Using social and economic criteria, the efficacy of health improving measures against enterobiasis in the organized groups of pre-school children has been assessed. The introduction of mass treatment of children with vermox into a complex of antienterobiasis measures has a considerable health improving effect, without rendering the procedure more expensive. A considerable difference between the economic damage inflicted by enterobiasis and the economic efficacy of antienterobiasis complex, including mass children treatment, forms the basis for the wide use of anthelmintics in the control of this type of helminthiasis.
Children with enterobiasis in nursery schools and kindergartens were treated with medamine according to a one-day scheme. A satisfactory tolerance to and high efficacy of medamine have been demonstrated during treatment of enterobiasis according to the above scheme.
The efficacy of hygienic measures and drug therapy of patients with enterobiasis has been compared in different organized groups of children in various regions of Lithuania. Nondrug measures and drug therapy were of similar efficacy. Vermox administration twice a year decreased the incidence of enterobiasis in children 1.9-fold, while nondrug measures decreased it 1.5-6.1-fold.
The prevalence of enterobiasis was investigated among 2,195 children in kindergarten and grade one of 12 Macao Catholic schools by a single modified Scotch tape swab. The overall infection rate was 31.5%; it ranged from 15.2% to 63.3% among schools and was higher in grade one. The prevalence was independent of sex but increased with age to a peak at 7 years; it was higher among children of lower social class and those born in Mainland China. The infection was more prevalent in the poor and congested parts of the city. The educational level of parents was a critical factor in the eradication of enterobiasis. The prevalence rate was not associated with the employment status of mother, family size, and sibling size.
Ectopic localization of oxyuriasis is rare and frequently does not cause clinical problems. It has been reported in the vagina, endometrium, fallopian tube, peritoneal surface and ovary; In these localizations it often causes pseudo-tumoral granulomas. The aim of our study was to describe etiopathogenic and clinical criteria of this rare pathology. We report one case of endometrial enterobiasis which developed in a 28-year-old women and two cases of tubo-ovarian pseudotumoral abscesses containing the ova of enterobius which appeared as a latero-uterin mass in women aged 28 and 38 years. Enterobius vermicularis may cause tubo-ovarian abscess formation with necrotizing epitheloid granulomas mimicking tumors. Antihelminth therapies are successful.
The co-evolutionary pathway seems to be the most plausible hypothesis for the explanation of the origin of human pinworms. Of the two modes of transmission of oxyurids among humans which have been documented, the direct oral/anal route is also observed in other Primates and seems to have been favoured by selection. As indirect air-borne transmission has also been shown for human enterobiasis, the question of "How this alternative to the standard transmission method could have arisen" is examined. The results of comparative studies of prevalence of Enterobius in human coprolites, in villages of Neolithic age of the arid west of North America, show that a higher prevalence of pinworms is correlated with the lower total amount of air-exchange in caves relative to other structures. The air-borne route of transmission of pinworms among humans is interpreted as an innovation in the human/Enterobius pair. This mode of transfer could have been favoured during the time when humans changed their behaviour from a hunting-gathering to a more sedentary existence, initially associated with cave habitats.
A 36-year old Korean woman consulted a clinic for a regular gynecological examination, and a mass was noticed in her pelvis. She was referred to the Asan Medical Center, Seoul where transvaginal ultrasonography confirmed a pelvic mass exceeding 10 cm in diameter. She received total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophorectomy, and a borderline serous neoplasm with micropapillary features involving the left ovary and right ovarian serosa was histopathologically confirmed. In addition, a section of a nematode with numerous eggs was found in the parenchyma of the left ovary. The worm had degenerated but the eggs were well-preserved and were identified as those of Enterobius vermicularis. She is an incidentally recognized case of ovarian enterobiasis.
Between may and july 2001, a survey was conducted in order to investigate the prevalence and symptoms of Enterobius vermicularis infection and its relationship with the socio-economic status and household crowding of 154 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years from a rural village in Falcon State, Venezuela. The Graham technique (perianal swabs with an adhesive cellulose tape) was used to perform the parasitological diagnosis. The overall prevalence was high (57.79%). There was no difference in the prevalence between sexes (X2 = 0.005; d.f. = 1) or ages (X2 = 3.63; d.f. = 6) (p > 0.05), suggesting similar risk conditions for all individuals. Anal pruritus was the most common clinical finding (53.9%). Other less frequent manifestations were the following: perianal lesions (34.8%) and vulvovaginitis (32.6%). Graffar analysis revealed that the majority of schoolchildren belong to the poorer socioeconomic strata: IV (55.9%) and V (29.87%), with overcrowded living conditions. The correlation between E. vermicularis infection and crowding rates was found to be statistically significant (r = 0.98; p < 0.001). In the light on these results, it can be concluded that poverty, overcrowding, anal pruritus, scarcity of water, inadequate personal and community hygiene play a relevant role on the transmission dynamics and endemic maintenance of enterobiasis among schoolchildren from Sabaneta.
A study of enterobiasis and its correlation with various factors that could potentially influence the rate of infection was conducted among 3,621 primary school children (five to ten years old), drawn from sixteen schools in Bang Khun Thian District, Bangkok. Diagnosis was by the transparent tape swab technique, which was used to recover Enterobius vermicularis eggs from the perianal region. The transparent tape swabs were then placed on slides for examination by light microscopy. The average rate of infection for the group was 21.57%. No statistically significant differences were found between the male and female children. The younger children had a higher rate of infection. Subjects from schools located in industrial and metropolitan areas showed slightly higher rates of infection than those from agricultural areas. Data from the questionnaires in the study indicated that factors such as parental socio-economic status (occupational, income and education) and the children's personal hygiene contributed to the varying rates of infection.
We report on a patient with chronic urticaria associated with enterobiasis vermicularis (oxyuriasis). The current distribution of Enterobius vermicularis and its importance concerning chronic urticaria of endogenous origin is evaluated and discussed.
A complex plan of enterobiasis control measures for a sharp and stable decrease of the prevalence level at nursery schools in new buildings is presented. This complex plan allows one to reduce the extent of investigations 3-4-fold. A trial of the complex plan proposed on territories with foci of different types should be expedient with its subsequent introduction into the practice.
Evidence is provided for the value and priority of sanitary and hygienic measures and hygienic education of the population in the prevention of enterobiasis. It is emphasized that preventive work can be successful only when the parents, tutors of preschool institutions and teachers of schools are obligatorily attracted to it.
Presents data on enterobiasis prevalence, medicosocial significance, and epidemiologic features in the former USSR and CIS. Analyzes the causes of ineffective control of this disease. Emphasizes the necessity of simultaneous solution of medical and nonmedical (social) problems. Distinguishes the priority trends in the disease prevention.
The paper provides evidence for dividing the prevention of enterobiasis, which is the major human helminthiasis in Russia, into social and medical ones. It proposes to implement 4 directions of medical prophylaxis: behavioral, sanitary and hygienic, functional and biological, and therapeutic and health-improving actions. The paper also characterizes measures underlying each of them.
The authors examined 20 general educational schools in Rostov-on-Don and identified 8 informative determinants of enterobiasis prevalence among them, such as the frequency of wet cleaning, the number of recreational rooms and gymnasia, over-crowding, the presence of extended-day groups, water supply, shower-rooms in the gymnasia, and shifts of educational processes.
Enterobius vermicularis is a nematode with a peculiar biological cycle, thus requiring a special diagnostic technique. In order to determine the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection among schoolchildren in Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela, 282 children aged 5-14 years old were evaluated between november 1995 and august 1996 by the Graham technique (three perianal swabs with adhesive cellulose tape). The prevalence of enterobiasis in the studied children was estimated 19.1% (54/282). There was no difference between sexes (P > 0.05), but there was a difference between ages (x2 = 13.8; 1.g. = 4), being the infection more frequent between 5 and 8 years. Symptoms were observed in 90.7% of the schoolchildren. Anal pruritus was the most common clinical finding (81.6%). Other less frequent manifestations were enuresis (28.6%) and vulvitis in girls (26.1%). This intestinal parasitosis occurs with high frequency among schoolchildren in Ciudad Bolívar with characteristic and identifiable symptoms in most cases. The Graham method must be used for its diagnosis. This test is not routinely performed in our laboratories unless specifically requested by the attending physician.