Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Economic Characteristics”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Socio-economic characteristics of adult frequent attenders in general practice: secondary analysis of data.

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to determine the effect of a range of socio-economic features on frequent attendance in general practice from a large database of general practice consultations using two definitions of frequent attendance. METHODS: Secondary analyses were carried out of data from the Fourth National Survey of Morbidity in General Practice covering 60 general practices in England and Wales. A total of 283 842 adult patients and their consultations between September 1991 and August 1992 were examined. The main outcome measure was the odds ratio of being a frequent attender (95% confidence intervals). RESULTS: Using a definition of 12+ consultations/year, men were less likely to be frequent attenders (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.13-0.17); however, the difference between men and women lessens with age. Patients who were more likely to be frequent attenders included those who were divorced or widowed (1.41, 1.31-1.51); from social classes IIIM (1.23, 1.17-1.29) and IV/V (1.33, 1.26-1.41); South Asian people (1.38, 1.16-1.65); or unemployed (1.61, 1.46-1.77). Other factors signifying isolation or poverty were also linked to frequent attendance. Using the definition of '6+ consultations for minor problems' produced broadly similar results although the relative weight of the factors showed some differences. CONCLUSIONS: Socio-economic factors were important indicators of frequent attendance in general practice. Results were very similar using either definition, suggesting that both are valid for further work. Furthermore, frequent attendance is a complex process associated with many factors outside the control of the GP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Are associations between socio-economic characteristics and exposure to air pollution a question of study area size? An example from Scania, Sweden.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that exposure to air pollutants in the area of residence and the socio-economic status of an individual may be related. Therefore, when conducting an epidemiological study on the health effect of air pollution, socio-economy may act as a confounding factor. In this paper we examine to what extent socio-economic status and concentrations of NO2 in the county/region of Scania, southern Sweden, are associated and if such associations between these factors differ when studying them at county or city level. To perform this study we used high-resolution census data and modelled the annual exposure to NO2 using an emission database, a dispersion modelling program and a geographical information system (GIS). RESULTS: The results from this study confirm that socio-economic status and the levels of NO2 in the area of residence are associated in some cities. The associations vary considerably between cities within the same county (Scania). Even for cities of similar sizes and population bases the associations observed are different. Studying the cities together or separately yields contradictory results, especially when education is used as a socio-economic indicator. CONCLUSION: Four conclusions have been drawn from the results of this study. 1) Adjusting for socio-economy is important when investigating the health effects of air pollution. 2) The county of Scania seems to be heterogeneous regarding the association between air pollution and socio-economy. 3) The relationship between air pollution and socio-economy differs in the five cities included in our study, depending on whether they are analysed separately or together. It is therefore inadvisable to determine and analyse associations between socio-economy and exposure to air pollutants on county level. This study indicates that the size and choice of study area is of great importance. 4) The selection of socio-economic indices (in this study: country of birth and education level) is important.

Journal Article↗