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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic characterization of isoenzymes in the marine algal genus Callithamnion.

Techniques have been developed for the visualisation of a range of enzyme species extracted from field collected marine algal populations, to provide biochemical data in the form of zymogram patterns that closely reflect the genetic identity of these plants. These patterns provide an alternative basis for increasingly accurate recognition to complement that provided by morphology, thus helping to clarify the taxonomic problems which exist in the marine algal genus Callithamnion Lyngbye as currently conceived.

Acetone↗
PubMed1989

The further application of MTT-formazan colorimetry to studies on filarial worm viability.

Experiments have confirmed that MTT-formazan colorimetry in its simplest form (incubation of intact worms with MTT and direct visualisation of any formazan formed) can be readily applied to several species of filariae including Onchocerca volvulus. Data is presented which will assist the development of quantitative MTT reduction viability tests for a selection of the smaller filarial species. Assays of pieces of Onchocerca gutturosa and O. volvulus females have led us to tentatively conclude that the tips of filariae, particularly the anterior ends, may well be metabolically the most active part of the worm. Selective sampling of these regions for Onchocerca might therefore be a useful indicator for the viability of the parasite. An example of how MTT-formazan colorimetry has been applied to yield additional data to support motility observations on the in vitro survival of male O. gutturosa is also given. The in vitro timecourse of worm death caused by 10 microM CGP 20376 on Acanthocheilonema viteae females has been examined by MTT reduction and compared with 6 other non-subjective parameters. The results suggests that the parameters examined could be divided into two groups according to the time taken for CGP 20376 to cause 50% inhibition (t50) of the parameter. Fast response parameters had t50's between 1 and 6 h (motility indices, 14CO2 evolution, adenine uptake and leucine uptake), they are more sensitive measures of viability and indicate possible worm damage which may or may not be reversible. Slow response parameters had t50's between 34 and 48.5 h (lactate output, MTT reduction and adenine leakage), and are probably linked with severe degenerative changes and are indicative of worm death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A model for acute haemodynamic studies in the ascending aorta in pigs.

Since data on velocity fields in the ascending aorta downstream of normal aortic valves in pigs have not yet been obtained velocity profiles were visualised using a hot film anemometer needle probe before and after total cardiopulmonary bypass and cold cardioplegic arrest. Furthermore, measurements were made during increased heart rate and cardiac output. A dynamic three dimensional visualisation of velocity fields showed a skewed clockwise rotating velocity profile, developing from peak systole and continuing throughout the systolic deceleration phase. This pattern was consistent regardless of the haemodynamic state. Heart rate was increased to 180 beats.min-1 and cardiac output by a maximum of 91%. It is concluded that the pig model is valuable for haemodynamic studies in the ascending aorta before and after cold cardioplegic arrest and that the velocity profiles found in this study are important basic data for velocity field studies downstream of artificial heart valves implanted in the aortic position.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Gamma camera emission tomography using radiolabelled antibodies.

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of 52 patients injected with 131I and 111In labelled monoclonal antibodies has been undertaken. Patients with tumours within the thorax or lower abdomen were imaged 48-72 h following administration of 80 MBq 131I or 111In labelled monoclonal antibody. Tumour detection from the reconstructed views was compared with that from the planar images. Studies of patients injected with 131I labelled antibodies required long data collection times otherwise image quality was unsatisfactory. Emission tomography using 111In labelled antibodies provided high quality reconstructed images using data collection times acceptable for most patients, and tumour deposits not confidently detected on planar images were clearly visualised in the axial views. These studies demonstrate the potential of radiolabelled antibody emission tomography.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

Computed tomography of the abdomen with fat density oral contrast medium.

A 12.5% corn oil-emulsion (COE) was tested as an oral contrast agent for abdominal computed tomography (CT) examinations in 100 patients. The results were compared with those obtained from another group of patients who received a conventional, high-density, oral contrast agent (2-3% iodinated solution). There was no statistically significant difference in the subjects' tolerance to the two agents (P greater than 0.05). There was, however, a significant improvement in image quality with COE (P less than 0.05). Gastrointestinal tract discrimination, and mucosal and mural visualisation was of higher quality with fat density oral contrast medium than with the high-density contrast agent. These data suggest that COE should be considered for routine use as an alternative to conventional high density oral contrast agents in upper abdominal CT.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1991

Autoradiography of adrenoceptors in rat and human brain: alpha-adrenoceptor and idazoxan binding sites.

This chapter reviews the current classification of adrenoceptors, and notes the difficulties of combining the molecular biological and pharmacological classifications of adrenoceptors. Possibilities for mapping the distribution of the proposed subtypes of adrenoceptors using currently available ligands are discussed, and the autoradiographic visualisation of the broad subtypes of alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta 1-, and beta 2-adrenoceptors in the rat, monkey and human brain described and illustrated. The non-selectivity of ligands currently being used to label alpha-adrenoceptors is shown; we compare the distribution of [3H]idazoxan binding sites with the distribution of alpha 2-adrenoceptors visualised using other ligands. Resolution limitations of current autoradiographic approaches are considered and we shown how in situ hybridisation can complement data from receptor labelling studies used to localise receptors to pre- or postsynaptic sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

On the evaluation of gas-liquid interfacial effects on hybridoma viability in bubble column bioreactors.

Sparger aeration, with or without mechanical agitation is the simplest method of providing an oxygen supply. Although earlier workers have demonstrated the sensitivity of mammalian cells to air bubbles, recent successful applications of the airlift principle to hybridoma culture indicate that under some conditions, the cells can withstand these effects. Therefore, this work has as its objective the elucidation of the relationship between gas-liquid interfaces and the survival of mammalian cells. Simple, 0.5 litre bubble columns with sintered discs are used batch-wise to study the effects of sparging on hybridomas and other mammalian cells in suspension culture. The effects of bubble diameters, superficial gas velocities and the non-ionic surfactant, Pluriol PE 6800, are investigated in cultures grown in RPM1 1640 with 5% foetal calf serum and 6 ppm silicone antifoam. From these studies it has become apparent that cell viability and survival in the presence of bubbles depend on: Cell type--Some cell lines are shown to be particularly sensitive to the presence of bubbles, although no gross morphological differences are detected by electron microscopy. Bubble sizes--At a superficial gas velocity of 0.42 X 10(-4)m/s (5 cc/min gas flow rate), small bubbles are shown to be more detrimental to the cells than the larger ones. Bubble frequency/superficial gas velocities--Increasing superficial gas velocities (0.42 X 10(-4) to 8.5 X 10(-4) m/s) result in decreasing cell viability. Where the presence of bubbles is detrimental to cell growth, the addition of the non-ionic surfactant, Pluriol PE 6800, has a concentration dependent protective effect. Surface tension, viscosity and bubble diameter data for typical medium will be presented. A novel application of microscopy to which video film systems can be applied for direct visualisation of the cells in the bubble column has been developed. From these studies, it is indicative that both the geometry of the system and the cell type are important in mammalian cell culture scale-up strategy.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cystic fibrosis: ultrasonographic findings in the pancreas and hepatobiliary system correlated with clinical data and pathology.

Abdominal ultrasonography was performed on 35 adult patients with proven cystic fibrosis. Thirty-three patients showed pancreatic abnormalities. The most marked ultrasonographic features were increased parenchymal echogenicity, atrophy, non-visualisation of the duct and cyst formation. There was no correlation between these features and the severity of the pulmonary disease, the age of the patient, weight or glucose intolerance. Abnormalities of the biliary tract were demonstrated in nine (26%) patients and were associated with poor nutritional status. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between the following: hepatomegaly, increased liver echogenicity, splenomegaly, biliary disease; secondly, between lung function and serum albumin. Ultrasonography is useful in showing organ morphology but not in assessing disease severity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[3D displays for craniofacial surgery].

3D visualisation from tomographic image sequences has turned out to be a useful addition to diagnosis and surgical planning in craniofacial surgery. However, its clinical use still suffers from the very large variety of different methods and parameters from which the surgeon may choose. This is true not only of the data acquisition but also for of documentation of the results. Furthermore, there is no standardisation of procedures according to classes of malformations. This paper presents a systematic investigation of these problems. It proposes a standardisation of craniofacial malformations and describes an optimisation of the procedure of 3D visualisation. The procedure described has become a standard tool for craniofacial surgery in our hospital.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1987

Direct subclavian-carotid anastomosis for the subclavian steal syndrome.

Between 1984 and 1986, 38 patients--25 males and 13 females--underwent treatment for proximal subclavian arteriosclerotic lesions. All of these patients presented with symptoms of the subclavian steal syndrome and 13 (34.2%) had additional claudication of the arm. Preoperative angiography showed distal filling of the subclavian artery via retrograde flow in the vertebral artery. 31 patients (81.5%) had total occlusion of the proximal subclavian artery and 7 (18.5%) presented with severe stenosis. 34 of these lesions were on the left (89.5%) and 4 on the right side (10.5%). Complete cerebral angiography was performed in each patient with emphasis on visualisation of the carotid bifurcation and selective opacification of the aortic arch vessels if indicated. Doppler ultrasound flow measurement in the vertebral artery yielded the basic data which were then used for comparative postoperative evaluation. The operation was performed under general anaesthesia and heparinisation. A shunt was not required while performing the direct end-to-side anastomosis between the transected subclavian and the common carotid artery. Arteriosclerotic plaques in the distal stump of the transected subclavian artery and occasionally the origin of the vertebral artery were dealt with by simple eversion endarterectomy. There was no operative mortality; the postoperative complication rate was 13.1% including palsy of the recurrent nerve in 3 patients, a lymphatic cyst of the neck in one patient and bleeding requiring re-exploration in another. Occlusion of the reconstructed artery or neurologic deficit did not occur. Post operatively all patients were treated with platelet inhibitors. The average follow-up period was 13 months, when the reconstructed arteries were found to be patent in 37 patients (97.4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Population genetics and forensic efficiency data of 4 AMPFLP's.

Family studies were carried out in a population sample from north west Germany using 4 amplifiable VNTR polymorphic systems D1S80 (MCT118), ApoB, D17S30 (YNZ22) and COL2A1. Separation was carried out in polyacrylamide gels and visualised using silver staining. In family studies (n = 30) no evidence of new mutations was found. The population study of unrelated individuals (mothers and putative fathers) showed that all 4 systems were highly polymorphic and similar to other population studies. The combined exclusion chance was calculated to be approximately 99% and the combined discrimination index 1.5.10(-4). The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was checked by forming groups of alleles and no significant deviations could be found in all systems.

Alleles↗
PubMed1992

Properties of chicken cardiac dystrophin.

We investigated the presence of dystrophin by immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses, negative staining, rotatory shadowing and immunogold electron microscopy in chicken cardiac muscle. Saponin was found to be better than Triton X-100 for providing a new 'dystrophin-enriched' solution for use in biochemical studies of the molecule. By Western blot analysis, only a 400-kDa band was revealed with polyclonal antibodies directed against a central region (residues 1178-1723) of the dystrophin molecule and no cross-reactions with other proteins or degraded products were observed. Specific cleavage of the dystrophin molecule showed that the central rod-shaped domain corresponded to a resistant 'core'. This structure might rigidify the protein. By immunofluorescence, dystrophin was localized at the periphery of cardiac ventricular cells. The molecule was examined by electron microscopy and found to have variable lengths (140-160 nm for the monomeric from and about 260 +/- 10 nm or more for oligomeric forms). These oligomeric structures are considered to be associated molecules which are only partially overlapped lengthwise. The precise distribution of dystrophin within the cardiac muscle was determined by visualisation of gold particles in immuno-electron microscopy. Gold particles were found on the sarcolemma with no evidence of any association with cytoplasmic structures. The present data provide further details on the cardiac dystrophin molecule and suggest that its capacity of self-association may elasticize the dystrophin dimer.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Comparative study of introital sonography and the urethrocystogram in women before and after surgery for stress incontinence].

In a prospective study of sonographic and radiographic methodologies we compared morphologic bladder data in 30 patients before and after stress incontinence surgery. 18 women were subject to colposuspension according to Burch due to recurrent stress incontinence, 12 women underwent anterior colporrhaphy. Visualisation of bladder, urethra and beta-angle was adequate with both methods. The good visualisation of the anatomical and functional situation of the vesico-urethral area is a major benefit of introital sonography.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Super-paramagnetic iron oxide: an MRI contrast media for the reticuloendothelial system].

In this preliminary study, the authors studies MR imaging in four patients with malignant hepatic tumours before and after intravenous injection of 20 mumols/kg of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SIO). They obtained spin-echo sequences (SE 500/28/4, SE 2 000/28, 56/2) before and after injection and systematically compared the results with ultrasonography and computed tomography data. In every case, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SIO) resulted in a marked decrease in T2 and consequently in the signal of healthy hepatic and splenic tissue, considerably improving the visualisation of malignant lesions which remained unchanged. If the detectability of lesions is considered to depend on the contrast obtained between tumours and healthy tissue, these preliminary results are very promising.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

[Comparison of clinical findings and nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in syringohydromyelia and intramedullary tumors].

Magnetic resonance imaging allowed a distinct differentiation between syringohydromyelia (9 patients) and intramedullary tumour (2 patients). In syringohydromyelia the morphological evaluation showed a greater extension of the cavitation, especially in the caudal direction, than the estimation according to clinical findings. Tumours were visualised indirectly by changing the physiological shape of the spinal cord; therefore, small parts were not recognisable on magnetic resonance images but detected by the corresponding clinical symptoms. Clinical and morphological data were complementary and both necessary for a comprehensive appreciation of the pathological process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Biofeedback defaecation training for anismus.

Anismus, paradoxical external sphincter function, spastic pelvic floor syndrome, rectoanal dysnergia, abdomino-levator incoordination for abdominopelvic asychronism, are all due to paradoxical contraction of the striated sphincter apparatus during voiding and is characterised by prolonged and excessive straining at stool. Biofeedback is the treatment of choice and has to be introduced at an early stage. We present the results of an ambulatory approach based on the integration of simulated balloon defaecation with small (50 ml) as well as constant rectal sensation volume, defaecometry and anal manometry. The pathophysiology visualised by the patient's own anorectal pressure recordings on the screen of a personal computer is explained and corrected. Sixteen patients were treated and followed for at least 1 year. Manometric data were normal except for an increased minimum residual pressure and rectal compliance. Nine patients could not evacuate a 50 ml bolus initially. Simulated defaecation became possible in seven out of these nine patients when the bolus was increased up to the individual constant rectal sensation volume. Two patients could not evacuate this volume either, while defaecation was made much less laborious in the other seven patients. Paradoxical contraction was immediately corrected in 7/16 cases. Also, as an immediate, objective benefit of a single training session, improved defaecation of a 50 ml bolus was observed in 11 patients. This effect was preserved after 6 weeks in nine cases; symptomatic recurrence did not occur in these patients during follow-up. This method of defaecation training has many advantages as compared with sphincter training using EMG electrodes eventually performed in the absence of a desire to defaecate or in lying position.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The detailed imaging of vessels in MR angiography via projections from irregularly restricted data sets].

A new method for postprocessing of three dimensional magnetic resonance angiography data sets is described. Two operations are performed with the data set prior to maximum intensity projection. First, an irregular part of interest is marked interactively within the data set. By restricting the projection algorithm to this region, a disturbing overlay by vessels of other regions is avoided. Secondly, a three dimensional interpolation of the original data set is performed. While the spatial resolution of vessel representation is unchanged, the quality of the maximum intensity projection is improved significantly. The diagnostic value of this method is demonstrated by visualisation of a carotid aneurysm and of the deep and superficial cerebral veins.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1989

[Prevention of radiation injuries of the small intestine with pelvic exclusion by polyglactin 910 mesh. Contribution to gynecologic and digestive cancer surgery].

Used in 13 cases of advanced gynecological and gastrointestinal carcinoma, pelvic exclusion using a suspension of the small intestine above the pelvis using absorbable material. The low-level of morbidity, value in dosimetric estimation, perfect feasibility and low cost of this technique should lead to its more widespread use whilst strictly respecting its indications. Nuclear magnetic resonance has been found to be a particularity novel and valuable method of post-operative investigation in visualisation and assessment of resorption of the polyglactine 910 trellis. Results in this series are analyzed at the end of a 5 to 14 month follow-up period and compared with data from experimental and clinical studies in the recent world literature.

Adult↗