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Results for “Dropout Characteristics”

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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Delayed branching of endothelial capillary-like cords in glycated collagen I is mediated by early induction of PAI-1.

Development of micro- and macrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus (DM) warrants a thorough investigation into the repertoire of endothelial cell (EC) responses to diabetic environmental cues. Using human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) cultured in three-dimensional (3-D) native collagen I (NC) or glycated collagen I (GC), we observed capillary cord formation that showed a significant reduction in branching when cells were cultured in GC. To gain insight into the molecular determinants of this phenomenon, HUVEC subjected to GC vs. NC were studied using a PCR-selected subtraction approach. Nine different genes were identified as up- or downregulated in response to GC; among those, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA was found to be upregulated by GC. Western blot analysis of HUVEC cultured on GC showed an increase in PAI-1 expression. The addition of a neutralizing anti-PAI-1 antibody to HUVEC cultured in GC restored the branching pattern of formed capillary cords. In contrast, supplementation of culture medium with the constitutively active PAI-1 reproduced defective branching patterns in HUVEC cultured in NC. Ex vivo capillary sprouting in GC was unaffected in PAI-1 knockout mice but was inhibited in wild-type mice. This difference persisted in diabetic mice. In conclusion, the PCR-selected subtraction technique identified PAI-1 as one of the genes characterizing an early response of HUVEC to the diabetic-like interstitial environment modeled by GC and responsible for the defective branching of endothelial cells. We propose that an upregulation of PAI-1 is causatively linked to the defective formation of capillary networks during wound healing and eventual vascular dropout characteristic of diabetic nephropathy.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Web-based research: methodological variables' effects on dropout and sample characteristics.

Previous research has made a beginning in addressing the importance of methodological differences in Web-based research. The present paper presents four studies investigating whether sample type, financial incentives, time when personal information is requested, table design, and method of obtaining informed consent influence dropout and sample characteristics (both demographics and measured attitudes). Undergraduates were less likely to drop out than nonstudents, and nonstudents offered a financial incentive were less likely to drop out than those offered no incentive. Complex tables, tables that were too wide, requests for personal information on the first page, and the imposing of additional informed consent procedures each provoked early dropout. As was expected, nonstudents and those presented with complex tables showed more measurement error and attitude differences. Asking for personal information and imposing additional consent procedures affected the demographic makeup, raising challenges to external validity.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Characteristics associated with the dropout of hypertensive patients followed up in an outpatient referral clinic.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics associated with the dropout of patients followed up in a Brazilian out patient clinic specializing in hypertension. METHODS: Planned prospective cohort study of patients who were prescribed an antihypertensive treatment after an extensive initial evaluation. The following parameters were analyzed: sex, age, educational level, duration of disease, pressure level used for classifying the patient, previous treatment, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, familial history of hypertension, and lesion in a target organ. RESULTS: We studied 945 hypertensive patients, 533 (56%) of whom dropped out of the follow-up. The mean age was 52.3+/-12.9 years. The highest probabilities of dropout of the follow-up were associated with current smoking, relative risk of 1.46 (1.04-2.06); educational level equal to or below 5 years of schooling, relative risk of 1.52 (1.11-2.08); and hypertension duration below 5 years, relative risk of 1.78 (1.28-2.48). Age increase was associated with a higher probability of follow-up with a relative risk of 0.98 (0.97-0.99). CONCLUSION: We identified a group at risk for dropping out the follow-up, which comprised patients with a lower educational level, a recent diagnosis of hypertension, and who were smokers. We think that measures assuring adherence to treatment should be directed to this group of patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Initial motivations for alcohol treatment: relations with patient characteristics, treatment involvement, and dropout.

This study examines (a) the relation of initial treatment motivations to alcoholics' involvement in outpatient treatment and dropout and (b) the relations among patient characteristics, severity, alcohol expectancies, motivation, and treatment retention. A treatment motivation questionnaire (TMQ) was developed to assess both internalized and external motivations for treatment, as well as confidence in the treatment and orientation towards interpersonal help seeking. In Study 1, the TMQ was administered to 109 outpatients entering an alcoholism clinic. Based on these data the scale was revised and was administered to a subsequent sample of 98 subjects seeking treatment. Information about demographic variables, measures of substance use, alcohol expectancies, and psychiatric severity was also gathered. Eight weeks after intake, outcome was evaluated through attendance records and clinician ratings. Results revealed that internalized motivation was associated with greater patient involvement and retention in treatment. Subjects high in both internalized and external motivation demonstrated the best attendance and treatment retention while those low in internalized motivation showed the poorest treatment retention while those low in internalized motivation showed the poorest treatment response, regardless of the level of external motivation. Problem severity was also related to a greater degree of internalized motivation. The importance of initial motivations in understanding treatment response and dropout is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors differentiating dropouts from completers in a longitudinal, multicenter clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Subject dropout from a prospective, longitudinal trial can produce biases in the remaining sample that affect study findings and their interpretation, yet little is known about factors contributing to dropout. OBJECTIVE: To determine characteristics differentiating those who complete from those who drop out of a longitudinal multicenter clinical trial. METHODS: In this study, 578 parents and other caretakers of infants at risk for cardiopulmonary arrest enrolled in a longitudinal trial investigating the psychosocial impact of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. In this secondary analysis, the baseline sociodemographic, emotional, psychosocial, and infant characteristics of those who dropped from the trial were compared with those who completed the study. RESULTS: The study was completed by 60% (n = 347) of the participants. Those most likely to drop out were fathers or other caretakers (vs. mothers) employed outside the home who spoke English (vs. Spanish); were assigned to an experimental group (vs. a control group); had higher levels of depression, hostility, and overall psychosocial distress; and held negative views about health care. CONCLUSION: Although a few sociodemographic characteristics differentiated dropouts from completers, personal, emotional and psychosocial factors were the predominant predictors of dropouts. Other reputed sources of retention difficulties (e.g., income, education, minority status, lack of social support, or problems with family functioning) did not predict dropout.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Counseling male spouse abusers: characteristics of treatment completers and dropouts.

This article examines differential demographic and personality characteristics of completers (n = 88) and dropouts (n = 68) from a spouse abuse abatement counseling program. Chi-square analyses on categorical data and multivariate analyses of variance on personality test data revealed several predicted findings. In general, treatment dropouts were younger and had lower employment levels than treatment completers. Dropouts also had higher pretreatment levels of police contact than completers for alcohol- and drug-related offenses, as well as miscellaneous offenses, but not for violent offenses. Personality data indicated greater borderline and schizoidal tendencies among dropouts, compared to completers, as measured by the Millon Clinical Multixial Inventory (MCMI). Moreover, completers evidence lower levels of overall psychopathology than dropouts. Discriminant function analyses correctly predicted 71% of dropouts with the following variables: volunteer status, race, employment, MCMI-Alcohol scale and pretreatment miscellaneous criminal offenses. The results of the present study are discussed in terms of victim safety planning and program policy implications.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed2002

[Research on factors for dropout from treatment by outpatients of alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence (I)--Based on statements of medical treatment personnel].

This study have in view the elucidation of factors related to treatment dropouts of alcohol abuse and dependence outpatients. The medical staff of the clinic "S" held two workshops and the discussion data was analyzed by a Total Quality Management (TQM) method to see a strategy for avoiding dropout. There were three side characteristics, for dropout factors, i.e., patients' and clinic's and relations between two sides. To cope with patients' factors a better communication with patients by medical staff was suggested. For clinic "S", suggestions was given to improve treatment environment such as consultation and treatment systems and better relationship with patients.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1995

Identifying early dropouts from a rehabilitation program for psychiatric outpatients.

The attendance of 112 patients referred to an outpatient psychiatric rehabilitation program was retrospectively examined, and characteristics of dropouts were compared with those of patients who remained in treatment during the first eight weeks. Discriminant function analysis revealed that a combination of three variables correctly predicted 81 percent of the dropout group. The variables were a hostile, labile, or bizarre affect; a diagnosis of personality disorder; and impaired orientation. Patients with these characteristics require a thorough assessment of specific needs and deficits and ongoing evaluation of treatment approaches such as adaptations of psychosocial rehabilitation, dialectical behavior therapy, and assertive case management.

Adult↗