[Dynamics of the morbidity of occupational dermatoses. Agents causing occupational dermatoses and their significance in the individual fields of industry].
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Acids↗
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[Occupational dermatoses--industrial problems, and skin protection for the dermatologists, industrial physicians, and safety officials. Introduction and problem formulation for the session on occupational dermatoses at the Technical Academy in Esslingen, on December 12, 1972].
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Dermatitis, Occupational↗
[Observations on the changes of eosinophils and basophils in allergic dermatoses and bullous dermatoses].
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
[Dynamics of immunoglobulin levels in patients with allergic dermatoses and allergic dermatoses associated with chronic otorhinolaryngologic infections].
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Adult↗
Frequency and etiology of hand and forearm dermatoses among veterinarians.
BACKGROUND: Veterinarians are exposed to a range of skin irritants and allergens, yet few studies have addressed the occurrence of dermatoses among veterinarians. OBJECTIVES: The goals of this study were to determine the frequency of noninfectious hand and forearm dermatoses among Kansas veterinarians, to estimate the role of occupational exposures in the aggravation of such dermatoses, to determine the frequency and nature of infectious dermatoses among veterinarians, and to investigate patterns of glove use. The secondary goals of this study were to collect information about the impact of skin disease on the lives and careers of veterinarians and to provide physicians with a practical approach to the treatment of veterinarians with dermatoses. METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to all members of the Kansas Veterinary Medical Association. RESULTS: The response rate was 60%. Twenty-four of respondents reported noninfectious, recurrent/persistent hand or forearm dermatoses; 66% were work related. Large animal veterinarians (P =.026) and atopics (P =.009) were more likely than their counterparts to attribute their dermatoses to work-related factors. Thirty-eight percent of respondents had contracted at least one infectious skin disease from an animal. Veterinarians who never or rarely use gloves during obstetric procedures were more likely to report work-related dermatoses (odds ratio, 4.25; 1.78 < OR < 10.07; P <.001) than those who use gloves. CONCLUSION: Veterinarians are affected frequently by infectious and noninfectious dermatoses. Improvement of barrier protection habits during obstetric procedures would likely reduce the frequency of occupational dermatoses among veterinarians.
Adult↗
[Mite infestation rate of pet dogs with ear dermatoses].
This study aimed to investigate the incidence of the canine ear dermatoses caused by mites and the relativity of the causative mites of canine dermatoses to the pruritic dermatoses of the families possessing the pet dogs. Total 970 samples were collected from the lesional hairs and scales of the ear of pet dogs referred to Chung-Woon animal clinic in Seoul from January, 1990 to December, 1995. The mites were collected from the samples by means of the washing method. Presence of pruritic dermatoses in the families possessing the pet dog was evaluated. Among 2,147 mites collected from 970 samples, 2,117 specimens were Octodectes cynotis and others were Sarcoptes canis (30 mites). O. cynotis were found in 382 samples out of total 970 samples (39.4%) and S. canis were found in 3 samples (0.3%). Although two families out of 382 families that possessed the diseased pet dog by O. cynotis had the family histories of pruritic dermatoses, their pruritic dermatoses were not related to the infestation by O. cynotis. In conclusion, O. cynotis, the most common canine mite producing pruritic ear dermatoses, does not cause pruritic dermatoses in man.
Animals↗
Dermatoses among Brazilian HIV-positive patients: correlation with the evolutionary phases of AIDS.
BACKGROUND: The presence of dermatoses is very common in Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The present study was undertaken to correlate the various dermatoses with the evolutionary phases of AIDS. METHODS: We examined 223 HIV-infected patients older than 13 seen at the University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, from 1989 to 1993. Patients were divided according to the CDC classification and assigned to groups I, II and III (initial stages of AIDS) and to group IV (fully symptomatic stage of AIDS). RESULTS: The mean frequency of dermatoses detected in patients with AIDS was higher compared to the early phases of HIV infection. The most frequently detected dermatoses were, in decreasing order of occurrence, dermatoses of fungal etiology, and desquamating disorders, such as psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, xerosis, and viral dermatoses. CONCLUSIONS: A careful examination of skin and mucosae may be highly useful for the diagnosis of HIV infection. The number of dermatoses tended to increase during the more advanced stages of infection.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Human T lymphotropic virus 1 and hepatitis C virus as risk factors for inflammatory dermatoses in HIV-positive patients.
BACKGROUND: Dermatoses are common in HIV-infected patients. Infections caused by human T lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are also associated with dermatoses, and their coinfection with HIV has been described. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of HTLV-1 and HCV in increasing the frequency of dermatological diseases in HIV-positive patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included patients infected with HIV and dermatoses, who consulted the Service of Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of the Health Department of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil. Their care included the taking of a history and a physical examination, complementary examinations for diagnostic purposes, HTLV-1 and HCV serology, measurement of CD4 lymphocyte count and HIV viral load, and recording of the use of antiretroviral drugs. RESULTS: One hundred and five HIV-positive patients with dermatoses were evaluated. Positivity for HTLV-1 occurred in 12 patients (12.5%) and that for HCV in 35 patients (38%). The most frequently found dermatoses were infectious and inflammatory in origin. A significant statistical association was found between HIV and HTLV-1 coinfection, with dermatoses of inflammatory origin (P = 0.03; CI = 1.14-2.83). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to consider the high rate of positivity for HTLV-1 and HCV in the HIV-positive patients (12.5 and 38%, respectively). A higher risk of inflammatory dermatoses is found in patients who are simultaneously positive for HTLV-1 and HIV, indicating the possible importance of this coinfection in the development or worsening of certain dermatological diseases.
Anti-Retroviral Agents↗
Detection of circulating T cells with CD4+CD7- immunophenotype in patients with benign and malignant lymphoproliferative dermatoses.
BACKGROUND: Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are malignancies of CD4+ T cells that involve the skin. CD4+CD7- cells may represent a malignant population in CTCL. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the percentage of CD4+CD7- cells and the expression of pan-T-cell antigens in blood lymphocytes from 31 patients with benign dermatoses with 35 patients who had CTCL. METHODS: The patients with CTCL were classified as follows: 10 with mycosis fungoides (MF), seven with pre-Sézary syndrome (pre-SS), and 18 with Sézary syndrome (SS). Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of CD4+CD7- cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio and to detect aberrant expression of the pan-T-cell antigens CD2, CD3, and CD5. RESULTS: We found a mean of 5.8% CD4+CD7- cells for the 16 normal control subjects and 9.3% for the benign cases (p = 0.13). The patients with pre-SS and SS had a higher percentage of CD4+CD7- cells (22.4% and 35.5%, respectively) than patients with benign dermatoses (p < 0.01); no difference was found between patients with benign dermatoses and those with MF (p = 0.80). The mean CD4/CD8 ratio was 3.1 for the normal control subjects compared with 7.4 for the patients with benign dermatoses (p < 0.01). Patients with SS had a ratio of 49, which was higher than the ratio for those with benign dermatoses (p < 0.01); however, the ratio for patients with MF and pre-SS did not differ from that of the group with benign dermatoses (p = 0.71 and 0.55, respectively). Aberrant CD2, CD3, or CD5 expression was observed in 66% of patients with SS, 29% with pre-SS, 30% with MF, but in none of the patients with a benign dermatosis. CONCLUSION: Small numbers of CD4+CD7- cells can be found by flow cytometry in patients with a benign dermatosis and in normal control subjects. This T-cell subset is expanded in pre-SS and SS but not in MF. Aberrant pan-T-cell antigen expression is commonly observed in patients with SS but not in patients with a benign dermatosis.
Antigens, CD7↗
[Axial dermatoses (author's transl)].
In the vast group of linear dermatoses a very particular topographic type can be distinguished, i.e., the axial dermatoses which very electively follow the linear course of Scherington's axial lines. This feature can be found in several dermatoses and particularly in lichen striatus and acantholytic linear naevus. Topographically, the axial dermatoses are quite similar to the pigmentary demarcation lines which also follow the same course. Despite numerous patholgenic unknown facts, the concept of axial dermatoses certainly contributes to a better knowledge of the still obscure linear dermatoses.
Child↗
Patterns of chronic dermatoses in an Ethiopian central teaching hospital: a histopathologic approach.
BACKGROUND: This study was designed to describe the causes and distributional patterns of chronic infective-parasitic dermatoses. METHODS: A histology-based cross-sectional study was conducted for the years between January 1985 and December 1998 within the Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Department of Pathology, Addis Ababa University. The data were retrieved from the department's archives and all dermatologic cases fulfilling bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic etiologies were included in the study. Formalin fixed, and paraffin embedded tissues were stained with the routine hematoxylin and eosin staining procedure and visualized under light microscopy. RESULTS: Out of 162 cases of chronic specific infective-parasitic dermatoses diagnosed, the mean ages for men and women were 31.5 (SD, 16.6) and 25.1 (SD, 14.3) years respectively and the peak age group was 20-29 years (30.2%). Moreover, the ratio of men to women was 1.1:1. The most commonly diagnosed dermatosis was wart (38.9%), followed by cutaneous tuberculosis (17.9%), and cutaneous leishmaniasis (14.2%). The most frequently involved region was the lower limb (46.3%), followed by the face (23.5%). CONCLUSION: This study tried to surface the frequency distribution of the histopathologically-proven dermatoses that are prevalent in our part of the world. The lower limbs being the most frequent sites of dermatoses, their predisposing factors need to be addressed in our communities in order to lessen the effects of these dermatoses. This study may act as a baseline for similar investigations that may be undertaken in the future.
Adolescent↗
Prevalence of hand dermatoses among Finnish farmers.
OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hand dermatosis among farmers. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was carried out in a geographically defined sample of the Finnish farming population between the ages of 18 and 64 years (N = 10,847). RESULTS: The one-year prevalence of self-reported hand and forearm dermatoses was 16% for the women and 7% for the men. These figures were similar to the prevalence of hand eczema in two large Scandinavian questionnaire surveys. The highest one-year prevalence of hand dermatoses was found for women on farms with more than nine dairy cows (20%). Atopy (both the personal history of atopic dermatitis and respiratory atopy), female gender, and, among the women, also age under 35 years were the most important risk factors for the occurrence of hand dermatosis. Work-related risk factors were handling disinfectants daily, handling silage preservatives, milking cows, and machine servicing. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational risk factors for hand dermatoses were found, especially for dairy farming. The results may be useful for the prevention of hand dermatoses in farming since they direct attention to related occupational hazards, and they may also aid vocational guidance for the atopic population. In order to lower the prevalence of hand dermatoses in dairy farming, both preventive and protective measures should become everyday practice in farming work.
Adult↗
Circumcision and genital dermatoses.
CONTEXT: It is well recognized that the presence of a foreskin predisposes to penile carcinoma and sexually transmitted infections. We have investigated the relationship between the presence or absence of the foreskin and penile dermatoses. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an association between circumcision and penile dermatoses. DESIGN: A retrospective case control study of patients attending the department of dermatology with genital skin conditions. SUBJECTS: The study population consisted of 357 male patients referred for diagnosis and management of genital skin disease. The control population consisted of 305 male patients without genital skin disease attending the general dermatology clinics over a 4-month period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The relationship between circumcision and the presence or absence of skin disease involving the penis was investigated. The rate of circumcision in the general male dermatology population was determined. RESULTS: The most common diagnoses were psoriasis (n = 94), penile infections (n = 58), lichen sclerosus (n = 52), lichen planus (n = 39), seborrheic dermatitis (n = 29), and Zoon balanitis (n = 27). Less common diagnoses included squamous cell carcinoma (n = 4), bowenoid papulosis (n = 3), and Bowen disease (n = 3). The age-adjusted odds ratio for all penile skin diseases associated with presence of the foreskin was 3.24 (95% confidence interval, 2.26-4.64). All patients with Zoon balanitis, bowenoid papulosis, and nonspecific balanoposthitis were uncircumcised. Lichen sclerosus was diagnosed in only 1 circumcised patient. Most patients with psoriasis, lichen planus, and seborrheic eczema (72%, 69%, and 72%, respectively) were uncircumcised at presentation. The majority of men with penile infections (84%) were uncircumcised. CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of inflammatory dermatoses were diagnosed in uncircumcised men, suggesting that circumcision protects against inflammatory dermatoses. The presence of the foreskin may promote inflammation by a köebnerization phenomenon, or the presence of infectious agents, as yet unidentified, may induce inflammation. The data suggest that circumcision prevents or protects against common infective penile dermatoses.
Adolescent↗
[Neutrophilic dermatoses].
PURPOSE: The neutrophilic dermatoses are a group of skin diseases mainly characterized by an infiltration of the skin by normal polymorphonuclears, without any identifiable (infectious) cause. In this review we describe the main neutrophilic dermatoses and point on their multisystemic dimension. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND KEY-POINTS: Well-defined neutrophilic dermatoses are Sweet's syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, subcorneal pustular dermatosis, erythema elevatum diutinum and neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis, as well as newer and rarer conditions such as aseptic abscesses. Clinical overlap between these disorders led to the concept of "the" neutrophilic dermatosis. In addition, patients with a neutrophilic skin disorder may also suffer from extra-cutaneous aseptic neutrophilic infiltrates. This "neutrophilic disease" is often difficult to diagnose. Neutrophilic dermatoses are significantly associated with systemic disease. These include hematological disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, joint immunological disorders, and other malignant or inflammatory conditions. First-line treatment of acute neutrophilic conditions is steroid therapy. In chronic conditions, dapsone is often efficient. FUTURE PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS: The mechanisms underlying the inappropriate activation of polymorphonuclears are poorly understood. Hematopoietic growth factors and adhesion molecules are believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of the neutrophilic dermatoses.
Abscess↗
Specific dermatoses of pregnancy: an evidence-based systematic review.
OBJECTIVE: We conducted an evidence-based systematic analysis of the literature on specific dermatoses of pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: The bibliographic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE were screened for studies and reports in all languages about herpes gestationis, pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy, pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy, and prurigo of pregnancy from January 1962 to January 2002. As main index terms, including analogs and derivatives, we used the names of specific dermatoses of pregnancy. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, not a primary dermatosis, was included herein because this disorder is associated with pregnancy and its secondary skin manifestations must be differentiated from specific dermatoses of pregnancy. Other sources were abstract books of symposia and congresses, theses, textbooks, monographs, reviews, editorials, letters to the editor, free or rapid communications, and the reference lists from all the articles that were retrieved. All articles selected for inclusion in this review were evaluated critically with regard to their impact factor and evidence-based contribution to this field, as measured by their citation index and impact factor of the journal in which they were published. Approximately 39% of articles met the selection criteria. RESULTS: The clinical features and prognosis of the specific dermatoses of pregnancy have been delineated through a number of retrospective and cohort studies. The molecular biologic and immunogenetic properties of herpes gestationis, pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy have been further clarified. A meta-analysis in this review reveals a higher prevalence of multiple gestation pregnancy (11.7%) among patients with pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy. Several investigations have unraveled the fetal complications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and herpes gestationis. New treatment modalities in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (cholestyramine, ursodeoxycholic acid) and herpes gestationis (cyclosporin, intravenous immunoglobulin, and tetracyclines postpartum) have shown promise and warrant further evaluation. CONCLUSION: During the past few decades, a significant amount of new data has provided new insights into the classification, pathogenesis, treatment, prognosis, and fetal risks that are associated with the specific dermatoses of pregnancy.
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic↗
Dermatoses associated with travel to Burkina Faso and diagnosed by means of teledermatology.
BACKGROUND: The pattern of dermatoses occurring in travellers to tropical areas is poorly documented. OBJECTIVES: To diagnose skin diseases in travellers to Burkina Faso by means of teledermatology; to assess the educational value of teledermatology for the local general practitioner (GP). METHODS: Patients (Westerners and Burkinabese nationals) were included in the study if they presented with a cutaneous disease to the GP based in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Images of the skin lesions were acquired with a point-and-shoot digital camera and sent via the Internet, together with the clinical history. Diagnostic concordance between dermatologists in France and the GP in Ouagadougou was analysed as a simple proportion of agreement and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-four patients (M/F ratio 1.17; 80.6% Westerners) were included in the study. One hundred and thirty dermatoses were identified: 73 (56%) were of infectious origin, and 19 (15%) were related to eczematous dermatitis. The skin infections were mainly due to bacteria (18%), fungi (14%) or arthropods (13%). Parasitic dermatoses were observed only in Burkinabese nationals. Among Westerners, fungal dermatoses were observed only in long-term residents. The diagnostic agreement between the local GP and the remote dermatologists was 49% overall (95% confidence interval 41-58). Agreement between the GP and the dermatologists on the dermatological category improved significantly over time (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Telemedecine can improve the management of cutaneous diseases among Western travellers. Most dermatoses observed in Western travellers to Burkina Faso are of infectious origin. Teledermatology has educational value for local GPs.
Adolescent↗
Dermatoses of the male genital area.
This is an overview of dermatoses which are predominantly seen in the genital area. Five large groups of dermatoses can be distinguished: inflammatory dermatoses without any causative organism, infections and dermatoses originating from cutaneous appendages, precancerous lesions, pigmented lesions and genital pruritus. The etiology, causative factors, clinical features and newer treatment options are considered. Because of local environmental factors, genital dermatoses often present in a different way than in other localizations.
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact↗
Evaluation of safety and efficacy of supirocin-B (mupirocin 2% + betamethasone dipropionate 0.05%) in infected dermatoses--a post marketing study.
The aim of the present post marketing study was to study the safety and efficacy of supirocin-B ointment (mupirocin 2% + betamethasone dipropionate 0.05%) in the treatment of infected dermatoses. For this purpose physicians from different parts of India were requested to keep the clinical records prospectively as per a specially designed proforma over a follow-up period of 7 days, whenever they prescribed supirocin-B ointment (mupirocin 2% + betamethasone dipropionate 0.05%) for local application, three times a day, to their patients having either primary infection complicated by dermatoses or dermatoses infected secondarily. From the analysis of 251 clinical records contributed by 27 physicians, it was evident that in clinical practice, supirocin-B ointment (mupirocin 2% + betamethasone dipropionate 0.05%) was found to be safe and very effective by physicians in the treatment of infected dermatoses in 94.8% of the patients. Similarly 92.4% of the patients reported more than 70% improvement in their symptoms after 7 days of treatment. No adverse effects were reported during the treatment period by any of the patients except worsening of skin lesions by one patient. Thus from this study, supirocin-B ointment (mupirocin 2% + betamethasone dipropionate 0.05%) seems to be safe and effective in the treatment of infected dermatoses.
Betamethasone↗