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Development of a totally implantable total artificial heart controller.

Using a one chip microcontroller, 87C196 (One chip EPROM), and an erasable and programmable logic device (EPLD), an implantable control system to drive a pendulum type electromechanical total artificial heart was developed. This control system consists of four parts: a main management system, a motor driver with power regulator, a state monitoring system, and a communication portion. The main system has a speed detector, proportional and integral (PI) control, pulse width modulation (PWM) generation, serial communication, and an analog data processor. Two kinds of power system are used, separated by eight photocoupler arrays to improve system stability. When the performance of each compartment was compared with that of the previously used Z80 microprocessor based control system, good correspondence was shown. Logic power consumption was reduced to one third that of the previous controller. Using mock circulation tests, the overall performance of the control system was evaluated.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed2025

Unraveling the Role of Mutations Outside the Basal Promoter and Precore Regions in the HBeAg-Negative Stage of Chronic Hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion is a crucial event in the natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, marked by a significant decrease in viral load and the emergence of mutations that suppress HBeAg expression. However, these mutations alone do not fully account for the reduction in viral load. This study investigated the biological features and pathogenic roles of mutations outside the basal core promoter (BCP) and precore regions during the HBeAg-negative stage of chronic infection. Full-length HBV genomes from HBeAg-positive (n = 180) and HBeAg-negative (n = 328) genotype D datasets were analyzed, revealing significantly higher genomic heterogeneity in HBeAg-negative sequences compared with HBeAg-positive genomes (50.4 ± 16.0 vs. 26.6 ± 10.5 nucleotide changes per genome). Twenty-six hotspot amino acid mutations associated with the HBeAg-negative stage were identified, with over half located in the Core region. Subsequently, full-length HBV genomes from six HBeAg-negative patient-derived serum samples were obtained by PCR amplification followed by Sanger sequencing. Infectious clones generated from these genomes, each carrying between 21 and 66 amino acid substitutions, were characterized, showing that mutations in this stage differentially affected viral fitness in vitro by up- or downregulating HBV-DNA levels (ranging from 0.2 to 5 times those of the wild-type isolate), modulating capsid assembly, and altering the expression, secretion, and subcellular localization of viral proteins. In conclusion, while mutations in the BCP and precore regions are the primary drivers of HBeAg seroconversion, mutations outside these regions significantly influence HBV biology and potentially contribute to viral pathogenicity, underscoring the complex interplay between host and virus during the HBeAg-negative stage of chronic infection.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Decoding spatiotemporal fibrotic and cellular immunosuppression of therapeutic T cells in live pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is profoundly immunosuppressive. To help define this behavior, we present integrated experimental and computational frameworks to elucidate therapeutic T cell dynamics. Through the development of TME-CARTographer (TME-CART), a computational pipeline integrating high-dimensional data, graph theory, behavior analysis, and deep learning (DL), we present quantitative insights on 4D T cell-TME interactions in live PDA tumors. Mapping physical immunosuppression demonstrates that collagen fiber architectures direct migration while concomitantly limiting off-axis movement, creating immune exclusion zones. Expanding these findings, we establish that the collagen matrix harbors and spatially organizes immunosuppressive myeloid cells to serve as cooperative co-modulators of T cell behaviors, including migration, sampling, repulsion, and sequestration. Consistent with these findings, DL defines both linear and nonlinear collagen matrix and cellular neighborhood interactions as drivers of T cell behavior. The TME-CART DL framework also accurately predicts shifts in immunosuppression following depletion of myeloid cells. Overall, we identify synergistic barriers impeding anti-tumor T cell behaviors and present TME-CART as a discovery platform for interpreting complex 4D data to enhance the understanding and design of immunotherapies.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2026

CMAtlas: a comprehensive DNA methylation atlas for exploring epigenetic alterations in 34 human cancer types.

MOTIVATION: Aberrant DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic hallmark of cancer. However, existing resources often lack technological diversity and comprehensive cancer coverage. Furthermore, most platforms fail to achieve deep multi-omics integration and tend to ignore cancer-type-specific methylation features, limiting their utility in precision oncology and drug discovery. RESULTS: We developed Cancer Methylation Atlas (CMAtlas), a comprehensive platform integrating 13 753 samples across 34 cancer types. By applying technology-tailored pipelines to data from various profiling technologies, we identified 830 725 tumor-specific differentially methylated elements (DMEs) and 1 480 098 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), alongside 1 154 256 cancer-type-specific DMEs and 329 154 DMRs. The platform demonstrates high cross-platform consistency and strong concordance between tumor tissues and cell lines, ensuring the robustness of our findings. All DMEs and DMRs are annotated with multi-omics data (RNA expression, somatic mutations, and chromatin accessibility) and clinical relevance (survival associations and cell-free DNA profiling). We further demonstrate the utility of CMAtlas by identifying prognostic aberrant methylation in colorectal cancer driver genes. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: CMAtlas is freely accessible at {{https://cmatlas.renlab.cn/}}. The platform offers an intuitive web interface supporting gene-centric and cancer-centric queries, alongside customizable analysis modules designed to facilitate user-specific research needs.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Cis-regulatory evolution of CsANS1 drives cultivar variation in anthocyanin accumulation in tea plants.

Anthocyanins, a ubiquitous class of water-soluble phytochemicals renowned for their chromatic diversity and potent bioactivity, are integral to the phenotypic and metabolic plasticity of higher plants. Using an integrative multi-omics approach that combines transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling, we identified anthocyanin synthase (CsANS1) as the key genetic determinant responsible for interspecific variation in anthocyanin accumulation among tea plants. Architectural comparison of promoter regions revealed a 192-bp variation insertion in the CsANS1 cis-regulatory region with potential functional significance. This insertion was strictly conserved in anthocyanin-rich (purple-leaf) cultivars, including both natural and hybrid genotypes, but entirely missing in anthocyanin-deficient (green-leaf) cultivars. Dual-luciferase assays confirmed that this insertion enhances promoter activity. Additionally, we delineated a tripartite regulatory axis comprising CsmiR156b, CsSPL9, and CsMYB75 which orchestrates the spatiotemporal modulation of CsANS1 expression and, consequently, anthocyanin biosynthesis. Collectively, these findings provide a mechanistic paradigm for anthocyanin polymorphism in tea plants, implicating both cis-regulatory evolution and transcriptional network synergy as pivotal drivers of phytochemical diversification.

Anthocyanins↗
PubMed2025

BOGO: A Proteome-Wide Gene Overexpression Platform for Discovering Rational Cancer Combination Therapies.

Cancer drug resistance remains a major barrier to durable treatment success, often leading to relapse despite advances in precision oncology. While combination therapies are being increasingly investigated, such as chemotherapy with small molecule inhibitors, predicting drug response and identifying rational drug combinations based on resistance mechanisms remain major challenges. Therefore, a proteome-wide, single-gene overexpression screening platform is essential for guiding rational therapy selection. Here, we present BOGO (Bxb1-landing pad human ORFeome-integrated system for a proteome-wide Gene Overexpression), a robust, scalable, and reproducible screening platform that enables single-copy, site-specific integration and overexpression of ~19,000 human open across cancer cell models. Using BOGO, we identified drug-specific response drivers for 16 chemotherapeutic agents and integrated clinical datasets to uncover proliferation and resistance-associated genes with prognostic potential. Drug response similarity networks revealed both shared and unique mechanisms, highlighting key pathways such as autophagy, apoptosis, and Wnt signaling, and notable resistance-associated genes including BCL2, POLD2, and TRADD. In particular, we proposed a synergistic combination of the BCL2 family inhibitor ABT-263 (Navitoclax®) and the DNA analog TAS-102 (Lonsurf®), which revealed that lysosomal modulation is a key mechanism driving DNA analog resistance. This combination therapy selectively enhanced cytotoxicity in colorectal and pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, and demonstrated therapeutic benefit in vivo in both cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Together, these findings establish BOGO as a powerful gene overexpression perturbation platform for systematically identifying chemoresistance and chemosensitization drivers, and for discovering rational combination therapies. Its scalability and reproducibility position BOGO as a broadly applicable tool for functional genomics and therapeutic discovery beyond cancer resistance.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2026

Mechanisms linking the gut microbiota to colorectal cancer development and progression.

Colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of global cancer mortality, with a concerning rise in early-onset cases driven by complex interactions between environmental exposures, lifestyle factors, and host genetics. Mounting evidence indicates that gut microbiota dysbiosis critically modulates this oncogenic process, acting as an active participant rather than a passive bystander. This review systematically synthesizes the dichotomous roles of the intestinal microbiome in colorectal tumorigenesis through the conceptual framework of the driver-passenger model. We discuss how early initiating driver bacteria, such as Polyketide synthase-positive Escherichia coli and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, compromise mucosal barriers, induce chronic mucosal inflammation, and inflict direct genomic instability. As the local tumor microenvironment undergoes profound metabolic remodeling, opportunistic passenger pathogens, notably Fusobacterium nucleatum, become enriched, further promoting cellular proliferation and facilitating tumor immune evasion. Conversely, protective commensals, exemplified by Clostridium butyricum and Streptococcus thermophilus, exert robust tumor-suppressive effects through multifaceted mechanisms. These beneficial microbes actively antagonize malignant progression by redirecting tumor metabolic fluxes toward oxidative stress, orchestrating deep epigenetic reprogramming, and degrading core oncoproteins to reverse chemoresistance. Transitioning from fundamental mechanisms to clinical application, we evaluate a comprehensive spectrum of microbiota-targeted interventions, encompassing non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers, fecal microbiota transplantation, engineered bacteria, phage therapy, and postbiotics. Finally, we critically address the formidable translational challenges associated with microbial heterogeneity, long-term safety, and regulatory standardization, aiming to provide a balanced perspective on integrating microbiome-based strategies into next-generation precision oncology for colorectal cancer.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Targeting STK17B kinase activates ferroptosis and suppresses drug resistance in multiple myeloma.

The progression of multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable malignancy of plasma cells, is often associated with the suppression of ferroptosis, a type of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. The mechanisms underlying this suppression remain largely unknown. Here, we identified serine/threonine kinase 17b (STK17B) kinase as a critical suppressor of ferroptosis in MM. Elevated levels of STK17B are associated with poor overall survival in patients with MM, and STK17B expression is significantly higher in relapsed vs newly diagnosed MM cases. We found that inhibiting STK17B in MM cells increased the labile iron pool, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and sensitized cells to conventional anti-MM therapies. Notably, an orally available, in-house-generated STK17B inhibitor induced ferroptosis and significantly reduced tumor growth in MM xenograft mouse models. Mechanistically, proximity labeling assay combined with the phospho-proteomic analysis identified 2 major regulators of iron uptake and transport as direct targets of STK17B: iron-responsive element binding protein 2 (IREB2), and heat shock protein family B member 1 (HSPB1). We demonstrated that STK17B phosphorylates critical regulatory sites on IREB2 (S157) and HSPB1 (S15), thereby modulating the balance between IREB2 and HSPB1 downstream effectors, proferroptotic transferrin receptor, and antiferroptotic ferritin heavy chain proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrated that STK17B indirectly maintains activating phosphorylation of STAT3, a ferroptosis suppressor and a major driver of MM pathobiology. Our findings uncovered a clinically relevant and targetable STK17B-pIREB2S157/pHSPB1S15 signaling axis that suppresses ferroptosis and contributes to drug resistance in MM.

Ferroptosis↗
PubMed2026

Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor mediates peripheral-central neuroimmune crosstalk in autoimmune thyroid diseases.

BACKGROUND: Organ-specific autoimmune diseases, particularly Graves' disease (GD) and its extrathyroidal manifestation, Graves' orbitopathy (GO), are characterized by systemic autoimmunity that may extend its impact to the central nervous system (CNS). While thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) is the primary driver of pathological remodeling in the thyroid and orbital tissues, emerging evidence suggests it is also expressed in the brain and may participate in neuroimmune signaling. However, the molecular mechanisms linking peripheral TSHR-driven autoimmunity to these extended systemic features remain unclear. Thus, GD and GO provide a unique window to investigate how peripheral autoantibodies influence CNS involvement as part of its broader pathological spectrum. METHODS: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and post-GWAS analyses were integrated with bulk RNA sequencing, single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, and brain imaging phenotypes to comprehensively characterize peripheral and central alterations in GD and GO. Mendelian randomization was applied to test causal relationships between genetic variants and brain signatures. Structural biology analyses were further conducted including protein-protein docking, small-molecule docking, and normal mode dynamics to identify prospective modulators of TSHR. Immunofluorescence staining was performed in a GO mouse model to validate the colocalization of potential interacted proteins in the specific brain region. RESULTS: Brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) alterations in GO and GO were systematically analyzed to identify neuroanatomical and functional alterations. TSHR was further identified as a shared genetic driver across peripheral and central compartments. TSHR was expressed in spiny projection neurons, microglia, and peripheral T cells, with cell-cell communication analyses highlighting TSHR-mediated interactions among neurons, endothelial cells, and microglia. Immunofluorescence staining in a GO mouse model confirmed the colocalization of TSHR with FN1 and GNAS in the basal ganglia, providing tissue-level validation of the computationally predicted ligand-receptor interactions. Immune profiling further showed immune alterations in GD and GO. Structural modeling supported plausible physical interfaces between TSHR and interacting proteins, and small-molecule screening identified three repurposable compounds - venetoclax, irinotecan, and dutasteride - with predicted favorable docking scores and stable binding poses in our simulations. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that TSHR acts as a molecular hub mediating peripheral-central neuroimmune crosstalk in GD and GO. The results support a broader "disease-molecule axis" framework that links genetic susceptibility with multi-level immune and neural mechanisms. This work provides mechanistic insights relevant to the development of TSHR-targeted therapies, with implications for both peripheral immune modulation and central regulation. However, the limited sample size, lack of longitudinal follow-up, and absence of in vivo validation warrant cautious interpretation and further investigation.

Receptors, Thyrotropin↗
PubMed1992

Closed-loop class E transcutaneous power and data link for microimplants.

Magnetic transcutaneous coupling is frequently used for power and data transfer to implanted electronic devices. The proposed development of MicroImplants, small enough to be injected through a hypodermic needle suggest the need for a high-efficiency magnetic transcutaneous link. This paper describes the use of a multifrequency transmitter coil driver based upon the Class E topology. The development of a "high-Q approximation" which simplifies the design procedure is presented. A closed-loop controller to compensate for transmitter and receiver variations, and a method of data modulation, using synchronous frequency shifting are described. The closed-loop Class E circuit shows great promise, especially for circuits with unusually low coefficients of coupling. Currents of several amperes, at radio frequencies, can easily and efficiently be obtained.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2026

Spatiotemporal genomic analysis and risk assessment of the plasmids carrying blaOXA-48-like genes based on a large-scale international dataset.

BACKGROUND: The spread of OXA-48-like carbapenemases represents a major public health challenge. Although previous studies have investigated OXA-48-like carbapenemases risk factors, nosocomial dissemination, and plasmid dynamics, an integrated plasmid-centered framework combining complete plasmid mining, transmission-unit analysis, phylogenetic reconstruction, and machine learning-based risk assessment remains limited. METHODS: We systematically collected 747 complete plasmid sequences carrying blaOXA-48-like genes from the NCBI database, establishing the largest collections of complete plasmid sequences to date. Using an integrative framework of population genomics, phylogenetic dating, and machine learning, this study aimed to characterize the dissemination patterns, plasmid replicon diversity, transmission units, mobile genetic elements, co-resistance profiles, and risk classification of these plasmid. RESULTS: Plasmids carrying blaOXA-48-like genes were detected across 50 countries on six continents, with blaOXA-48 predominating in Europe, blaOXA-181 in South Asia, and blaOXA-232 largely in Asia. IncL and ColKP3/IncX3 replicons, together with Tn1999.2 and other MGEs, were central drivers of plasmid maintenance and spread. Sixteen transmission units were defined, with AA068_Cluster3 estimated to have originated in the Netherlands around 2005 before expanding to Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and North America. Co-resistance analyses revealed frequent modules involving aminoglycoside and quinolone resistance, with qnrS1 and aph(3'')-Ib most prevalent. Notably, high-risk transposon structures were often identified in non-clinical environments, underscoring their cross-ecological transmission potential. Machine learning-based classification models showed good internal performance for predefined composite-risk categories, with plasmid mobility, clinical/non-clinical source composition, and host background contributing to the classification results. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a large-scale plasmid-centered genomic analysis of publicly available complete plasmid sequences carrying blaOXA-48-like genes, integrating transmission-unit inference, phylogeographic reconstruction, mobile genetic element and co-resistance profiling, and composite genomic risk stratification. This gene-centered framework may support future One Health-oriented antimicrobial resistance surveillance and prioritization of plasmids with higher dissemination and resistance potential.

Plasmids↗
PubMed2026

Alternative tandem transcription initiation links noncoding variants to human disease through translational control.

Alternative tandem transcription initiation is a pervasive mechanism of gene regulation, yet its genetic impact on human disease remains largely unknown. Here, we systematically quantify the genetic regulation of alternative tandem transcription initiation across 25,859 samples from 49 normal human tissues and 33 tumor tissues. We identify approximately 0.4 million genetic variants associated with alternative transcription initiation in 5295 genes, with 32% operating independently of gene expression. Moreover, we discover 2238 multi-tissue alternative tandem transcription initiation outliers enriched for rare deleterious promoter and 5' UTR variants, demonstrating that both common and rare variants modulate transcription initiation. Strikingly, 74% of disease variants that colocalize with genetic variants regulating alternative transcription initiation cannot be identified through expression quantitative trait loci. Transcriptome-wide association studies identify 614 disease susceptibility genes associated with alternative transcription initiation, including known cancer drivers such as MAFF and MLLT10. Functional validation uncovers OSGEP as a breast cancer risk gene, where the alternative allele lengthens the 5' UTR and reduces protein abundance through upstream open reading frame-mediated translation repression, and suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation. Our findings establish alternative transcription initiation as a major, underappreciated mechanism associating noncoding variation with disease, providing a critical resource for interpreting disease risk loci.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Mechanisms of gastric rhythm generation in the isolated stomatogastric ganglion of spiny lobsters: bursting pacemaker potentials, synaptic interactions, and muscarinic modulation.

1. The gastric central pattern generator (CPG), located in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of the spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus), is nonrhythmic when deprived of neuromodulatory inputs from anterior ganglia. Leaving these inputs intact in vitro can sustain a gastric rhythm but also introduces numerous, uncontrolled and largely unknown modulatory and synaptic influences that greatly complicate analysis of this CPG. 2. Here we induced gastric rhythms in the isolated STG, by superfusing a specific modulator, the muscarinic agonist, pilocarpine. Muscarinic agents sustain vigorous gastric rhythms in the isolated STG. Our aim was to analyze the pattern-generating functions of the restricted gastric circuit, free of complicating influences from other ganglia, and under specific (muscarinic) modulation. 3. We used combinations of multiple cell hyperpolarizations, photodeletions, and synaptic blockade by picrotoxin to assess the pattern-generating role of individual gastric neurons and to study the activity of subcircuits. 4. Four identified gastric neurons [lateral gastric (LG), dorsal gastric (DG), 2 electrically coupled lateral posterior gastric (2LPGs)] acted as pattern-generating cells. They showed bursting pacemaker potentials (BPPs), i.e., plateau (or driver) potentials that underlay bursts of axonal spikes and slow, interburst depolarizing potentials that underlay repetitive burst activity. LG and DG, at least, became conditional bursters, able to burst repetitively because of intrinsic oscillations. The other gastric neurons behaved mainly as follower cells and derived their rhythmic bursting from synaptic coupling to the pattern-generator cells and from their own intrinsic (but nonoscillatory) properties. 5. The pattern-generating neurons form a novel "kernel" circuit that works by the cooperative interaction of cellular properties and synaptic connectivity. 6. This study constitutes the first complete and fully consistent analysis of pattern generation in the gastric network of the isolated STG. These mechanisms pertain to muscarinic rhythms in particular but also, we suggest, to gastric rhythm generation and CPG function in general. We suggest that 1) rhythmicity normally depends on the induction of bursty membrane properties in at least some component neurons; 2) different subcircuits can produce rhythmic patterns and may be activated by different modulators; and 3) the gastric network shares several important "building blocks" with CPGs that have been analyzed in other systems. 7. Muscarinic inputs are implicated as an important gastric regulator. We compare these responses with the reported modulatory actions of the anterior pyloric modulator (AMP), an identified, putatively cholinergic input interneuron that may act via muscarinic mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Multiwavelength thermal lens spectrophotometer based on an acousto-optic tunable filter.

The instrumentation development of a novel, all solid-state, nonmoving parts, fast-scanning and wide-tuning range multiwavelength thermal lens spectrophotometer based on the acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is described. Initially, the essential electronic driver was developed to facilitate the systematic characterization of the paratellurite (TeO2) AOTF and to demonstrate that this filter can be successfully and uniquely used as an all solid-state, nonmoving parts dispersive device to rapidly diffract white incident light into a selected color beam, to amplitude modulate the diffracted monochromatic light, and to keep its intensity constant. The multiwavelength thermal lens instrument was subsequently constructed using this AOTF, and preliminary results on advantages of this spectrophotometer such as its ability to characterize trace chemicals and to analyze multicomponent samples are delineated.

Acoustics↗
PubMed2025

Deciphering the Impact of Temperature on Pleiotropic Consequences of RNA Polymerase Mutations.

Despite occurring in an essential molecule, mutations in RNA polymerase readily emerge and elicit complex pleiotropic effects across different levels of biological organization, which are all modulated by environment. We investigated the impact of temperature on the effects of six mutations on sequence, structure, transcriptome, and organismal traits. We found temperature altered the transcriptomic response and key organismal traits such as growth rate and biofilm formation in a genotype-specific manner. Critically, mechanistic insights into the possible drivers of mutational effects emerged only when examining the relationships between different levels of organization: location of mutations in the tertiary structure and distance to key interacting molecules partly explained the observed transcriptomic differences, which in turn drove the impact of mutations on organismal traits. While falling short of capturing the full complexity of the system, our findings underscore the benefits of integrating insights across multiple biological levels to understand the relationship between environment and mutational effects in molecules with extensive pleiotropic effects.

Mutation↗
PubMed2026

How the microbiome shapes epigenetic trained memory in neuroinflammation: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly recognized as disorders involving immune dysregulation. However, the mechanisms underlying this dysfunction remain poorly characterized. Trained immunity has recently emerged as a potential contributor to immune dysregulation, particularly in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases, where trained immunity is the epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune responses following an initial inflammatory stimulus, which increases responses to subsequent exposures. In parallel, although the brain has traditionally been viewed as an immune-privileged organ, growing evidence indicates that peripheral immune activity exerts significant influence on neuroinflammation in the brain. A major driver of peripheral immunity is the microbiome. Therefore, this perspective aims to present a conceptual framework for a relationship between the microbiome, trained immunity, and neurodegenerative diseases. We first summarize evidence of trained immunity in the brain and its role in neurodegeneration. Next, we highlight the role of the microbiome in peripheral immune modulation and in trained immunity. Finally, we propose potential mechanisms through which the microbiome may induce or modulate trained immunity in the brain. These include: 1) immunogenic microbial metabolites that cross the blood-brain barrier and alter host cell epigenetics; 2) migration of peripherally trained myeloid cells into the brain; 3) viral infection-induced trained immunity that may predispose to neurodegeneration. Together, this perspective suggests that microbiome-induced trained immunity offers a novel mechanism linking peripheral immune regulation with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration with implications for therapeutic targeting of epigenetic modification as a molecular prevention strategy for progression of neurodegeneration.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Systems genetics approaches model the heritable architecture of polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome.

Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), formerly known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is the most common endocrine disorder in women and is closely associated with complex diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanistic links between PMOS and its comorbidities remain poorly understood. Here, we present an integrative systems genetics platform that leverages genetic diversity in both mice and humans to dissect the drivers of PMOS and its associated complications. This framework uncovered conserved genetic and environmental factors underlying PMOS, identified susceptible cell types and organs, and elucidated mechanisms linking PMOS to subsequent pathologies. For instance, we showed that increased ovarian area contributes to both PMOS susceptibility and ovarian cancer progression, while specific ovary-heart signaling circuits modulate cardiac function with aging. We further identified ovarian SF3B1-mediated alternative splicing as a key mechanistic link between PMOS and metabolic traits. Pharmacologic inhibition of SF3B1 in mice reduced circulating testosterone, insulin, and glucose levels as well as fat mass expansion. Transcriptomics analysis of ovaries from mice and experiments using human cell lines localized these effects to exon skipping events in granulosa cells. Together, this study offers a mechanistic framework for modeling the diversity of PMOS pathologies and uncovers SF3B1-mediated splicing as a link between ovary function and systemic metabolism.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Design and implementation of a rule based system for ambulatory nursing data management.

In order to effectively organize the use of nursing time during clinic check-in, we designed a forward chaining rule based program for nursing history taking, problem tracking, and documentation. The program consists of a medical logic module trigger engine which identifies relevant rules for nursing history, an interactive question manager for nursing history taking, and a rule generation shell implemented within a specially designed Medical Query Language (MQL) shcema. At clinic check-in, the engine refreshes the rule set for the patient from interaction with the computerized medical record. The interaction driver assists the nurse with tracking of elapsed time, and allows him/her to pursue questions, record data, and create or complete nursing interventions. Nursing question sets and interventions are maintained longitudinally to assure continuity of care. Nursing problems are created on the problem list within the computerized record as the rule system identifies their existence.

Academic Medical Centers↗