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PubMed1981

The genital Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma flora of healthy and diseased dogs.

The genital mycoplasma and ureaplasma flora was compared in 136 dogs with varied reproductive histories. Mycoplasmas were recovered from 88% of vulvovaginal swabs, 85% preputial swabs and 72% semen samples. Isolation rates were slightly higher from dogs that were infertile or had evidence of genital disease but the differences from those that were fertile or clinically normal were statistically significant only in the male. Ureaplasmas were recovered from half the females sampled. Higher, but not statistically significant isolation rates (75%) were made from infertile females with purulent vulvar discharge versus those that were clinically normal and fertile (40%). In the male dog there was a significantly higher incidence of ureaplasmas in the prepuce of infertile animals (69%) than those that were fertile (0%) (p less than or equal to 0.05). Semen isolations although not significantly higher in infertile males, were all made from ejaculates, with subnormal motility, low sperm counts and/or a high percentage of midpiece and tail abnormalities (bent or tightly coiled).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Purified human factor VIII procoagulant protein: comparative hemostatic response after infusions into hemophilic and von Willebrand disease dogs.

The procoagulant protein F.VIII:C is noncovalently bound to von Willebrand factor (vWF) to give the factor VIII macromolecular complex. New highly purified preparations of isolated human F.VIII:C, devoid of vWF and about 500,000-fold purified, were administered to hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease (vWD) dogs to determine their hemostatic effectiveness and survival in the circulation. Two preparations of F.VIII:C were used: peak 1, with active components of Mr 185,000-280,000, and peak 2, with a single component of Mr 170,000. In hemophilic dogs, with no plasma F.VIII:C but normal vWF, both preparations immediately elevated plasma F.VIII:C to expected levels, promptly stopped induced and spontaneous hemorrhages, and gave sustained plasma levels of F.VIII:C. The isolated F.VIII:C immediately complexed with endogenous vWF in hemophilic plasma and was eliminated exponentially, with a half-life (t1/2) of about 9 hr. Survival of peak 2 F.VIII:C was longer than that of peak 1 material. In contrast, F.VIII:C complexed to vWF in a therapeutic concentrate administered to hemophilic dogs was eliminated biexponentially with first-phase t1/2 of 3.2 hr and second-phase t1/2 of 9 hr. In vWD dogs with no vWF and reduced F.VIII:C levels, the isolated F.VIII:C produced supernormal levels of F.VIII:C without effect on induced bleeding. It was rapidly eliminated from plasma with a t1/2 of about 1 hr, as was the complexed F.VIII:C in the concentrate. These data indicate that isolated F.VIII:C promptly complexes with vWF and in this form is highly effective in controlling hemophilic hemorrhages with good survival in plasma. Without endogenous vWF with which to complex, the F.VIII:C is promptly eliminated.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Increased gentamicin nephrotoxicity in normal and diseased dogs administered identical serum drug concentration profiles: increased sensitivity in subclinical renal dysfunction.

Attempts to avoid gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in the presence of renal dysfunction assume that the nephrotoxicity threshold is unchanged from that of the normal patient. The purpose of the present study was to compare the response of the subclinically diseased kidney to the normal kidney when exposed to identical serum concentrations of gentamicin. This study used exponentially declining infusions based on preinfusion pharmacokinetics to achieve identical serum gentamicin concentration profiles in intact (intact-gentamicin) and subtotally nephrectomized (nephrectomized-gentamicin) beagle dogs. After 10 daily 12-hr infusions, relative nephrotoxicity was compared using serum chemistries and histopathologic analysis in intact- and nephrectomized-control (untreated) dogs. For intact-gentamicin and nephrectomized-gentamicin dogs, respectively, infusion steady-state serum concentrations were 5.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.5 +/- 0.5 (microgram/ml) and elimination rates were 0.19 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.20 +/- 0.01(hr-1) (mean +/- S.E.M.). Postinfusion histopath scoring of renal lesions (0-30, with 30 being most severe) were 11 +/- 5 (nephrectomized-gentamicin), 4 +/- 2 (nephrectomized-control), 2 +/- 2 (intact-gentamicin) and 0 +/- 0 (intact-control). Gentamicin-induced renal dysfunction in nephrectomized dogs was characterized further by administering nonindividualized multiple dosage regimens. Toxicity in the subclinical disease state was marked by oliguria and acute renal failure in contrast to the mild polyuria seen in intact animals. These findings support increased sensitivity to gentamicin nephrotoxicity in dogs with mild renal dysfunction secondary to subtotal surgical nephrectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

RV instantaneous intraventricular diastolic pressure and velocity distributions in normal and volume overload awake dog disease models.

Intraventricular diastolic right ventricular (RV) flow field dynamics were studied by functional imaging using three-dimensional (3D) real-time echocardiography with sonomicrometry and computational fluid dynamics in seven awake dogs at control with normal wall motion (NWM) and RV volume overload with diastolic paradoxical septal motion. Burgeoning flow cross section between inflow anulus and chamber walls induces a convective pressure rise, which represents a "convective deceleration load" (CDL). High spatiotemporal resolution dynamic pressure and velocity distributions of the intraventricular RV flow field revealed time-dependent, subtle interactions between intraventricular local acceleration and convective pressure gradients. During the E-wave upstroke, the total pressure gradient along intraventricular flow is the algebraic sum of a pressure decrease contributed by local acceleration and a pressure rise contributed by a convective deceleration that partially counterbalances the local acceleration gradient. This underlies the smallness of early diastolic intraventricular gradients. At peak volumetric inflow, local acceleration vanishes and the total adverse intraventricular gradient is convective. During the E-wave downstroke, the strongly adverse gradient embodies the streamwise pressure augmentations from both local and convective decelerations. It induces flow separation and large-scale vortical motions, stronger in NWM. Their dynamic corollaries on intraventricular pressure and velocity distributions were ascertained. In the NWM pattern, the strong ring-like vortex surrounding the central core encroaches on the area available for flow toward the apex. This results in higher linear velocities later in the downstroke of the E wave than at peak inflow rate. The augmentation of CDL by ventriculoannular disproportion may contribute to E wave and E-to-A ratio depression with chamber dilatation.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Attempted control of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis through treatment of diseased dogs].

An attempt was made to control cutaneous leishmaniasis in the municipality of Santa Leopoldina, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, by treating infected dogs. Another area in the municipality of Afonso Cláudio, which is ecologically similar, served as the control area, and dogs were left untreated there. In an initial survey, 34/141 inhabitants of the first area had positive leishmanin tests and 8/26 dogs had cutaneous leishmaniasis, while in the second area 37/127 individuals had positive leishmanin tests and 7/44 dogs were infected. After treatment of the sick dogs in the first area the populations of both areas were periodically examined for new infections. More new human infections were observed in the control area, but the difference was not statistically significant.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1991

Ehrlichial diseases of dogs.

Ehrlichial diseases of dogs currently are recognized to be caused by Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia platys, Ehrlichia equi, and Ehrlichia risticii. Information on each disease's history, transmission, pathogenesis, clinicopathologic findings, diagnosis, therapy, and prevention is presented in this article. Ehrlichia canis is the most common cause of clinical illness. Case reports are included to illustrate common presentations of Ehrlichia canis infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Spontaneous renal disease in dogs.

Renal disease is common in dogs. The incidence of significant renal disease increases with age. Many disease processes are subtle and subacute, and so many are not detected until they result in chronic renal failure. The causes of many renal diseases are not known but one must suspect immune-mediated damage in some.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

A disease in dogs resembling human subcorneal pustular dermatosis.

A pustular eruption similar to subcorneal pustular dermatosis of man occurred in 10 dogs. The disease was characterized by pustules of the trunk, which ruptured to form annular or gyrate lesions with irregular, scaling borders. Biopsies revealed subcorneal pustules with occasional acantholytic cells. All 10 dogs improved after daily administration of diaminodiphenylsulfone (dapsone).

Animals↗