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PubMedDate not supplied

Heterogeneity in prostate cancer: prostate specific antigen (PSA) and DNA cytophotometry.

BACKGROUND: The heterogeneity in prostate cancer is the reason for the difficult diagnosis and prognosis of this tumor. In this study, we looked for a correlation between prostate specific antigen (PSA), tumor staging and DNA cytophotometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two prostates (pT1-T4) from patients with prostate cancer, who underwent radical prostatectomy, were examined. Preoperative PSA and postoperative DNA image cytometry, after 2-8 needle biopsies out of each organ, were evaluated. RESULTS: The prostate cancer tissues showed, in DNA stemline-interpretation according to Fu, in homogenous diploid tumors an average PSA level of 3.8 ng/ml, and, in homogenous aneuploid tumors, a level of 14.0 ng/ml. Tumors with heterogeneous DNA patterns with a majority of aneuploidy had an average PSA level of 85.6 ng/ml, and heterogeneous tissues with a majority of diploidy a level of 10.9 ng/ml. CONCLUSION: Only the stemline-interpretation of Fu after DNA cytophotometry is efficient for diagnosis of prostate cancer, and allows prognostic statements of the disease.

Cytophotometry↗

PubMed1996

Prognostic significance of nuclear DNA content and proliferative activity in renal cell carcinomas. A clinicopathologic study of 58 patients using mitotic count, MIB-1 staining, and DNA cytophotometry.

BACKGROUND: For a variety of human malignancies, static DNA cytophotometry and immunostaining for the Ki-67 antigen using the antibody MIB-1 have provided significant prognostic information. METHODS: Surgical specimens of 58 renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) were investigated by conventional histology, DNA cytophotometry, and MIB-1 immunostaining. RESULTS: The MIB-1 indices and DNA data were found not only to be significantly correlated with various other morphologic parameters, but also to the clinical behavior of RCC. In the course of this study (median observation period: 31 months), 27% of patients died from RCC. None of these patients belonged to the group of 37 patients with RCCs exhibiting diploid or euploid DNA histograms. Lethal outcome occurred in only 16 of the 21 patients (76%) with noneuploid or aneuploid histogram tumors (P < 0.0001). According to their MIB-1 indices and upon choosing different cutoff levels, the 58 RCCs were categorized into 2 groups with either low or high proliferative activity. Using the median and the mean MIB-1 index as cutoffs, none of the patients with tumors showing low proliferative activity had died, whereas 16 of 29 patients (55%) or, respectively, 16 of 25 patients (64%) with tumors exhibiting high proliferative activity, had died from RCC (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to tumor grade and stage, both a high MIB-1 index and a noneuploid or aneuploid DNA histogram of a given RCC have the potential to identify tumor patients with an impaired prognosis.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Absorption cytophotometry: evaluation of three methods for the determination of DNA in Feulgen stained nuclei.

Three methods for the evaluation of the relative amount of DNA per nucleus by absorption cytophotometry are compared. A combination of the two-wavelength method (Patau, 1952; Ornstein, 1952), the one-wavelength two-area method (Garcia, 1965) and the determination of transmission through nuclear plugs is proposed in order to estimate systematic errors made by absorption cytophotometry.

DNA↗

PubMed1986

The application of flow cytophotometry in measurements of cell adhesion.

A common approach to the study of cell substrate interactions is the measurement of the attachment of cells to different substrates or to cultured cell layers. The evaluation of attachment is made either by scintillation counting of previously labelled adhering cells, or by light microscopy using the criterion of cell shape, sometimes refined by automatic image analysis. These methods have many drawbacks. This paper suggests the use of fluorescence-activated flow cytophotometry, (FC) which yields direct counts of the non-adhering cells. These "free" cells are removed after completion of the adhesion experiment from the microtitre plate wells. An internal standard, in the form of fluorescent polystyrene beads is added, allowing evaluation of the percentage of cells adhering to the well walls. Flow cytophotometry then produces data based on the analysis of large populations of cells. Unequivocal discrimination is obtained between the counted cells and counted fluorescent beads eliminating counting errors. The results can be processed on line by computer. A suspension of mouse splenocytes was used for the evaluation of the overall error of the method arising from inaccuracies in pipetting, interference of glutaraldehyde with ethidium bromide (EB) staining and instrumental error. Each adhesion experiment was terminated by staining and post-fixation and it was established that this introduces no change in cell counting, in comparison with the original unfixed cells. Prefixation, however, quenches the EB staining and would interfere with the counting procedure. The overall standard error of the technique was found to be 5%-10%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1991

DNA cytophotometry in adrenocortical tumours: a clinicomorphological study of 66 cases.

Surgical specimens of 66 adrenocortical tumours were investigated by conventional microscopy and DNA cytophotometry. Histologically, 50 neoplasms were classified as adenomas and 16 as carcinomas. In only 8 of the latter cases were distant metastases and/or a lethal outcome recorded. On single cell scanning cytophotometry either non-euploid or aneuploid DNA histograms were identified in 24 of 50 adenomas (48%) and in 14 of 16 carcinomas (88%). The two carcinomas exhibiting euploid DNA distributions fell into the group of 7 malignancies which are recurrence-free so far. From these findings it is concluded that DNA measurements have no diagnostic and only limited prognostic value in neoplasms of the adrenal cortex.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1976

The significance of DNA flow-through fluorescence cytophotometry for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma.

Flow-through fluorescence cytophotometric determination of nuclear DNA content was employed for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration biopsy material from the prostate of 220 patients was used for study. A false negative rate of 11.4% and a false positive rate of 29.7% were obtained when the results of flow-through photometry were compared with those of traditional cytodiagnosis. It was found that 4.5% of the specimens were unsuitable for cytologic diagnosis and 10.9% for flow-through cytophotometry. False negative DNA histograms may be due to two factors: either the number of tumor cells is small or there are tumor cells whose nuclear DNA content does not differ from that of a normal cell population. False positive findings result from proliferating cells in inflammatory activation. Errors in preparation of the material and mechanical mistakes, such as cellular clumping and coincidences, are less likely causes. The greater percentage of specimens which were inadequate for cytophotometry was due to the large number of cells needed for a utilizable flow-through photometric histogram. The high rate of false negative and false positive results (11.4% and 29.7%, respectively) argues against using flow-through photometric nuclear DNA determination for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed1979

DNA-cytophotometry of lymph node imprints from patients with mycosis fungoides.

To obtain objective criteria for early diagnosis of lymph node involvement in patients with mycosis fundoides, Feulgen DNA-cytophotometry was carried out in lymph node imprints from patients with mycosis fungoides. The lymph nodes of 3 patients with lymph nodes, showing partial or total replacement by atypical lymphoreticular tissue histologically, showed a polyploid and aneuploid DNA distribution. Eleven out of 22 patients with dermatopathic lymphadenopathy both with or without early involvement histologically had an abnormal DNA histogram with hypertetraploid DNA values. Four of these 11 died, 5 had a partial remission in response to therapy and 2 had sustained remission during the follow-up period of 5 yr. The other 11 patients had a normal DNA distribution. Of these 11, one died and 10 achieved sustained remission after therapy. There is a good correlation between the DNA-cytophotometric results and histology of the lymph nodes. On the basis of these results DNA-cytophotometry may be considered an additional and objective aid in the diagnosis of lymph node involvement in mycosis fungoides.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Studies on the population kinetics of the Walker carcinoma by autoradiography and pulse cytophotometry.

The proliferation parameters of the Walker carcinoma were estimated from both in vivo and in vitro measurements. tthe transplantable Walker carcinoma 256 was grown in male inbred BD1 rats. During exponential growth, 5--6 days after transplantation, a PLM curve was performed, yielding estimates of TC approximately equal to 18-0 hr, TS approximately equal to 6-4 hr, TG2+M approximately equal to 4-1 hr. With the double labelling technique in vitro under 2-2 atm oxygen we obtained: TC approximately equal to 18-2 hr, TS approximately equal to 8-2 hr, TG2+M approximately equal to 2-0 hr. From pulse cytophotometry DNA content histograms the fractions of cells in the cell cycle phases were calculated using a computer program: fG1 approximately equal to (47-6 +/- 1-1)%, fS approximately equal to (34-1 +/- 1-0)%, fG2+M approximately equal to (18-3 +/- 1-5)%. These fractions remained constant between the fifth and the twelfth day after transplantation. At that time the tumour growth had already slowed down appreciably. The growth fraction determined by repetitive labelling was 0.96 on the fifth and 0-93 on the seventh and eleventh day. The cell loss factor was phi approximately equal to 17% during exponential tumor growth and increased to about 100% between the tenth and twelfth day. The agreement of the cell kinetic data determined by autoradiography from solid tumours in vivo (PLM, continuous labelling) and autoradiography as well as pulse cytophotometry from in vitro experiments (excised material) was satisfactory.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

DNA cytophotometry in pre-natal cytogenetic diagnosis.

DNA cytophotometry was used to resolve a cytogenetic ambiguity involving a possible deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 18 in cells obtained by amniocentesis. Measurements of chromosomal DNA content were within normal limits. This is the first time that DNA cytophotometry has been used in cytogenetic diagnosis; it illustrates the potential of this new approach to cytogenetics.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Biological behaviour and DNA cytophotometry of urothelial bladder carcinoma.

In this prospective study, primary urothelial bladder tumour specimens from 64 patients were investigated by means of DNA Feulgen cytophotometry. The patients were followed clinically for at least 7 years. The objective cytophotometric parameters correlated well with the histopathological grading and the cytochemical data were of considerable prognostic value. They were closely correlated with the stage of the tumour, 5- and 7-year survival rates and the probability of tumour recurrence. It is concluded that DNA cytophotometry can serve as a method for the standardisation of histological grading and can give more objective and more detailed prognostic information than conventional histopathology.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Quantitative cytophotometry evaluated as a method for analyses of herpes simplex viral deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.

Feulgen deoxyribonucleic acid (F-DNA) microspectrophotometry was evaluated as a potential tool for quantification of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and 2(HSV-2) DNA synthesis in single cells. Since HSV DNA synthesis has been extensively studied using incorporation of radioactive precursors into viral and cellular DNA, microspectrophotometric measures were correlated with biochemical data obtained using tritium-labeled thymidine ([3H]TdR). It was established that: (i) viral-induced increaae in F-DNA can be cytophotometrically detected between 1 and 6 h postinjection (p.i.), which corresponds to the initial incorporation of [3H) TdR into viral DNA; (ii) peak F-DNA levels occurred 8 h p.i., which supported cytological observations of a more rapid development of an inclusion body in HSV-2-infected nuclei. Despite the fact that F-DNA cytophotometry is unable to distinguish between cell and viral DNA, the overall study supports the existence of a good correlation between data obtained using microspectrophotometric and conventional isotope methods. Furthermore, cytophotometry complements biochemical evaluations in that it permits analyses of DNA changes on a single-cell basis or the detection of infection in very small numbers of cells.

Cell Nucleus↗

PubMed1977

Scanning Feulgen-deoxyribonucleic acid cytophotometry of Papanicolaou destained preparations.

Feulgen deoxyribonucleic acid cytophotometry of Papanicolaou destained specimens revealed a differential loss in Feulgen reactivity among human buccal and cervical smears, cultured embryonic lung fibroblasts and invasive cervical carcinoma cells. Loss in Feulgen reactivity in Papanicolaou destained fibroblasts and polyploid nuclei of malignant lesions was observed to result in underestimates of relative Feulgen deoxyribonucleic acid and nuclear area values using scanning integrating microdensitometry. Thus, Papanicolaou stained preparations may not be suitable for deoxyribonucleic acid quantification of high ploidy lesions since distributional absorption error is unpredictably influenced by such factors as ploidy level, nuclear size, chromatin dispersion and differential aldehyde loss during destaining. Feulgen deoxyribonucleic acid cytophotometry of Papanicolaou stained preparations can be useful for differentiating benign from malignant lesions if extent of aneuploidy (as reflected in abnormal deoxyribonucleic acid frequency distribution profile) is used as a diagnostic indicator.

Cell Nucleus↗

PubMed1990

[Histology, immunocytochemistry and DNA cytophotometry of adrenal glandpheochromocytoma (PCC)--a morphologic clinal study of 64 tumors].

Surgical specimens of 64 adrenal PCCs were investigated by conventional histology, immunocytochemistry and DNA-cytophotometry. Tumour weights of more than 200 g were recorded for each of the 6 malignant, but for only one of the 58 clinically benign neoplasms. Increased mitotic activity (greater than 5 mitoses/10 HPF) was, apart from one benign lesion, only seen among malignomas. Immunocytochemically, all malignomas were entirely devoid of S100-positive sustentacular cells and, as compared to benign PCCs, showed reduced expression rates of different neuropeptides. Upon cytophotometry, only 5/43 tumours exhibited euploid DNA histograms, all these cases belonging to the group of benign PCC. According to these findings, morphology does not enable a definite prediction of the clinical course of individual PCC cases, but renders the definition of risk groups possible. A benign diagnosis can be made in multihormonal euploid tumours weighing less than 200 g. In larger neoplasms and in cases lacking sustentacular cells and showing increased mitotic activity, an unfavourable prognosis is to be suspected and the same therapeutic procedures should be applied as for tumours in which malignancy is evident in metastatic growth.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMed1983

[Importance of impulse cytophotometry in the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer].

In 102 cases with hypertrophy and 73 patients with carcinoma of the prostate, all histologically proven, fine-needle biopsies were done and the obtained material investigated by conventional cytology as well as by flow-through cytophotometric determination of DNA content of the nuclei. In prostatic cancer the DNA determinations showed less diagnostic precision than conventional cytology. However as an additional diagnostic procedure the flow-through cytophotometry was able to improve the results of cytologic diagnostic for 10% in all cases with histologically proven cancer of all grades. In hypertrophy of prostate, the exclusion of carcinoma could be done by DNA determination with higher security than by conventional cytology. Flow-through cytophotometry is therefore considered a useful additional test in primary diagnostic and grading of prostatic cancer. In addition it is a method to evaluate the efficacy of drug therapy.

Flow Cytometry↗

PubMed1985

DNA image cytometry on machine-selected breast cancer cells and a comparison between flow cytometry and scanning cytophotometry.

A DNA image cytometry method, implemented on the LEYTAS image processing system, has been applied to acriflavine-Feulgen-stained breast cancer cytology specimens. An essential feature of the LEYTAS image cytometry method (LCM) is the automated selection of single nuclei according to predetermined specifications. Visual interaction has been used to reject remaining artefacts like overlapping nuclei. DNA profiles obtained with LCM have been compared with DNA profiles obtained by scanning cytophotometry (SCM) or flow cytometry (FCM). The resolution of DNA profiles obtained with LCM is similar to that from SCM but lower than that from FCM. However, a high correlation is found for the DNA indices measured with LCM and FCM (r = 0.97). The LCM profiles of aneuploid tumours generally showed lower accessory diploid fractions than FCM profiles due to the automated rejection of leukocyte nuclei. Also, LCM profiles frequently showed the presence of minor subpopulations of highly aneuploid/polyploid tumour cells that could not be identified by FCM. Therefore, LCM appears to be supplementary to FCM for studying tumour cell stemline heterogeneity.

Aneuploidy↗

PubMed1987

DNA-cytophotometry of benign compound and intradermal naevi, Spitz epithelioid naevi and malignant melanomas.

Single cell DNA cytophotometry was used to characterize seven compound, ten intradermal and six Spitz naevi as well as 23 primary cutaneous malignant melanomas. Compound and intradermal naevi were characterized by a smaller nuclear area than both Spitz naevi and malignant melanomas. Tumour ploidy could not be used as a single criterion of malignancy since both diploid and hyperdiploid melanomas were encountered. The very low mean optical density of Spitz naevi served to distinguish these lesions from malignant melanomas.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Malignant transformation of giant cell tumor in the distal radius. Value of the DNA cytophotometry].

The GCT is a primary bone tumor of intermedia dignity, whereby the forecast of the biological behaviour and outcome is impossible on the base of the conventional histological diagnosis. The authors observed in one of their GCT-patients a malignant transformation of the formerly benign tumor. Through announcement of their case the authors want to call the attention to the importance of the DNA-Cytophotometry and to their possible future additional role in the diagnostics of the GCT and in the prediction of their biological behaviour.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[Diagnosis of endometrial cancer by DNA cytophotometry].

Cytophotometric determination of nuclear DNA content was performed in 121 cases by examining endometrial preparations. The endometrial cells were obtained by means of a MiMark cell sampler before curetting. A variety of groups (normal endometrium, adenomatous hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma) were compared with each other and examined under statistical conditions. The differences were statistically significant according to the 3rd quartile (75% of DNA-population in a histogram) between the group of secretory transformed and atrophic endometrium and the group of well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Determination of the median and deviation index of the DNA population yielded similar results. The group of adenomatous hyperplasia did not differ from the normal endometrium according to all statistical parameters. Obviously it is impossible to distinguish precancerous endometrium from normal endometrium by cytophotometry. Differences between proliferative endometrium and well differentiated adenocarcinoma were seen in individual cases only. On the other hand, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma could obviously be differentiated and delimitated.

Adenocarcinoma↗