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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Hydrogen bonding with adsorbent during storage governs drug dissolution from solid-dispersion granules.

PURPOSE: To investigate changes in drug dissolution on storage of ternary solid-dispersion granules containing poorly water-soluble drugs. METHODS: Hot-melt granulation was used to prepare ternary solid-dispersion granules in which the drug was dispersed in a carrier and coated onto an adsorbent. Seven drugs including four carboxylic acid-containing drugs (BAY 12-9566, naproxen, ketoprofen, and indomethacin). a hydroxyl-containing drug (testosterone), an amide-containing drug (phenacetin), and a drug with no proton-donating group (progesterone) were studied. Gelucire 50/13 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 were used as dispersion carriers whereas Neusilin US2 (magnesium aluminosilicate) was used as the surface adsorbent. RESULTS: Two competing mechanisms have been proposed to explain the complex changes observed in drug dissolution upon storage of solid dispersion granules. Conversion of the crystalline drug to the amorphous hydrogen bonded (to Neusilin) state seems to increase dissolution, whereas, the phenomenon of Ostwald ripening can be used to explain the decrease in drug dissolution upon storage. The solubility of the drug in Gelucire is a crucial factor in determining the predominant mechanism by governing the flux toward the surface of Neusilin. The mobility for this phenomenon was provided by the existence of the eutectic mixture in the molten liquid state during storage. CONCLUSIONS: A competitive balance between hydrogen bonding of the drugs with Neusilin and Ostwald ripening determines drug dissolution from solid-dispersion granules upon storage.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1994

Adipose tissue storage of drugs as a function of binding competition. In-vitro studies with distribution dialysis.

Distribution dialysis was used to study binding competition between homogenates of adipose tissue and of lean tissues. The concentration ratios adipose/X (X = blood, muscle, lung, liver) of eight lipophilic drugs were determined in the absence and in the presence of a competing binding system X. With drugs which do not undergo storage in adipose tissue in-vivo, yet have a high volume of distribution, such as imipramine or desipramine, there was strong binding competition, and the balance of distribution was shifted from adipose to lean tissues. In the case of indomethacin with a low volume of distribution this shift was from adipose tissue to blood. With diazepam there was a marked binding competition which was not, however, sufficient to shift the balance of distribution away from adipose tissue. Binding competition was negligible with thiopentone. In contrast, with the equally lipophilic hexethal a moderate binding competition was observed. This is consistent with a decreased adipose tissue storage of the latter barbiturate. It is concluded that binding competition exists not only between blood and tissues but also among individual tissues. It is suggested that occurrence and extent of adipose tissue storage of drugs are determined by binding competition between lean and adipose tissues and, more generally, that distribution of lipophilic drugs is largely a function of binding competition.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2006

Storage of antimalarials at household level and associated factors in Kiromo ward, Bagamoyo Tanzania.

BACKGROUND: Malaria is a highly debilitating and frequently fatal disease of wide distribution. Improper drug storage and rampant self-medication are some of the factors that may contribute to an increase in the development of drug resistance by malaria parasites towards antimalarials. OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent of antimalarial drugs storage, sources and associated factors at household level at Kiromo ward in Bagamoyo, Coast region, Tanzania after the introduction of SP replacing chloroquine as first line. METHODS: A total of 300 households from three villages making up Kiromo ward were included in this study. Swahili version of the questionnaire and a checklist were used in data collection. RESULTS: Of the 300 households visited 25 (8.3%) were found to store antimalarials. The most commonly stored antimalarials were amodiaquine (30.8%) and quinine (34.6%). Most of these were in tablet form (76.9%). The source of these drugs was mostly from dispensaries. Kiromo was the only dispensary in the ward and others were outside the ward. These drugs were stored in special containers for safety. Frequent episodes of illness in the family were given as the most (56%) common reasons for drug storage in the families, followed by distance (20%). There was a statistically significant (p<0.05) association between storage of antimalarial drugs and number of children in the family and presence of a family member with febrile illness. The study further showed that out of 26 different types of antimalarials stored, only 7 (26.9%) had expiry dates on the containers because these were original containers of the drugs. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that few households store antimalarial drugs with amodiaquine and quinine being the most stored. The majority of the households obtained antimalarial drugs from dispensaries. Health education should be given not only to the patients but also the entire general public on the appropriate drug use, safety, expiry dates and appropriate storage. A model dispensary like Kiromo should be implemented in other rural areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of preparation and storage on drug release from ointments containing the dissolved drug].

The drug release from an ointment that contains dissolved drug depends on the kind of preparation and on the time of storage. This indicates a relationship between shear treatment (disruption of the gel matrix) and liberation rate. With increasing storage time of the ointment the liberation rate decreases due to the increasing diffusional resistance of the reforming gel matrix.

Bupranolol↗
PubMed1994

Managing oncology research protocols.

Oncology research protocol management is important for the effective execution of clinical trials with oncology patients. Clinical trials explore investigational drug safety, efficacy, and effectiveness. Investigational drugs have not received approval for widespread use and marketing by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has several branches concerned with investigational drug procurement, distribution, and recordkeeping of investigational cancer chemotherapy agents. Before an investigational drug is approved by the FDA for marketing in the United States, it must undergo several phases of pre-clinical and clinical trials. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) must review and approve clinical trials to ensure that studies meet legal, ethical, and scientific standards. The principal investigator (PI) takes responsibility for the clinical trial. Informed consent must be obtained from subjects before they may participate in clinical trials. The informed consent form is reviewed by the IRB. The investigational drug storage, accountability, ordering, distribution, and drug information dissemination process is improved with a pharmacy-coordinated investigational drug service.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗