Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ENGLAND”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Increasing rates of cerebral palsy across the severity spectrum in north-east England 1964-1993. The North of England Collaborative Cerebral Palsy Survey.

OBJECTIVES: To report epidemiological trends in cerebral palsy including analyses by severity. DESIGN: Descriptive longitudinal study in north-east England. Every child with suspected cerebral palsy was examined by a developmental paediatrician to confirm the diagnosis. Severity of impact of disability was derived from a parent completed questionnaire already developed and validated for this purpose. SUBJECTS: All children with cerebral palsy, not associated with any known postneonatal insult, born 1964-1993 to mothers resident at the time of birth in the study area. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cerebral palsy rates by year, birth weight, and severity. Severity of 30% and above defines the more reliably ascertained cases; children who died before assessment at around 6 years of age are included in the most severe group (70% and above). RESULTS: 584 cases of cerebral palsy were ascertained, yielding a rate that rose from 1.68 per 1000 neonatal survivors during 1964-1968 to 2.45 during 1989-1993 (rise = 0.77; 95% confidence interval 0.2-1.3). For the more reliably ascertained cases there was a twofold increase in rate from 0.98 to 1.96 (rise = 0.98; 95% confidence interval 0.5-1.4). By birth weight, increases in rates were from 29.8 to 74.2 per 1000 neonatal survivors < 1500 g and from 3.9 to 11.5 for those 1500-2499 g. Newborns < 2500 g now contribute one half of all cases of cerebral palsy and just over half of the most severe cases, whereas in the first decade of this study they contributed one third of all cases and only one sixth of the most severe (chi(2) and chi(2) for trend p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of cerebral palsy has risen in spite of falling perinatal and neonatal mortality rates, a rise that is even more pronounced when the mildest and least reliably ascertained are excluded. The effect of modern care seems to be that many babies < 2500 g who would have died in the perinatal period now survive with severe cerebral palsy. A global measure of severity should be included in registers of cerebral palsy to determine a minimum threshold for international comparisons of rates, and to monitor changes in the distribution of severity.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1982

Pitfalls in screening for neonatal hypothyroidism. Report of the New England Regional Screening Program and the New England Congenital Hypothyroidism Collaborative.

This report reviews problems encountered during the first five years of operation of the New England Regional Screening Program. Human error was responsible for either overlooked or delayed diagnosis and treatment in 14/159 infants with hypothyroidism. This group consisted of three infants who were never tested, six infants whose diagnosis was missed because of errors during the processing of the blood specimens, and five additional children in whom the diagnosis of hypothyroidism could not be made at birth because the concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone were not elevated. Many of the problems, most of which occurred during the first two years of the study, have been eliminated by improved communication and monitoring. This study emphasizes the potential vulnerability of all screening programs and underscores the need for physicians to continue to exercise their best clinical judgement regardless of the circumstances.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
PubMed1996

[Emigration of German psychiatrists to England. 1: England as a refuge for psychiatrists].

During Nazi time some 100 German psychiatrists emigrated to the U.K. and worked there for the rest of their lives or a number of years. An approximately equal number of them came into close contact with (a) the developing modern British psychiatry and (b) with psychoanalysis, which had already been established for a long time. With the exception of the Maudsley Hospital and the British Psychoanalytic Society, no groups have been established, so that there are many individual life histories of the former German psychiatrists in the U.K. in a series of papers we intend to review the movement and its consequences. Long before the emigration movement began there were already convergent evolutions in the British and German psychiatry. The current paper studies the historical conditions encountered by the psychiatric clinicians and classical-psychiatric immigrants on their arrival in Britain.

Emigration and Immigration↗
PubMed1985

Provision of services for the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease in England and Wales. Third report of a Joint Cardiology Committee. Royal College of Physicians of London and the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

The principal conclusions of the report are as follows. Cardiology continues to change rapidly. In the five years since the issue of the Second Report of the Joint Cardiology Committee in 1980 the specialty has been affected principally by the increase in coronary artery surgery and the increasing importance of non-invasive techniques of diagnosis, particularly echocardiography. The burden of heart disease in Britain shows some decline recently, but this falls short of that which has occurred in other countries. The vital role of the initial assessment of patients to ensure the efficient use of limited resources falls upon physicians and paediatricians in district general hospitals. Each district general hospital should have at least one physician, practising general medicine but having a special expertise and training in cardiology. He should undertake echocardiography, stress testing, ambulatory monitoring, emergency pacing, rehabilitation, and cardiac intensive care, with the necessary facilities and staff. He will also play an important part in the follow up of patients assessed and treated at cardiac centres. Paediatricians should continue to evaluate children with heart disease and their training should include periods at cardiac centres. Cardiac centres currently undertaking invasive investigations and cardiac surgery need to expand to cope with demand. A target figure of 750-1000 coronary artery bypass operations annually is suggested. This implies three or four surgeons and six cardiologists per centre. Other staffing should be based on these figures. Smaller centres are not necessarily non-viable but should be encouraged to expand or merge. Funding should be clarified so that regional contributions to regional services are identified and not lost in district budgets. Expensive capital equipment should be regionally funded whether sited in cardiac centres of district general hospitals. (7) Supraregional centres for the cardiac problems of infants under the age of one year have been identified ans should receive supraregional funding. Their staffing and equipment should be appropriate to the exceptional demands of this work. If such a centre is sited within an existing cardiac centre the staff will be additional to those needed for the adult work. Facilities for older children should continue to be provided, as at present, at all cardiac centres. (8) Cardiac transplantation should be funded supraregionally. (9) The medical audit of cardiac work should be supported by the Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS). (10) Research remains a high priority, and cardiac centres should be provided with the facilities, and staff with the contracts and time, to undertake it. (11) A revision of this report is recommended within five years.

Cardiac Care Facilities↗