Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Cypriniformes”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Cytogenetical studies on three species of Noemacheilinae and Gastromyzoninae fishes (Cobitidae; Cypriniformes).

Karyotype including NORs were examined in three species of fishes in the family Cobitidae. In the subfamily Noemacheilinae, Lefua nikkonis showed 2n=50 categorized into 4 metacentric (m), 24 submeta- and subtelocentric (sm-st) and 22 acrocentric (a) chromosomes, including NORs on a pair of medium size sm-st chromosome. This species has 1.0 pg DNA content per diploid nucleus. Micronemacheilus pulcher from the same subfamily showed 2n=50 chromosomes consisted of 8 m, 30 sm-st and 12 a chromosomes, including NORs on a pair ofa chromosome. In Beaufortia kweichoensis kweichowensis belonging to the subfamily Gastromyzoninae, the karyotypc with 2n=48, comprising 10 m, 26 sm-st and 12 a was observed. NORs were located at interstitial region of long arm of the longest sm chromosome.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Coccidia (eimeriidae) of fishes (Cypriniformes) in the continental waters of Russia].

Thorough data on 67 coccidian species of the genera Eimeria, Goussia, and Isospora parasitizing fishes in the continental waters of Russia are given. Authors, year of description, synonyms, morphofunctional organization, and list of the hosts are reported for each species. The paper is supplied with figures of the exogenic stages of coccidia (oocysts).

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A BAC library for the goldfish Carassius auratus auratus (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes).

A goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) bacterial artificial chromosome genomic library (BAC library) was constructed from one aquarium-bred male specimen (tetraploid, 4n=100, genome size=3.52 pg/cell). The library consists of 128,352 positive clones with an average insert size of 150.4 kb, covering the genome 11-fold. All clones were spotted onto nylon filters and thus are available for screening of genomic regions of interest, such as candidate genes, gene families, or large-sized syntenic DNA regions of cyprinid species. Preliminary screens with two genes were conducted with hybridizing probes to the genes RAG1 and lgi1. RAG1 is a single-copy gene in zebrafish and is duplicated in C. a. auratus. We found a very close correlation between the number of positive BAC clones and the expected library coverage. Two copies of lgi1 were found in zebrafish. We have detected four different copies in C. a. auratus, not in the expected abundance, which indicates some variation in the coverage of the BAC library. The preliminary screens indicate that many duplicated genes that resulted from the ancient fish-specific genome duplication persist in the tetraploid goldfish genome. Hence, the BAC library will provide a useful resource for the future work on comparative genomics, polyploidy, diploidization, and evolutionary genomics in fishes.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A molecular perspective on the phylogenetic relationships of the barbeled minnows, historically assigned to the genus Hybopsis (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes).

Allozyme products of 32 gene loci were compared for the North American cyprinid fishes Campostoma oligolepis, Cyprinella galactura, Cyprinella monacha, Erimystax cahni, E. dissimilis, E. insignis, E. x-punctatus, Hybopsis amblops, H. labrosa, H. rubriforns, H. zanema, Macrhybopsis aestivalis, M. gelida, M. meeki, Nocomis biguttatus, Phenacobius uranops, Platygobio gracilis, and P. storeriana. Triose-phosphate isomerase was found to be duplicated in all species examined. Parsimony analysis revealed that Hybopsis sensu lato did not form a monophyletic group. Cyprinella monacha was found to be the sister species to members of the genus Cyprinella and was excluded from the genus Erimystax. A clade of four species of Erimystax was identified although relationships among the four species could not be resolved. Phenacobius was identified as the sister group to Erimystax. The genus Macrhybopsis was expanded to include M. aestivalis. Macrhybopsis gelida was identified as the sister to M. meeki and M. aestivalis as the sister to the former two species. The genus Platygobio was expanded to include P. storeriana. Hybopsis labrosa and H. zanema were found to be more closely related to members of the genus Hybopsis sensu stricto than to members of Cyprinella.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Studies on fish scale formation and resorption. III. Fine structure and calcification of the fibrillary plates of the scales in Carassius auratus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae).

Electron microscopic investigation of scales of the goldfish Carassius auratus revealed that the lamellae of fibrillary plates contain sheet-like structures composed of vertically oriented collagen fibers embedded in an organic matrix. The fibers (TC fibers) are smaller in diameter (35-45 nm) than those of the lamellae and the matrix is stained intensely with lead citrate. The sheet-like structures as well as the lamellae are formed by fibroblasts located beneath the lamellae. The orientation of collagen fibers of the sheets and the lamellae seems to be controlled by the orientation of the ridges and invaginations of the surface of the fibroblasts. The fibrillary plate of C. auratus was found to be partially calcified. Calcification was initiated by the deposition of needle-like or flaky crystals of hydroxyapatite in the organic matrix of the sheet-like structure and proceeded into the TC fibers and the matric region of the lamellae. The potassium pyroantimonate-osmium tetroxide method showed a heavy concentration of calcium in the osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and in the matrix regions of the fibrillary plate. Calcium-containing precipitates were also present in the "hole zone" of the collagen fibers in the lamellae, but the significance of this location in calcification remains to be elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of the spatial and temporal expression of supernatant malate dehydrogenase in Barbus hybrids (Cypriniformes, Teleostei).

The tissue specificity and ontogeny of supernatant malate dehydrogenase (s-MDH) are reported for the tiger barb, cherry barb, and their reciprocal hybrids. The tissue distribution of s-MDH isozymes in Barbus is consistent with the patterns reported in other teleosts. The expression of the Mdh-B locus is correlated with the initial muscle contractions of the developing embryos. It is suggested that the state of muscle cell differentiation may be the stimulus necessary for the expression of this locus in Barbus. Expression of maternal and paternal alleles at the B locus are synchronously delayed in reciprocal hybrids, as compared to their expression intraspecifically.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Ontogenetic patterns of enzyme locus expression in Barbus hybrids (Cypriniformes, Teleostei).

The tissue specific patterns and ontogeny of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.1.1.14). lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH, EC 1.1.1.42) are reported for Barbus tetrazona (tiger barb), B. conchonius (rosy barb), B. nigrofasciatus (black ruby barb), B. titteya (cherry barb), B. sachsi (gold barb), and in interspecific hybrids where B. tetrazona is the maternal parent. The spatial and temporal expression of SDH, LDH and IDH isozymes in Barbus is consistent with those reported for other teleosts. As the genetic distance between the parentals used in forming the hybrid increases, allelic expression proceeds from synchronous to asynchronous, with an increasing delay in embryonic gene expression. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that parental sensor genes differ in their response to maternally controlled regulatory signals; indicative of species specific effector/activator RNA molecule concentrations and sensor/receptor gene induction thresholds.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Aberrant gene expression at the creatine kinase loci during Barbus hybrid development (Cypriniformes, Teleostei).

The tissue specificity and ontogeny of creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) are reported for tiger, rosy, ruby, cherry and gold barbs, and in interspecific hybrids where the tiger barb is the maternal parent. The spatial expression of CK isoenzymes in Barbus is consistent with the tissue patterns reported in other teleosts. In general, as the taxonomic (genetic) distance between the parental species increases, a corresponding delay in embryonic gene expression occurs; suggestive of species-specific effector molecule/sensor gene induction thresholds.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Asynchronous expression of the alcohol and supernatant malate dehydrogenase loci during Barbus hybrid development (Cypriniformes, Teleostei).

The tissue specificity and ontogeny of supernatant malate dehydrogenase (s-MDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) are reported for the tiger barb (Barbus tetrazona), the rosy barb (Barbus conchonius) and their reciprocal hybrids. The tissue distribution of s-MDH and ADH isozymes in both species is consistent with spatial profiles reported for other teleosts. The expression of alleles of paternal origin at the s-Mdh-B and Adh loci are delayed in reciprocal hybrids as compared to their expression intraspecifically; suggestive of a low degree of affinity between maternally derived regulatory factors and paternal regulative elements controlling structural gene activation.

Aging↗
PubMed2005

Molecular phylogeny of Sinocyclocheilus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences.

More than 10 species within the freshwater fish genus Sinoncyclocheilus adapt to caves and show different degrees of degeneration of eyes and pigmentation. Therefore, this genus can be useful for studying evolutionary developmental mechanisms, role of natural selection and adaptation in cave animals. To better understand these processes, it is indispensable to have background knowledge about phylogenetic relationships of surface and cave species within this genus. To investigate phylogenetic relationships among species within this genus, we determined nucleotide sequences of complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1140 bp) and partial ND4 gene (1032 bp) of 31 recognized ingroup species and one outgroup species Barbodes laticeps. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using maximum parsimony, Bayesian, and maximum likelihood analyses. Our phylogenetic results showed that all species except for two surface species S. jii and S. macrolepis clustered as five major monophyletic clades (I, II, III, IV, and V) with strong supports. S. jii was the most basal species in all analyses, but the position of S. macrolepis was not resolved. The cave species were polyphyletic and occurred in these five major clades. Our results indicate that adaptation to cave environments has occurred multiple times during the evolutionary history of Sinocyclocheilus. The branching orders among the clades I, II, III, and IV were not resolved, and this might be due to early rapid radiation in Sinocyclocheilus. All species distributed in Yunnan except for S. rhinocerous and S. hyalinus formed a strongly supported monophyletic group (clade V), probably reflecting their common origins. This result suggested that the diversification of Sinocyclocheilus in Yunnan may correlate with the uplifting of Yunnan Plateau.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2006

Phylogeny of finescale shiners of the genus Lythrurus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) inferred from four mitochondrial genes.

We infer the phylogenetic relationships of finescale shiners of the genus Lythrurus, a group of 11 species of freshwater minnows widely distributed in eastern North America, using DNA sequences from the ND2 (1047 bp), ATPase8 and 6 (823 bp), and ND3 (421 bp) mitochondrial protein-coding genes. The topologies resulting from maximum parsimony, Bayesian, and maximum likelihood tree building methods are broadly congruent, with two distinct clades within the genus: the L. umbratilis clade (L. umbratilis + L. lirus + (L. fasciolaris + (L. ardens, L. matutinus))) and the L. bellus clade (L. fumeus + L. snelsoni + (L. roseipinnis + (L. atrapiculus + (L. bellus, L. algenotus)))). Support is weak at the base of several clades, but strongly supported nodes differ significantly from prior investigations. In particular, our results confirm and extend earlier studies recovering two clades within Lythrurus corresponding to groups with largely "northern" and "southern" geographic distributions. Several species in this genus are listed in the United States as threatened or of special concern due to habitat degradation or limited geographic ranges. In this study, populations assigned to L. roseipinnis show significant genetic divergence suggesting that there is greater genetic diversity within this species than its current taxonomy reflects. A full accounting of the biodiversity of the genus awaits further study.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of osmotic stress on the chloride and mucous cells in the gill epithelium of the fresh-water teleost Barbus filamentosus (Cypriniformes, Pisces). A structural and histochemical study.

A histochemical analysis of mucous and chloride cells has been made in the gills of the fresh-water Teleost Barbus filamentosus after the acclimation to 8 0/00 sea-water. The number of the chloride cells at the basis of the respiratory leaflets in control fish is very few and increases markedly during the various times of adaptation. These cells along with a limited number of goblet cells located in the gill interfilamentar membrane which show properties of typically salt excretory glands after the same salt water treatment, are good visualized in the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme and Mg++-dependent ATPase enzyme preparations in addition to the reactivity found with the chloride test thus suggesting their role in the secretory transepithelial NaCl transport across the gill surface.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed2001

Classical and molecular cytogenetics of the zebrafish, Danio rerio (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes): an overview.

The zebrafish, Danio rerio, has recently become the model system for the genetic analysis of vertebrate development. This paper reviews the advances in zebrafish cytogenetics, obtained through classical and molecular techniques, which will lead to the assignment of specific linkage groups to specific chromosome pairs in the zebrafish genome project. Several chromosome pairs of the 50-chromosome karyotype of D. rerio were differentially stained by classical staining techniques and additional information has been obtained by molecular cytogenetics. Indeed, the analysis of constitutive heterochromatin by C-banding and base-specific fluorochrome staining had suggested a differential composition of peri- and paracentromeric constitutive heterochromatin. The chromosome mapping of distinct AT- and GC-rich zebrafish satellite DNAs by means of PRINS (Primed in situ) and multicolor FISH (Fluorescence in situ Hybridization) has confirmed this hypothesis, which therefore provided the chromosome localization of 10% of the zebrafish genome. The analysis of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) by silver staining and by FISH with 18S rDNA has also revealed the existence of variable and inactive NORs, in addition to those on the terminal regions of the long arms of the three NOR-bearing chromosome pairs. Other multicopy genes, such as minor ribosomal genes, or multicopy repeats, such as telomere specific sequences, have now been mapped on zebrafish chromosomes. The latest advancement in zebrafish molecular cytogenetics is the chromosome mapping of single locus genes. Single-copy genes from each of the 25 genetic linkage groups are now being mapped on zebrafish chromosomes by using PAC clones.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Scanning electron microscopic study of the structures associated with lips of an Indian hill stream fish Garra lamta (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes).

The surface architecture of the structures associated with the lips of a hill stream fish Garra lamta was examined by scanning electron microscopy. In this teleost, the lips are inconspicuous and associated with prominent horny jaw sheaths. Furthermore, the upper and lower lips are associated with a greatly enlarged rostral cap and an adhesive pad, respectively. The rostral cap has a proximal mucogenic region and a distal keratinized region. The adhesive pad is differentiated into central mucogenic and peripheral keratinized regions. At the mucogenic regions of the rostral cap and the adhesive pad, the surface of the epithelial cells is characterised by well developed microridges, which reflect their high secretory activity. The mucus may lubricate the surface and protect the epithelia from abrasions at these regions, which are likely to be subjected to wear and tear during frequent friction and adhesion of the fish to the substrate. Taste buds may help the fish to locate food and trigger a 'pick-up' reflex. The epithelial cells at the surface of the keratinized regions of the rostral cap and the adhesive pad are modified as clusters of spine like unculi, which may assist the fish in its firm anchorage to the substrate. The epithelial cells at the surface of the horny jaw sheaths are modified as polygonal unculi, each appears much like a tooth that has a characteristic sharp edge at the margin. These may be regarded as an adaptation to browsing or scraping food materials from the substrate.

Adaptation, Physiological↗