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PubMed1982

Dermatoglyphics of hyperactive males.

In investigating the dermatoglyphics of hyperactive subjects, it was proposed that if similar hyperactives were sampled and significant differences were found from suitable controls, a genetic effect could be responsible. From two clinical populations, we ascertained 26 subjects in 24 sibships comprising the hyperactive study group. The control subjects came from an earlier study. Tables 2-9 contain summaries of the dermatoglyphic analyses of both subjects and controls. Data were grouped following a dermatoglyphic principle of complexity of pattern, specifically, and the number of triradii present. The scheme for reporting the results is: selection of the characteristic (pattern, ridge count); determination of the areas (digit, palm, sole); and comparison of the frequencies or counts in the two populations (hyperactives, controls). Among the 45 statistical tests, four achieved a 5% level of significance. Thus, with a seemingly homogeneous sample of hyperactive males and with criteria for comparisons, no characteristic dermatoglyphic features emerged. Considering the highly characteristic effects of chromosomal abnormality on dermatoglyphics as well as the features associated with an early intrauterine developmental disturbance, the lack of dermatoglyphic similarities in these hyperactive males reduces the likelihood of such a profound factor as a causal mechanism.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed2000

The dermatoglyphic characteristics of transsexuals: is there evidence for an organizing effect of sex hormones.

It has been proposed that gender identity and sexual orientation are influenced by the prenatal sex steroid milieu. Human dermatoglyphics and brain asymmetry have also been ascribed to prenatal hormone levels. This study investigated dermatoglyphics (total ridge count and finger ridge asymmetry) in 184 male-to-female transsexuals and 110 female-to-male transsexuals. In a subgroup, the relationship between dermatoglyphic asymmetry and spatial ability was tested. All investigations included controls. For all subjects hand preference and sexual orientation were noted. We hypothesized that the dermatoglyphics of male-to-female transsexuals would show similarities with control women and those of female-to-male transsexuals with control men. Our results showed a trend for a sex difference in total ridge count (P<.1) between genetic males and females, but no difference in directional asymmetry was found. Contrary to our expectations, the total ridge count and finger ridge asymmetry of transsexuals were similar to their genetic sex controls. Additionally, directional asymmetry was neither related to sexual orientation, nor to different aspects of spatial ability. In conclusion, we were unable to demonstrate that our chosen dermatoglyphic variables, total ridge count and finger ridge asymmetry are related to gender identity and sexual orientation in adult transsexuals. Hence, we found no support for a prenatal hormonal influence on these characteristics, at least insofar as dermatoglyphics may be regarded as a biological marker of organizing hormonal effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

On the association between adult blood pressure and dermatoglyphics as prenatal markers of development.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between finger and palm print (dermatoglyphic) features and, first, the presence or absence of hypertension, and, secondly, blood pressure levels in non-hypertensive subjects. METHODS: Prints were available from 841 male World War II veteran twins (393 pairs, 55 individual cotwins), who were born in the USA between 1917 and 1927 and examined three different times between 1969 and 1987. At each examination the hypertensive status was assessed by blood pressure measurement, use of antihypertensive medications and two physicians' diagnostic impressions. RESULTS: Subjects defined as hypertensive did not differ in dermatoglyphics from non-hypertensives for any trait examined. There were 60 twin-pairs discordant for hypertension; hypertensive cotwins showed lower ridge counts on the left hand, and this relationship was the opposite of what has previously been reported. Using only normotensive subjects at all three examinations, there was little consistent relationship between blood pressures (adjusted for age, body mass and alcohol consumption) and various dermatoglyphic features, except for lower palmar a-b ridge count in those with higher systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Unless the in utero development of dermatoglyphics in relation to blood pressure is substantially different between singleton and twin pregnancies, there are no useful relationships between dermatoglyphics and hypertension or strong relationships between the presence of certain 'dermatoglyphic markers of impaired fetal development' and blood pressure in subjects who remain normotensive until early in their seventh decade.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Evidence against a relationship between dermatoglyphic asymmetry and male sexual orientation.

Hall and Kimura (1994) studied the relation between dermatoglyphic asymmetry and male sexual orientation in a sample of 66 homosexual and 182 heterosexual men. They found that more homosexual men possessed a leftward dermatoglyphic asymmetry than did heterosexual men. In this paper, we report a comparative study about the relationship between sexual orientation and dermatoglyphic characteristics, including 60 homosexual men, 76 heterosexual men, and 60 heterosexual women, recruited from the general population, and also from a gay-rights nongovernmental organization, in Salvador, Brazil. Ulnar loops were the most frequent dermatoglyphic pattern in all groups, followed by whorls, arches, and radial loops. A chi-square analysis comparing the frequencies of the patterns in the three groups only showed an excess of ulnar loops in women (p < 0.05) and arches in men (p < 0.01), but did not reveal significant differences between homosexuals and the other groups studied. There was no significant difference between gay and straight men on total ridge count. We found a preponderance of rightward asymmetry in homosexual and heterosexual men, as well as in heterosexual women. Our results do not agree with Hall and Kimura's data indicating that more gay men possessed the minority leftward asymmetry than did straight men. There was no significant difference in leftward asymmetry in the sample studied. The results reported in this paper do not support any relation between dermatoglyphic asymmetry and male sexual orientation, and, thus, any hypothesis concerning a biological intrauterine contribution to adult sexual orientation somehow associated with dermatoglyphic development.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Dermatoglyphics of children with chronic constipation].

BACKGROUND: The dermatoglyphics can be used to study the participation of genetic factors in many diseases. There is controversy concerning the association between the dermatoglyphic pattern of digital arches and constipation. AIM: To compare the dermatoglyphic patterns among children with and without chronic constipation in relation to the dermatoglyphic patterns and characteristics of stools of their mothers. METHODS: Three groups of children aged from 2 to 12 years and their mothers were studied: 35 patients with severe chronic constipation, 45 children with mild chronic constipation and 51 children without constipation. The fingerprints were taken and evaluated by a datiloscopy technicist and classified in arch, radial loop, ulnar loop, whorl and others. RESULTS: Digital arches were found in 25.7% of severe constipated patients, 28.9% of mild constipated children and in 23.5% of controls. There was not a statistical significant association. Constipation was found in 51,9% (68/131) of the mothers. Arches were found in 35.3% of the mother with constipation and in 42.9% of mothers without constipation. There was a slight association between constipation in children and in theirs mothers (Kappa coefficient = +0.16). CONCLUSION: The dermatoglyphics were not useful to identify the influence of genetic in constipation. There was not association between the dermatoglyphic pattern of digital arch and constipation both in children and in their mothers. Only a slight concordance was found between constipation in children and in their mothers.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Analysis of the quantitative dermatoglyphic traits of the digito-palmar complex in patients with primary open angle glaucoma.

Patient with primary open angle glaucoma (PAOG), which is known to have a genetic predisposition, and their immediate relatives unaffected with PAOG, may have some changes in dermatoglyphic traits of the digito-palmar complex, since the trabecular meshwork develops at the same time and with the same hereditary base like dermatoglyphs, which have high genetic transmission. The objective of this study is to determine whether differences in quantitative dermatoglyphic traits of the digito-palmar complex exist between patients with glaucoma and the phenotipically healthy population and whether their family members have the same dermatoglyphic changes. The quantitative dermatoglyphic traits in patients suffering from glaucoma, first-degree members of their family and the phenotypically healthy population have been screened in this study. Descriptive statistics, univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc (Tukey HSD) method have been used. The results have shown that there is a link between the quantitative dermatoglyphic traits of the digito-palmar complex in patients affected by glaucoma and a first-degree healthy member of their family, as well as the difference between patients with glaucoma and their first-degree relatives, which may discriminate them from the phenotypically healthy population. The results of the study mostly affirm the existence of genetic predisposition for the development of primary open-angle glaucoma, thus emphasizing the relevance of hereditary factors in the etiopathogenesis of this disease.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1988

Digital and palmar dermatoglyphics in dementia of the Alzheimer type.

Digital and palmar dermatoglyphics were examined in 29 men and 27 women with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and 112 age-, sex-, and racial group-matched controls. Female patients had significantly (p less than 0.05) more accessory triradii and complete Sydney creases than controls; no dermatoglyphic differences were detected in the males. Separating the patients by age of onset prior to or after age 65 years did not help differentiate patients from controls by dermatoglyphic profile. This study failed to confirm either the previously reported dermatoglyphic differences between DAT patients and controls or the reported similarity of the dermatoglyphic pattern of DAT to that of Down syndrome patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Arachnodactyly and unusual dermatoglyphics: study of a case.

Clinical and dermatoglyphic findings are reported on a 3-yr old girl with multiple congenital anomalies and unusual dermatoglyphics. The anomalies, including contractural arachnodactyly, rhizomelia (a relative shortening of the proximal segment of the limbs), skin dimples, clinodactyly, disharmonic hand bone maturation, absent, hypoplastic and unusually positioned digital and metacarpophalangeal flexion creases, are not indicative of Marfan syndrome, but it is unclear what this syndrome constitutes. Among the child's most striking dermatoglyphic features, the fingertip patterns (mostly large whorls with extralimital triradii) extend proximally to the middle phalanx and are associated with unusually placed triradii. The furrows between the epidermal ridges are narrower on the volar aspects of the middle and distal phalanges than on the proximal phalanges and palms, resulting in a higher ridge density in the former areas. Dermatoglyphic comparisons between the proposita and her parents are provided. These dermatoglyphic aberrations may indicate the presence of a deleterious agent active during the period of the development of the ridge configurations and of the digital flexion creases.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2004

Dermatoglyphic profile in 22q deletion syndrome.

A genetic subtype of schizophrenia has been described in 22q11 Deletion syndrome. Previous studies have described an excess of dermatoglyphic alterations in schizophrenia, such as low a-b ridge counts (ABRCs), a high frequency of ridge dissociations, and increased dermatoglyphic fluctuating asymmetry. Little is known however, about the dermatoglyphic profile of 22qDS subjects showing psychotic symptoms and its similarity to the previously reported anomalies in schizophrenia. We studied the palmar dermatoglyphics of 22 subjects with 22qDS of predominantly Caucasian origin, 15 of whom had psychotic illness, and in 84 healthy controls of similar ethnicity. We observed higher values for total ATD angle in cases than in controls (P = 0.04). In addition, there was an excess of radial figures in the hypothenar area in cases, especially in the left hand. Interestingly, greater fluctuating asymmetry, determined by the absolute difference between right and left ABRC, was observed in 22qDS subjects compared to controls (P = 0.05). However, no differences were found for ABRCs and frequency of dissociations. Despite the small sample size, the palmprints analyzed suggest the existence of an altered dermatoglyphic profile in 22qDS, involving: (i) ATD angle amplitude, (ii) presence of radial loops in the hypothenar area, and (iii) an increment of fluctuating asymmetry. The first two features are similar to those found in other genetic syndromes associated with low IQ, while high levels of fluctuating asymmetry have often been reported in schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The dermatoglyphics of American Caucasians.

Digital and palmar dermatoglyphics were collected from 360 male and 360 female seven year old Caucasians from the greater Boston area. All participants were screened and found to be free of minor anomalies or chronic diseases. All individuals with I. Q. scores below 70 were also excluded. The results were presented in such a way as to give information on bilateral symmetry as well as overall frequencies of the various dermatoglyphic features. The results were compared with those of the corresponding sample of seven year old normal male and female Negroes of the accompanying report. A review of the distribution of the dermatoglyphic features in different Caucasian populations has also been presented and the overall dermatoglyphics of the Caucasians were discussed in reference to the distribution of the same features in the other major "racial" groups. The method of collection and selection of the subjects, described in the text, makes this set of data unique and one of the most suitable for use as controls in studying the dermatoglyphics of the individuals with diseases or congenital anomalies.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1992

Dermatoglyphic variation among Finno-Ugric speaking populations: methodological alternatives.

Utilization of dermatoglyphics for population studies is apparently increasing, but methods vary widely among investigators. We investigate how different types of dermatoglyphic data can affect estimates of biological distance among Finno-Ugric speaking populations. Dermatoglyphic distances were calculated using the following categories of traits: 1) Finger ridge-counts (radial and ulnar count for each digit), 2) finger ridge-counts (largest count for each digit), 3) finger pattern types, 4) palm ridge-counts, 5) palm patterns, and 6) main-line terminations. In addition, we compare our distances with those of Heet, which rely heavily on summary characters. Distances are evaluated by comparing them to each other and to language and geographic distances. There is considerable variation in the pattern of relationships resulting from the different variable sets. Finger variables, whether ridge-counts or pattern classifications, agree well with each other. Palm patterns, main-lines, and finger variables show moderate agreement with each other, while palm ridge-counts agree poorly with all variable sets except main-lines. Heet's distances agree poorly with all other dermatoglyphic distances. Finger patterns and main-lines are most closely related to language distances, after controlling for geography, while correlations with geography generally disappear after controlling for language. Heet's distances have weak associations with language and geography. Finger variables and palm main-lines yield results which agree best with historical relationships among Finno-Ugric populations. Our results make it very clear that utilization of dermatoglyphics in population studies requires careful consideration of methods, and that summary measures of quantitative or qualitative data should be used with caution.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Dermatoglyphic asymmetry and testosterone levels in normal males.

Dermatoglyphic prints and salivary samples were taken on a sample of 39 adult males. A statistical relationship between dermatoglyphic asymmetry and adult testosterone levels as measured in saliva was examined for seven dermatoglyphic variables by means of correlation, regression, and analysis of covariance, controlling for age and stature when necessary. The first two types of analyses indicated a significant effect of testosterone level upon the asymmetry of three dermatoglyphic variables: a-b ridge count, palmar pattern intensity, and the combined pattern intensity of palm and digits. Analysis of covariance, which examined the effect of testosterone level as a categorical variable, while holding age or stature constant, demonstrated the asymmetry of five variables to be significantly affected by testosterone level: radial digital count, digital pattern intensity, palmar pattern intensity, total digital ridge count, and the combined palmar and digital intensity. Although there is as yet only associational evidence linking levels of prenatal and secondary testosterone, the results of the present study lend support to the hypothesis that prenatal testosterone levels may have a significant effect on the development of dermatoglyphics.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Dermatoglyphics and ankylosing spondylitis.

Dermatoglyphics "the epidermal ridge configurations of the fingers, toes, palms and soles", not only help identify individuals, but have been proved to give important information about some genetic disorders. This study was aimed at finding a possible correlation between the dermatoglyphic differences in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and the HLA B27 antigen. The dermatoglyphic patterns of AS patients were compared with the data of control subjects. Significant dermatoglyphic abnormalities were found, but there proved to be no connection between the HLA B27 antigens. We therefore conclude that HLA B27 does not contribute to the development of dermatoglyphic abnormalities. It seems, however, that our findings provide some new nosographic information to the natural picture of AS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Latent structure of dermatoglyphs in the population of Selska Valley.

The historical records of Selska Valley reveal that the eastern part of this area was first settled by Slovene agrarian colonists, the western part by German colonists and the central part by Friulians. These were later followed by Slovene and Slovenized settlers, who penetrated the valley from north to south. Because of its reproductive isolation, the population of Selska Valley is highly suitable for the study of population structures. The quantitative traits of the digital and palmar dermatoglyphs are polygenetically determined characteristics, which, due to their selective inertness to changes, may provide an insight into microevolutionary processes. The purpose of our study was to identify the possible differences between the populations of villages in the valley and the mountain villages attributable to various migration flows through history. Altogether 340 finger and palm prints of 163 males and 177 females were collected in two groups of villages: (1) the lowland villages (Praprotno, Bukovica, Sevlje, Dolenja vas, Selca, Zelezniki and Zali log), and (2) the mountain villages (Podlonk, Prtovc, Spodnje Danje, Zgornja Sorica and Spodnja Sorica). The 18 dermatoglyphic variables were analyzed. A statistical analysis using standard methods was performed and the latent structure evaluated using factor analysis. The discriminant analysis and latent structure of the quantitative properties of dermatoglyphs suggest the presence of certain differences in gene pools of two studied populations (the group of villages in the valley and the group of mountain villages). It is highly probable that these differences can be attributed to low migration in the Selska Valley and to the 'selective inertness' of quantitative dermatoglyphic traits. In a previous study, no significant biological differences between the studied populations were found in qualitative dermatoglyphic traits. This indicates that Selska Valley and its village populations represent a specific isolate, and therefore expanded studies of this type could significantly contribute to a better understanding of the population concerned and isolates in general.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mode of inheritance of finger dermatoglyphic traits among Vaidyas of West Bengal, India.

BACKGROUND: It is well established that dermatoglyphics are genetically determined. But, to date, few studies have given attention to the inheritance pattern of dermatoglyphics. Furthermore, despite the existence of different advanced statistical packages, none of these previous studies implemented a model-fitting technique to reveal the mode of inheritance. Thus, the genetic nature of dermatoglyphics is still not clear. AIM: In the present communication, an attempt has been made to provide some information regarding the genetics of finger dermatoglyphics by estimating the magnitude and mode of inheritance of these traits. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The fingerprints of 824 individuals from 200 families including two generations were collected from Barasat in North 24-Parganas, West Bengal. The study includes familial correlations between first-degree relatives and corresponding heritabilities. In the final stage, segregation analyses by the Pedigree Analysis Package (PAP) were conducted on these data to understand the mode of inheritance. RESULTS: The major findings indicated the following: (a) Familial correlations in all possible relationships (except spouse correlation) were statistically significant and of comparable magnitude. (b) The corresponding heritabilities were in the range between 59% for Pattern Intensity Index (PII) and 77% for Total Finger Ridge Count (TFRC). These estimates were in agreement with previously published data on this subject. (c) By segregation analysis, the 'Sporadic', 'Environmental', 'No major gene effect' as well as 'No polygenic component' models were strongly rejected (p < 0.05) and the hypothesis of a major gene's (MG) influence on all studied traits was accepted, though the proportion of MG variance was low. (d) The Most Parsimonious Mendelian model clearly indicated the contribution of a major gene with dominant (for PII) and additive (for two ridge counts) effects. CONCLUSION: The present report supports the evidence of the existence of a major gene on these dermatoglyphic traits and the transmission of this effect is consistent with Mendelian expectation.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Complex segregation analysis of quantitative dermatoglyphic traits in five Indian populations.

OBJECTIVE: Dermatoglyphics is widely used as a genetically determined trait in anthropogenetics although the genetic nature of its inheritance is still inconclusive, due to the lack of any established genetic model to resolve the existing inconsistencies in the literature. However, advanced statistical packages for complex segregation analyses are available and the aim of the present study is to determine the mode of dermatoglyphic trait inheritance in five different ethnic populations. METHODS: Five hundred families (2435 individuals) of two generations were used for principal component analysis, familial correlation and segregation analysis (package MAN-5). RESULTS: The similarity of three factors suggests a common internal structure. Significant familial correlation (except spouse) indicates the involvement of a familial component in the variation of dermatoglyphic traits. Segregation analyses suggest the transmission of a genetic effect in the families which follows the Mendelian model and confirms a major gene effect on factor 1 and factor 2 with two co-dominant alleles. There is no evidence of a major gene effect or environmental effect on factor 3 (a-b ridge counts). The nature of transmission and trait variance (H2) strongly supports the existence of a common nature of dermatoglyphic trait inheritance in populations, irrespective of ethnic and geographic area. CONCLUSION: Major gene involvement in finger dermatoglyphics according to Mendelian models is confirmed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1978

Dermatoglyphics and aging.

The objectives of the present study were to compare the frequencies of various dermatoglyphic features among male adults of four different age groups (30-44 years of age, 45-59, 60-74, and 75 years of age and older) and to compare the dermatoglyphic frequencies of a sample of normal 7-year-old males with those of each of the four adult groups. The results indicated that, for the most part, the four adult groups had very similar dermatoglyphic frequencies. The dermatoglyphics of the 7-year-olds were also found to be very similar to those of the 30- to 44-year-old adults; however, they showed, progressively, more significant dermatoglyphic differences as they were compared with succeedingly older age groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Dermatoglyphic peculiarities in families with X-linked mental retardation and fragile site Xq27: a collaborative study.

The dermatoglyphic patterns of fingertips, palms and soles of 75 male patients with X-linked mental retardation and fra-Xq27 and of 28 obligate female heterozygotes were analyzed and compared with the data from 200 male and 200 female control individuals. The results show that there is a strong association between the fra-X-syndrome and dermatoglyphic peculiarities observed in male patients and also in female heterozygotes. The characteristic dermatoglyphic features of the fra-X-syndrome are: increased frequencies of radial loops, whorls and arches on the fingertips, a pronounced transversal course of palmar ridges, lower a-b RC, absence of c-triradii on the palms, abnormal palmar and plantar creases, dysplasia of the papillary ridges and low frequencies of true patterns on the soles. Some of these patterns were found in the female carriers of fra-Xq27 also. The combination of palmar and plantar patterns, expressed by a "log. score-Index", provides a high degree of discrimination between the male patients with fra-X-syndrome and the control group. A preliminary log. score-Index was developed also for the female heterozygotes. A "phantom picture" of the dermatoglyphic stigmata is constructed. We suggest that dermatoglyphic examination of the members of families suspected for fra-Xq27-syndrome can be useful for predicting this state and for diagnosing male hemizygotes and carrier females.

Adolescent↗