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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Randomised controlled trial of Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: HELP NSAIDs study. Helicobacter Eradication for Lesion Prevention.

BACKGROUND: The effect of Helicobacter pylori in patients receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is unclear. We investigated the effects of H. pylori eradication in patients with current or previous peptic ulceration, dyspepsia, or both who continued to use NSAIDs. METHODS: 285 patients were randomly assigned omeprazole 20 mg, amoxycillin 1000 mg, and clarithromycin 500 mg, twice daily (n=142, H. pylori eradication treatment), or omeprazole with placebo antibiotics (n=143, controls) for 1 week. All patients received omeprazole 20 mg once daily for 3 weeks until endoscopy, and, if the ulcer was not healed, 40 mg once daily until repeat endoscopy at 8 weeks. Ulcer-free patients with mild dyspepsia continued NSAIDs but not antiulcer treatment. We investigated ulcers with endoscopy at 1, 3, and 6 months and with carbon-13-labelled urea breath test at 3 months. FINDINGS: The estimated probability of being ulcer-free at 6 months was 0.56 (95% CI 0.47-0.65) on eradication treatment and 0.53 (0.44-0.62) on on control treatment (p=0.80). Time to treatment failure did not differ between groups for ulcers or dyspepsia alone, per-protocol analysis, or final H. pylori status. 66% (58-74) of the eradication group compared with 14% (8-20) of the control group had a final negative H. pylori result (p<0.001). Fewer baseline gastric ulcers healed among eradication-treatment patients than among controls (72 vs 100% at 8 weeks, p=0.006). INTERPRETATION: H. pylori eradication in long-term users of NSAIDs with past or current peptic ulcer or troublesome dyspepsia led to impaired healing of gastric ulcers and did not affect the rate of peptic ulcers or dyspepsia over 6 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

A systematic review of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy--the impact of antimicrobial resistance on eradication rates.

BACKGROUND: We systematically reviewed all available data in the literature to determine the overall eradication rates of currently advised Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens and to resolve conflicting evidence on the impact of antimicrobial resistance on the eradication rates. METHODS: A comprehensive search of all published trials on H. pylori eradication therapy was carried out via an electronic database search, hand-searching and checking reference lists of pharmaceutical companies and other reviews. Full papers and abstracts in the English language which study currently advised eradication regimes were included. RESULTS: 770 study-arms were analysed. Mean eradication rates for bismuth based triple, proton pump inhibitor triple, quadruple and ranitidine bismuth citrate combination therapies vary from 65 to 92%. In case of nitroimidazole resistance, a drop in efficacy of up to 50% was found for bismuth-based triple and proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapies. For quadruple therapy, a significant difference in efficacy was found in the equal-effects analysis; however, this could not be confirmed in the random-effects analysis. In case of clarithromycin resistance, a mean drop in efficacy of 56% was found for one- and two-week clarithromycin containing proton pump inhibitor-triple therapies and of 58% for two-week ranitidine bismuth citrate combined with clarithromycin therapies. For ranitidine bismuth citrate combined with clarithromycin and nitroimidazole, no difference in efficacy was found in case of nitroimidazole or clarithromycin resistance, but data are still scarce. CONCLUSIONS: The cure rate with most regimens dropped significantly, in case of nitroimidazole-resistant strains, compared to nitroimidazole-susceptible strains. In case of clarithromycin resistance, the efficacy of most regimens is also decreased; however, data are still scarce. These data should allow physicians to make a better choice of an appropriate therapy for their patients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

[Eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Is it necessary to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in gastric reflux?].

POTENTIAL PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF H. PYLORI: Epidemiological studies have not demonstrated an association between H. pylori infection and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux, reflux esophagitis, or Barrett's esophagus with or without dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma. On the contrary, an apparently favorable negative association has been identified suggested a potential protective effect of H. pylori. An inverse association is also observed between the severity of reflux complications and infection by strains of H. pylori expressing certain virulence markers (cogA) associated with the more severe gastric lesions. The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux-related disease has increased steadily for more than fifty years while the incidence of H. pylori infection has decreased in developed countries. This observation might suggest that H. pylori infection plays a protective role. In addition, eradication of H. pylori could favor he development of gastroesophageal reflux or reflux esophagitis. The degree of risk is unknown. Pangastritis with significant lesions of the gastric body leading to a reversible decrease in the secretion of acid after H. pylori eradication might lower the risk of gastroesophageal reflux. POTENTIAL PROMOTION EFFECT: The relations between H. pylori and gastroesophageal reflux are complex. Reflux associated with duodenal ulcer appears to be improved by eradication of H. pylori suggesting that infection might promote the development of reflux. The causal mechanism would be increased acid secretion induced by antral gastritis predominantly resulting from the H. pylori infection. Further work is needed to determine the exact role of gastritis and perturbed acid secretion. PERSPECTIVES: Data on the role of H. pylori in transient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, implicated in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux, are lacking. Antisecretion treatments reduce the quantity of gastric acid favoring H. pylori colonization of the fundic mucosa and possibly aggravating fundic gastritis. The risk of progression from H. pylori gastritis to atrophy or intestinal metaplasia of the fundus under prolonged proton pump inhibitor treatment remains to be determined. Eradication of H. pylori reduces the efficacy of antisecretory drugs according to poorly understood mechanisms. The potential effect of gastroesophageal reflux on the transmission of H. pylori infection remains to be established. PRACTICAL ATTITUDE: Much remains to be learned concerning the beneficial or deleterious effects of eradication of H. pylori on the course of gastroesophageal reflux. In clinical practice, eradication of H. pylori is not useful for patients with gastroesophageal reflux.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Poliomyelitis eradication: progress, challenges for the end game, and preparation for the post-eradication era.

In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis globally by the year 2000. Dramatic progress toward this goal has occurred: three of the six WHO regions (Region of the Americas, European Region, and Western Pacific Region) are now polio free; and the number of polio-endemic countries decreased from over 125 in 1988 to 30 in 1999. Intensified efforts currently are underway to reach the target as soon as possible after 2000 in the three remaining polio-endemic WHO regions (African Region, Eastern Mediterranean Region, and South-East Asia Region). Even in polio-endemic regions, many countries are already polio free as the geographic extent of poliovirus shrinks while others. especially those experiencing conflict and war, pose substantial challenges to implementing the proven polio eradication strategies. Increasing attention and research now are devoted to the certification of polio eradication in the polio-free regions (that will include the first phase of implementing the Global Plan of Action for the laboratory containment of wild poliovirus) and formulating a policy for stopping all polio vaccination once eradication, containment, and global certification have been achieved. This report outlines the progress toward polio eradication and highlights some of the remaining issues and challenges that must be addressed before polio becomes a disease that future generations know only by history.

Africa↗
PubMed2005

First-line eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori in primary health care based on antibiotic resistance: results of three eradication regimens.

AIM: To determine the efficacy of three Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens and factors affecting the eradication results in Finland. METHODS: A total of 342 H. pylori-positive adult patients from primary health care referred for gastroscopy at 23 centres in different parts of Finland were randomized to receive either (i) lansoprazole 30 mg b.d., amoxicillin 1 g b.d. and metronidazole 400 mg t.d.s. (LAM), (ii) lansoprazole 30 mg b.d., amoxicillin 1 g b.d. and clarithromycin 500 mg b.d. (LAC), or (iii) ranitidine bismuth citrate 400 mg b.d., metronidazole 400 mg t.d.s. and tetracycline 500 mg q.d.s. (RMT). A (13)C-urea breath test was performed 4 weeks after therapy. RESULTS: The eradication result could be assessed in 329 cases. Intention-to-treat cure rates of LAM, LAC, and RMT were 78, 91 and 81%. The difference was significant between LAM and LAC (P = 0.01) and between LAC and RMT (P = 0.04). The eradication rates in cases with metronidazole-susceptible vs. -resistant isolates were for LAM 93% vs. 53% (P = 0.00001), for LAC 95% vs. 84%, and for RMT 91% vs. 67% (P = 0.002). Previous antibiotic use, smoking, and coffee drinking reduced the efficacy of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In unselected patients in primary health care, LAC was the most effective first-line eradication.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1999

[Eradication rate and side effect from a point of view of Helicobacter pylori eradication of peptic ulcer disease in dual therapy or new triple therapy].

Eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori in dual therapy (omeprazole/amoxicillin) are reported in the range of 28-91%, side effect such as loose stool and skin reaction are reported 3.9-16.8%. In our study, eradication rate in dual therapy is 69.6% (lansoprazole/amoxicillin) and 74.0% (lansoprazole/clarithromycin). In triple therapy, eradication rate is 93.8% (lansoprazole/amoxicillin/clarithromycin), 94.4% (lansoprazole/amoxicillin/metronidazole) and 100.0% (lansoprazole/clarithromycin/metronidazole). There is no difference eradication rate between 1 week (89.2%) and 2 weeks (92.9%) regimen. In general, eradication rate of new triple therapy is effective in the range of 80-100%, and side effect are reported in 1.7-49%. However, Suzuki et al reported side effect decreased in new triple therapy adding mucosal protective agent.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1983

Eradication of tumor cells after injection into immunized hosts compared with the eradication of tumor cells after transfer of immune peritoneal exudates into tumor-bearing recipients.

DBA/2 mice were immunized against the syngeneic SL2 lymphoma by two or five injections with irradiated lymphoma cells given IP or SC, respectively. The antitumor efficacy induced in immunized mice was tested by (a) IP injection of the immunized mice with nonirradiated tumor cells and (b) transfer of the total 'immune' peritoneal exudate, the cellular fraction only, or the cell-free fraction only, IP into tumor-bearing recipients, or (c) tumor neutralization tests (Winn assay). It was shown that immunized mice were able to reject 5 X 10(7) SL2 tumor cells (8 of 14 mice survived greater than 100 days), while in most transfer experiments 2 X 10(5) SL2 cells could be eradicated. In the tumor neutralization experiments a number of 10(6) SL2 cells were eradicated. When the immune exudates were given before the inoculations of SL2 tumor cells the number of survivors increased significantly. Further, it was shown that the cellular fraction is the major contributor to the antitumor effect in the transfer experiments, since there was no significant difference in tumor eradication after injection of a complete immune exudate and after injection of the isolated cellular fraction. Injection of the noncellular fraction had no measurable antitumor effect. An increase in the number of injections with total peritoneal exudates from immunized mice did not result in an increase in tumor eradication in the tumor-bearing recipients. Extra stimulation (IP) of immunized mice with 10(4) nonirradiated cells 6 days after the last immunization resulted in an increase of the antitumor efficacy of these peritoneal exudates of these mice when collected 4-24 h after this stimulation. Extra stimulation with 10(6) irradiated cells had no measurable effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Perceptions and priorities in disease eradication: dracunculiasis eradication in Africa.

Dracunculiasis, guinea worm disease, is an incapacitating disease affecting people in poor, remote areas of Africa, in Yemen, and a few remaining areas of the Indian subcontinent where there is poor access to protected water sources. The neglect of this preventable disease and its belated recognition are analyzed within the context of changing priorities for health since the 1870s, especially the shift from the paradigm of Imperial Medicine to Primary Health Care. A global eradication effort took off during the 1980s, and, although the original target date of December 1995 has passed, the program has achieved a remarkable recent diminution in the number of recorded cases, over 99% of which are now found in Africa. Eradication policies in Africa are briefly explored in relation to current concerns such as the incorporation of dracunculiasis eradication measures in cash-starved primary health care programs. The wider implications of an eradication campaign which is on the verge of success are also considered.

Africa↗
PubMed2007

Meta-analysis: the effect of supplementation with probiotics on eradication rates and adverse events during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy.

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence found probiotics could inhibit Helicobacter pylori colonization from both in vitro and in vivo studies. AIM: To systematically evaluate whether adding probiotics to anti-H. pylori regimens could improve eradication rates and reduce side effects during anti-H. pylori treatment. METHODS: Eligible articles were identified by searches of electronic databases. We included all randomized trials comparing probiotics supplementation to placebo or no treatment during anti-H. pylori regimens. Statistical analysis was performed with Review Manager 4.2.8. Subanalysis/Sensitivity analysis was also performed. RESULTS: We identified 14 randomized trials (n = 1671). Pooled H. pylori eradication rates were 83.6% (95% CI = 80.5-86.7%) and 74.8% (95% CI = 71.1-78.5%) for patients with or without probiotics by intention-to-treat analysis, respectively, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.84 (95% CI = 1.34-2.54); the occurrence of total side effects were 24.7% (95% CI = 20.0-29.4%) and 38.5% (95% CI = 33.0-44.1%) for groups with or without probiotics, especially for diarrhoea, the summary OR was 0.44 (95% CI = 0.30-0.66). CONCLUSIONS: Our review suggests that supplementation with probiotics could be effective in increasing eradication rates of anti-H. pylori therapy, and could be considered helpful for patients with eradication failure. Furthermore, probiotics show a positive impact on H. pylori therapy-related side effects.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1963

ECOLOGICAL CHANGE AS A FACTOR IN RENEWED MALARIA TRANSMISSION IN AN ERADICATED AREA. A LOCALIZED OUTBREAK OF A. AQUASALIS-TRANSMITTED MALARIA ON THE DEMERARA RIVER ESTUARY, BRITISH GUIANA, IN THE FIFTEENTH YEAR OF A. DARLINGI AND MALARIA ERADICATION.

In British Guiana, the successful eradication of Anopheles darlingi and malaria from the coastal areas has caused a very rapid increase in the population and has favoured a considerable social and economic improvement and expansion of both agriculture and industry. Housing and industrial developments and the constantly expanding rice cultivation have taken over most of the accessible pasture-lands, displacing the livestock which previously abounded around villages and settlements. Mechanization on the roads and in the fields increases daily, and the horse, the mule, the donkey and the ploughing oxen are gradually becoming obsolete.In some areas these changes have already caused such an upset in the balance between the human and the livestock population that A. aquasalis, a very abundant species all along the coast, but until recently entirely "fixed" by the livestock population, is now shifting its attention from livestock to man. On the Demerara river estuary, an area where malaria transmission was interrupted sixteen years ago and where eradication has been continually maintained, this mosquito has been responsible for a sharp, but localized, outbreak of P. vivax malaria. An entirely new epidemiological problem thus presents itself.Environmental changes, introduced and fostered by successful malaria eradication, may thus cause an anopheline species, potentially capable of malaria transmission, but originally inactive and harmless as a vector, to alter its feeding habits and thereby renew transmission. The immediate and long-term significance of some secondary and potential vectors may therefore require renewed evaluation in the planning of malaria eradication campaigns.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Recurrence rate of H. pylori after successful eradication and second eradication therapy after initial failure of treatment].

Three hundred thirty-three patient (116 gastric ulcer, 119 duodenal ulcer, 98 gastritis) who were successfully eradicated were enrolled in the study of H. pylori recurrence rate. H. pylori status was determined by histology, rapid urease test, 13C-urea breath test. The mean of the follow-up period was 13.3 months (2-56 months), and 15 patients showed negative to positive conversion of H. pylori. The recurrence rate was 4.4% for one year and 8.3% for two years using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Second eradication therapy after initial failure is another concern. Nineteen patients were assigned to receive an 1-week new triple therapy (clarithromycin, metronidazole and PPI), in whom a 2-week course of dual therapy (amoxicillin plus PPI) failed (group1). Another 15 patients in whom the 1-week new triple therapy failed were switched to the 2-week course of dual therapy plus ecabet sodium (group2). H. pylori was eradicated in 84.2% (16/19) of patients in group1 and 86.7% (13/15) in group2.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1956

Treponematosis eradication, with special reference to yaws eradication in Haiti.

This paper outlines the general administrative and therapeutic principles governing yaws eradication campaigns, with particular reference to the operational problems encountered in Haiti. The ways in which those problems were solved are described in the course of a relatively detailed account of the yaws eradication programme which began in that country in 1950 and which has now reached the end of the "mopping-up" phase. The author points out that lessons learnt in this mass treatment campaign can usefully be applied to eradication programmes against other diseases.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed1989

[Tenth anniversary of smallpox eradication: Results of epidemiological and virological surveillance and studies in the post-eradication period].

In accordance with recommendations of the Global Commission on the certification of smallpox eradication for the 10-year period after the eradication of this infection, all suspected cases of smallpox have been thoroughly checked up, and in none of them the diagnosis of smallpox has been confirmed. The study of monkeypox in humans has revealed that this zoonosis is spread over a wider area than supposed earlier and covers 7 countries of Equatorial Africa, occurring most frequently in Zaire. In about 70% of cases of monkeypox in human the disease is contracted from animals serving as natural virus carriers and in about one-third of such cases, from humans having monkeypox. The infectivity of humans with monkeypox for persons having close contacts with them is somewhat lower (12.3%) than in smallpox when this characteristic varies from 37% to 88%. Monkeypox in humans may take an asymptomatic course. Some species of tropical squirrels serve as natural virus carriers. These investigations have also resulted in essential corrections being made in understanding the ecology of cowpox virus, another orthopoxvirus pathogenic for man. At least 5 species of rodents have proved to be of interest as natural carriers of cowpox virus.

Africa↗
PubMed1977

[Global program of smallpox eradication. 1. Smallpox in the world before acceptance of the program of its eradication by the World Health Organization].

Despite a considerable success in control smallpox in a number of countries reached as a result of vaccination the problem of eradication of this infection could not be solved without uniting the efforts of all the countries in the world. Guided by humanity principles the delegation of the USSR suggested in 1958 a program of smallpox eradication in the whole world. World smallpox morbidity is analyzed in this work.

Africa↗
PubMed1998

[Waiting for the end of poliomyelitis. Setting of the last phase of the eradication program. National Commission for the Certification of the Eradication of Poliomyelitis].

The worldwide eradication of poliomyelitis is expected within a few years. A reinforcement of epidemiological, clinical and viral supervision is necessary. Besides a sustained immunization effort, particular attention is required from all clinicians concerning the cases of non-traumatic acute flacid palsy that they may observe. In these cases it is asked to clinicians to perform a search for enterovirus in stool and spinal fluid, and a poliomyelitis serology.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗