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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Tissue-specific and species-specific distribution of -SH groups in cytochrome c oxidase subunits.

Cytochrome c oxidase was isolated from pig, bovine, rat and human tissues including liver, heart, diaphragm and kidney. The native and the sodium-dodecyl-sulfate (SDS)-dissociated enzymes were labelled under optimal conditions with N-ethyl-[2,3-14C]maleimide before and after reduction with dithiothreitol, separated into 13 subunits by SDS gel electrophoresis and the radioactive bands were visualized by fluorography. In some cases the radioactive bands were cut out and counted. All isozymes were labelled in subunits I, III, Va and VIIb, and in subunit II after reduction. Labelling of subunit Vb was equivocal, and in no case were subunits IV and VIc labelled. All other subunits were labelled tissue-specifically and/or species-specifically. No differences were found between labelling of the native and SDS-dissociated enzyme. By relating the molar amount of bound N-ethylmaleimide to the known amount of cysteines in subunits of bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase, the percentage of -SH group reactivity was calculated. Only the cysteine of subunit Va was found to be 100% reactive. The distinct and different reactivity of subunit VIIb as compared to subunits VIIa and VIIc clearly establishes this polypeptide as an independent subunit of mammalian cytochrome c oxidase.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Nonenzymatic reduction of brucine N-oxide by the heme group of cytochrome P450.

Evidence showing that cytochrome P450-mediated reduction of brucine N-oxide to brucine by rat liver microsomes proceeds nonenzymatically in the presence of both a reduced pyridine nucleotide and FAD is presented. The microsomal N-oxide reduction appears to proceed in two steps: The first step is reduction of FAD by NADPH or NADH either enzymatically or nonenzymatically. The second step is nonenzymatic reduction of the tertiary amine N-oxide by the reduced flavin and is nonenzymatically catalyzed by the heme group of cytochrome P450.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of tamoxifen and levonorgestrel treatment on carbon tetrachloride induced alterations in rats.

Oestrogens cause progression in liver lesion, and thus ovariectomy improves hepatic injury both functionally and histologically. In the present study the efficacy of the antioestrogen tamoxifen (CAS 10540-29-1) was examined in chronical carbon tetrachloride damage. The results were compared with the effect of the progestogen levonorgestrel. Male Wistar rats were treated for 16 days. Blood sampling and autopsy were performed 2 h after last tamoxifen resp. levonorgestrel and 1 h after last CCl4 dosage. Tamoxifen diminished water content of the healthy liver. By fairly the same ratio it decreased high water content of the damaged liver. Levonorgestrel moderated water imbibition in CCl4 impairment. Tamoxifen caused protein synthesis in healthy and in injured liver. Levonorgestrel could not prevent protein loss associated with CCl4 damage. Tamoxifen counteracted, levonorgestrel moderated glycogen loss in liver lesion. Blood glucose was normal in all examined groups. Cytochrome P-450 decrease in CCl4 injury was moderated but not normalised by tamoxifen. Levonorgestrel was less effective. Cytochrome b5 content diminished in CCl4 lesion and both treatments restored it. Aminopyrine-N-demethylase was impaired by liver injury. An improvement was measured correlating with microsomal cytochrome P-450 content. This was significant with tamoxifen but not following levonorgestrel administration. The pathological serum bilirubin level of CCl4 lesion was normalised by tamoxifen as well as levonorgestrel treatment. The progestogen levonorgestrel moderated liver injury in reducing high water content, glycogen loss and normalising serum bilirubin. The antioestrogen tamoxifen seems to be a promising treatment in chronic hepatic impairment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
PubMed2004

Classical force field parameters for the heme prosthetic group of cytochrome c.

Accurate force fields are essential for describing biological systems in a molecular dynamics simulation. To analyze the docking of the small redox protein cytochrome c (cyt c) requires simulation parameters for the heme in both the reduced and oxidized states. This work presents parameters for the partial charges and geometries for the heme in both redox states with ligands appropriate to cyt c. The parameters are based on both protein X-ray structures and ab initio density functional theory (DFT) geometry optimizations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level. The simulations with the new parameter set reproduce the geometries of the X-ray structures and the interaction energies between water and heme prosthetic group obtained from B3LYP/6-31G* calculations. The parameter set developed here will provide new insights into docking processes of heme containing redox proteins.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1987

Resolution of the circular dichroism spectra of the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex.

The circular dichroic spectrum of the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex isolated from bovine heart has been resolved into the contributions from the prosthetic groups: cytochrome c1, the 'Rieske' iron-sulphur centre and the two b cytochromes. It is apparent that firstly, the circular dichroism (CD) properties of cytochrome c1 within the bc1 complex differ from those found in the isolated cytochrome c1 and secondly, both the oxidized and reduced b cytochromes exhibit an intense spectrum of bilobic shape, with the wavelengths of the cross-over points closely corresponding to those of the maxima in the optical absorbance spectra. These latter CD features are discussed in relation to the proposed structure of cytochrome b.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Different reactivity of carboxylic groups of cytochrome c oxidase polypeptides from pig liver and heart.

Cytochrome c oxidase isolated from pig liver and heart was incubated with 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethyl-amino)propyl]carbodiimide and [14C]glycine ethyl ester in the presence and absence of cytochrome c. Labelling of individual subunits was determined after separation of the enzyme complexes into 13 polypeptides by SDS-gel electrophoresis. Polypeptide II and additional but different polypeptides were labelled in the liver and in the heart enzyme. Labelling of polypeptide II and of some other polypeptides could be partially or completely suppressed by cytochrome c. From the data two conclusions can be drawn: In addition to polypeptide II, other polypeptides take part in the binding of cytochrome c to cytochrome c oxidase; the binding domain for cytochrome c is different in pig liver and heart cytochrome c oxidase.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A Förster-resonance-energy transfer-based method for fluorescence detection of the protein redox state.

A method for fluorescence detection of a protein's redox state based on resonance energy transfer from an attached fluorescence label to the prosthetic group of the redox protein is described and tested for proteins containing three types of prosthetic groups: a type-1 copper site (azurin, amicyanin, plastocyanin, and pseudoazurin), a heme group (cytochrome c550), and a flavin mononucleotide (flavodoxin). This method permits one to reliably distinguish between reduced and oxidized proteins and to perform potentiometric titrations at submicromolar concentrations.

Azurin↗