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PubMed1984

Surface coatings on dental cementum incident to periodontal disease. (II). Scanning electron microscopic confirmation of a mineralized cuticle.

Root surfaces, exposed by periodontal disease, were studied after treatment with sodium hypochlorite. Observations of the anorganic specimens demonstrated that substantial changes occur in root surfaces incident to periodontal disease. A mineralized surface coating was seen in all areas of the involved root surface, although local regions occurred where the coating was apparently unmineralized. These findings generally confirmed the results of a previous study where the same specimens were studied without hypochlorite treatment. It is concluded that the coating is probably identical to the dental cuticle, and stems from adsorption of components of the gingival inflammatory exudate to the root surface. The coating may also be the carrier matrix for exogenous cytotoxic substances, previously thought to be located in the cementum. The findings may have implications for the way of treating periodontitis-involved root surfaces.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1978

[Cleidocranial dysplasia--histological findings in the dental cementum].

Up to now only very few reports on histological studies of teeth in cleidocranial dysplasia have been published. We are presenting a 12-year old boy with this syndrome. Seven of his teeth were studied microscopically. The most relevant results are as follows: acellular cementum in all teeth, almost complete missing of cellular cementum, normal intermediate cementum. The pathogenesis of the retarded eruption of teeth in this disorder is explained as a result of eburnation of the alveolar bone as well as fibrosis of the gingiva. The therapy of choice in order to stimulate eruption is a rigid orthodontic treatment of the impacted teeth using fixed appliances.

Child↗
PubMed2003

[Structural characteristics of dental cementum of skeletal remains of the first Catholic cemetery in Berlin (St. Hedwig's Cemetery, Central Berlin; 1777-1834)].

Analysis of the incremental lines of human tooth cementum permits the chronological age-at-death diagnosis in skeletal finds. In addition, certain life history parameters, especially times of higher physiological calcium demand, should also manifest themselves in the cementum in the form of hypomineralized incremental lines. It has been shown previously that counting the incremental lines leads to a chronological age-at-death diagnosis more precise than the morphological age-at-death assessment, particularly in less well preserved skeletal finds. Both aspects were subject of this investigation of an underprivileged early modern human population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Can there be age determination on the basis of the dental cementum also in older individuals as a significant context between histological and real age determination].

The aim of this study is to test the cementum annulation technique for its reliability used on individuals of higher ages. Two samples were taken. The first consists of teeth from 34 individuals with known ages between 57 and 90 years. A second sample of 24 teeth from younger individuals between 21 and 45 years was taken as control group. The results show, that there is a greater divergence between predicted and actual age in older persons. The present study shows how great this divergence is and drives attention to possible reasons. Furthermore, it is shown if there is a difference between men and women and between modern teeth and teeth from the 19th century.

Age Determination by Teeth↗
PubMed2001

Age-at-death diagnosis and determination of life-history parameters by incremental lines in human dental cementum as an identification aid.

Incremental lines in acellular extrinsic fiber cementum of 91 roots from 80 freshly extracted teeth have been investigated for a verification of the suitability of pathological teeth for a valid age-at-death diagnosis. Independent from tooth type, the accuracy of histological age-at-death diagnosis is clearly a function of a tooth's pathological state. Various periodontal diseases lead to a reduced number of incremental lines, while teeth with a sufficient nutritional support of their root showed a deviation of the histological age from the known actual age of 2-3 years only. For all patients, a detailed query concerning a variety of life-history parameters was established. We are able to show that especially previous pregnancies, skeletal traumata and renal diseases which all have a marked influence on the calcium metabolism result in hypomineralized incremental lines. The year of production of these hypomineralized lines could be dated precisely. Differential quality of incremental lines can, therefore, serve as a valuable tool in identification cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The equine periodontium as a continuously remodeling system: morphometrical analysis of cell proliferation.

OBJECTIVE: The hypsodont equine cheek tooth erupts continuously throughout life. Tooth eruption is inevitably associated with a remodeling of the periodontium. One major process of remodeling in the PDL is cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to detect cell proliferation at different sites of the equine PDL in order to examine the dynamics of the periodontal cell population. DESIGN: Specimens from nine warm-blood horses were taken-- containing the PDL interposed between the cementum and the alveolar bone--at three designated levels: subgingival, middle, and apical. Cell proliferation was detected immunohistochemically by use of anti-Ki-67 in combination with an elaborate morphometrical procedure using an image-analysis program. Three zones of the PDL were distinguished in each specimen: a zone next to the dental cementum, a central zone, and a zone next to the alveolar bone. The PDL was divided into three levels and three zones, resulting in nine defined regions of interest. RESULTS: The proliferation index was high at the apical level and in the zone next to the alveolar bone. The opposite was true of cell density, which was high at the subgingival level and in a zone next to the dental cementum. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation and statistical analysis of the parameters proliferation index and cell density in distinct, biologically appropriate sites of the equine PDL suggest the presence of dynamic processes like cell migration by which the cells of the PDL move from an area next to the alveolar bone towards the dental cementum, and in an apico-occlusal direction. Furthermore, our study confirms the close relationship between cell proliferation, cell migration, and eruption.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Crystallite arrangement of hydroxyapatite microcrystals in human tooth cementum as revealed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).

Human dental cementum was analyzed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The measured EPR powder spectra of gamma-irradiated cementum resembled those of gamma-irradiated enamel. Both spectra were characterized by the same line shapes and g values. The position of the extreme first derivate peaks can be described by g1 = 2.0023 and g2 = 1.9971 +/- 0.0002, and are assignable to the CO3(3-) center. The angular dependence of the cementum EPR spectra indicates a different arrangement of the hydroxyapatite microcrystals compared to that of enamel. A corresponding model of cementum microcrystal alignment has been proposed. The methodology presented can be utilized for studying the mineralization process of root cementum and other mineralized tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Individual age determination using growth rings in the cementum of buried human teeth].

Incremental lines of the dental cementum were used for individual age determination in 102 teeth. 66 of them come from different historic periods, 15 teeth were cremated. 36 modern teeth of known age were use as controls. The incremental lines were investigated by use of 100 microns thin cross-sections of the root. Age determination by this method was possible in every tooth, independent of incinaration of various burial conditions. The individual age was determined by adding the mean value of the repeatedly counted incremental lines to the sex-specific eruption age of the tooth in question. Since average deviation from known age is +/- 3.23 years only, counting the incremental lines represent a very advantageous, quantitative method for individual age determination.

Adolescent↗