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PubMed2004

Autosomal differences between males and females in hybrid zones: a first report from Barbus barbus and Barbus meridionalis (Cyprinidae).

Narrow hybrid zones are generally subjected to the action of two forces: dispersal, which tends to homogenise the hybridising taxa, and selection against hybrids, which, in contrast, produces steep clines of introgression for diagnostic markers. Although differences between sexes in dispersal abilities or in susceptibility to hybrid counterselection are common in hybrid zones, autosomal genetic differences between males and females have never been reported to our knowledge. Barbus barbus and Barbus meridionalis (Cyprinidae) form a hybrid zone along the Lergue river. By carrying out a genetic analysis of males and females in six samples from two central stations of the hybrid zone using codominant markers (six allozymes and four microsatellite loci), we revealed significant multilocus and monolocus differences between the sexes. This could reflect a genetic difference among sexes within a same cohort, caused either by a survival (or fertility) differential among sexes or by a sex-specific pattern of dispersal. Alternatively, this may be due to genetic differentiation between cohorts, since male and female barbel exhibit different maturation, growth and survival patterns leading to different age distributions among sexes, and particularly among reproducers.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of Acrossocheilus paradoxus (Cyprinidae) in Taiwan.

Nucleotide sequences of 3' end of the cytochrome b gene, tRNA genes, D-loop control region, and the 5' end of the 12S rRNA of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were used to assess the genetic and phylogeographic structure of Acrossocheilus paradoxus populations, a Cyprinidae fish of Taiwan. A hierarchical examination of populations in 12 major streams from three geographical regions using an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicates high genetic differentiation both among populations (PhiST = 0.511, P < 0.001) and among regions (PhiCT = 0.368, P < 0.001). Limited migration largely contributed to the genetic differentiation. High nucleotide diversity (1.13%) and haplotype diversity (0.80%) were detected among populations. The degree of genetic differentiation was correlated with geographical distance between populations, a result consistent with the one-dimensional stepping stone models. A neighbour-joining tree recovered by (DAMBE) supports the pattern of isolation by distance and reveals a closer relationship between populations of the central and southern regions. A minimum spanning network based on nucleotide substitutions reflected migration routes from populations of the central region to the northern and southern regions, respectively. Postglacial colonization and expansion can explain the phylogeographical pattern. Single and ancient migration events may have allowed the northern region to attain the monophyly of mtDNA alleles. In contrast, most populations within geographical regions are either paraphyletic or polyphyletic due to the relatively shorter time period for coalescence. Both low haplotype number and genetic variability suggest a bottleneck event in the Chingmei population of northern Taiwan. Based on coalescence theory, the monophyly of the Tungkang population of the southern region may be associated with a founder event.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Study of communities of Monogenea Dactylogyridae parasites of the Cyprinidae in Lake Mikri Prespa (northern Greece). Description of 3 new species from an endemic Barbus: Barbus cyclolepis prespensis Karaman, 1924].

In this paper are described 17 species of Monogenea Dactylogyridae, parasites of Cyprinidae from lake Mikri Prespa, in Greece: 14 species have been already reported in mediterranean region; 3 new species have been harvested on an endemic Barbus, B. cyclolepis prespensis, Dactylogyrus balkanicus n. sp., Dactylogyrus crivellius n. sp., Dactylogyrus prespensis n. sp. For these communities of Dactylogyrus, we discuss some problems of parasite specificity, speciation and biogeography. From the morphological types, we suggest for D. crivellius and D. prespensis an allopatric speciation and for D. balkanicus, a synxenic sympatric speciation.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Pseudorascora parva (Teleostei, Cyprinidae), an invasive species, a new vector for the maintenance and dissemination of anguillicolosis in France?]].

Pseudorasbora parva (Pisces, Cyprinidae) is an invasive species from eastern Asia. Known in France since 1983, it has only been observed since 1993 in the Rhône delta where large populations occur. 203 specimens of that fish species have been examined for L3-larvae of Anguillicola crassus. 35% of the fish were found to be infected.

Anguilla↗
PubMed2002

[Thelohanellus bicornei n. sp. Myxosporidie (Myxosporea, Bivalvulida) a gill parasite of Labeo coubie Rüppel, 1832 (Osteichthyen, Cyprinidae) from Burkina Faso, West Africa].

Thelohanellus bicornei n. sp. (Myxosporea, Bivalvulida) is described from gill of Labeo coubie (Rüppel, 1832) (Osteichthyen, Cyprinidae) in Burkina Faso, West Africa. The cysts are small and their length is 150 to 350 microns. White, linked together they are rounded shape. The spores are ovoids with smooth valvar surface. Their posterior end is rounded and their anterior part shows two "horns like" expansions. Spores measured 13.5 +/- 0.56 (13-14) microns in length and 8.43 +/- 0.49 (8-9) microns in width. Horns length is 1 to 1.5 microns long. Polar capsule is piriform, it's length is 7.24 +/- 0.45 microns and the width 3.75 +/- 0.32 microns. The polar filament formed 10 turns.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Polymorphism of A, B and C loci of lactate dehydrogenase in european fish species of the Cyprinidae family.

In 24 fish species of the Cyprinidae family, belonging to 21 genera, isoenzyme patterns of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined, which could be classified in the majority of cases into 3 main groups. Isoenzyme patterns in natural hybrids of roach and rudd, roach and bream, roach and bleak were also analysed. In bitterling, polymorphism was observed in B locus of LDH. In white bream polymorphism exists in the A locus. In bream, rudd, silver carp and barbel polymorphism was found in C loci. Isoenzyme patterns indicate that in each case the polymorphism is genetically controlled by two alleles at a single locus. The populations investigated were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant differences were found in the activity of liver LDH in various polymorphic types of C loci of bream and rudd.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

Isolation and characterisation of mRNA encoding the salmon- and chicken-II type gonadotrophin-releasing hormones in the teleost fish Rutilus rutilus (Cyprinidae).

The complementary DNAs (cDNA) encoding the [Trp7,Leu8]-gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (salmon-type GnRH; sGnRH:GeneBank accession no. u60667) and the [His5,Trp7,Tyr8]-GnRH (chicken-II-type GnRH; cGnRH-II: GeneBank accession no. u60668) precursor in the roach (Rutilus rutilus) were isolated and sequenced following reverse transcription and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The sGnRH and cGnRH-II precursor cDNAs consisted of 439 and 628 bp, and included open reading frames of 282 and 255 bp respectively. The structures of the encoded peptides were the same as GnRHs previously identified in other vertebrates. The sGnRH and cGnRH-II precursor cDNAs, including the non-coding regions, had 88.6 and 79.9% identity respectively, to those identified in goldfish (Carassius auratus). However, significant similarity was not observed between the non-coding regions of the GnRH cDNAs of Cyprinidae and other fish. The presumed third exon, encoding partial sGnRH associated peptide (GAP) of roach, demonstrated significant nucleotide and amino acid similarity with the appropriate regions in the goldfish, but not with other species, and this may indicate functional differences of GAP between different families of fish. cGnRH-II precursor cDNAs from roach had relatively high nucleotide similarity across this GnRH variant. Cladistic analysis classified the sGnRH and cGnRH-II precursor cDNAs into three and two groups respectively. However, the divergence between nucleotide sequences within the sGnRH variant was greater than those encoding the cGnRH-II precursors. Consistent with the consensus developed from previous studies, Northern blot analysis demonstrated that expression of sGnRH and cGnRH-II was restricted to the olfactory bulbs and midbrain of roach respectively. This work forms the basis for further study on the mechanisms by which the tapeworm, Ligula intestinalis, interacts with the pituitary-gonadal axis of its fish host.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Comparative phylogeography of two bitterlings, Tanakia lanceolata and T. limbata (Teleostei, Cyprinidae), in Kyushu and adjacent districts of western Japan, based on mitochondrial DNA analysis.

To understand the geographical patterns of genetic variation in freshwater fishes in western Japan, the genetic structures of populations of Tanakia lanceolata and T. limbata (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in this area were investigated using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytb sequences. Neighbor-joining trees of mtDNA haplotypes revealed four and three genetically divergent groups in T. lanceolata and T. limbata, respectively. Each group was restricted to one or the other of the geographical regions in the area studied. The patterns of geographical divergence in the two species showed some similarities, which seem to reflect common historical events experienced by freshwater fishes distributed in western Japan. On the other hand, dissimilarities were also found in the patterns, indicating that species-specific historical processes also occurred. Within one region, T. lanceolata was less differentiated than T. limbata, suggesting a difference in the dispersal abilities of the two bitterlings. In addition, several individuals in Kunichika River on Shikoku island were morphologically identified as T. lanceolata but had mtDNA haplotypes of T. limbata. We tentatively suggest that these individuals are hybrids of the two species, but further studies employing nuclear markers are necessary to validate this hypothesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The beta-actin gene of two species of southern top mouth minnow (Pseudorasbora parva) and the common fat minnow (Rhynchocypris oxycephalus) from the family Cyprinidae.

The beta-actin genes of two species of southern top mouth minnow and the common fat minnow from the family Cyprinidae were amplified and characterized. The exon and intron boundaries of the beta-actin gene matched the consensus acceptor and donor sites according to the GT/AG rule. The amino acid sequence identity between the two species is 100.0% while there is a lower degree of homology with other species in the range of 98.7% to 100.0%. The expression of the beta-actin gene was confirmed in liver.

Actins↗
PubMed1975

[Triploidy in hybrids of carp with other representatives of the Cyprinidae family].

As a result of remote hybridization of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) with the representatives of certain other subfamilies of Cyprinidae a few viable F1 hybrids were obtained for the first time. These hybrids proved to be allotriploids. In the cross Cyprinus carpio L. female X Hemiculter eigenmanni (Jord. et Metz.) male the rate of survival of this year's brood was 0,5% of the fertilized eggs and 3n=128; whereas in the cross Cyprinus carpio L. male X Ctenopharyngodon idella (val.) female the rate of survival was 0,008%, while the chromosome number (3n) varied from 124 to 128. The chromosome number of non-viable E1 hybrids derived from this cross was intermediate (2n=76). The diploidization of the maternal chromosome set was spontaneous, since no stimulating agents were used to induce it. It is assumed by the authors that it is the tetraploid nature of carp that affords the possibility of the initiation of allotriploids.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Patterns of brain morphology in mid-European Cyprinidae (Pisces, Teleostei): a quantitative histological study.

The present study considers patterns of brain morphology in 14 common species of mid-European Cyprinidae. Sixteen areas per brain were measured on serial cryostat sections by computer-aided planimetry. The volumes of these areas were expressed as % of the total brain volume. These brain centres (ranked according to falling values of the coefficient of variation VR, of the interspecific mean) are: Lobus facialis, L. vagus, central acustic area, Crista cerebellaris, Bulbus olfactorius, Eminentia granularis, Stratum opticum (of the optic tectum), Torus longitudinalis, Nucleus habenularis, Valvula cerebelli, Corpus cerebelli, Telencephalon, Tectum opticum, Diencephalon, Torus semicircularis, mesencephalic tegmentum. Seven primary sensory areas are leading in VR; highest in interspecific variability were the two special viscerosensory brainstem lobes for external (L. facialis) and internal (L. vagus) taste. Low in interspecific variability were integration centres (see above). By plotting the relative volumina of those brain centres which represent three major sensory modalities: brain stem chemosense, acoustico-lateralis and sense of vision, species are separated into three groups: 1) Most species scatter along an axis from moderately (Aspius aspius, Rutilus rutilus, Leuciscus cephalus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Alburnus alburnus, Chondrostoma nasus) to highly developed chemo- and acustico-lateralis centres (Vimba vimba, Abramis brama, Abramis ballerus). Blicca bjoercna is situated in the middle of this axis. Within the latter group the optic centres are evenly well developed. 2) Carassius carassius, Gobio gobio and Tinca tinca are characterized by relatively small acoustico-lateralis and optic areas, but highly developed chemocentres. 3) Pelecus cultratus is monotypic among the species investigated by having large acoustico-lateralis and optic, but modestly developed chemocentres. The brain patterns relative to life style are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Anatomical and functional differences in the Adductor mandibulae muscle between Zaco platypus and Carassius gibelio langsdorfi of the Cyprinidae family.

A histological study has been made on the jaw-closing muscle, Adductor mandibulae, of 2 species of Cyprinidae, Zaco platypus and Carassius gibelio langsdorfi, which show completely different feeding behaviour. The former swims up to the food with its mouth open in rapid current, and the latter sucks food from the bottom into its mouth by enlargement of the buccal and opercular cavities in quite mild current. The latter's feeding behaviour was made repeatedly. The A. mandibulae was divided into its anterior and posterior parts in both fish. The anterior part in Z. platypus was divided into 2 portions, and that of C. gibelio langsdorfi into 3 portions. In each portion of the muscle of both fish, SDH activity in the muscle fibers decreased from the medial to the lateral side. Both fish had 3 types of the fibers on the basis of SDH activity, whereas the combinations of each fiber type were more complex in C. gibelio langsdorfi than in Z. platypus. Moreover, the ratio of fibers with higher SDH activities was larger in C. gibelio langsdorfi than in Z. platypus. And, differences in the number of capillaries per fiber in the same fiber type between the 2 fish suggest a complex adaptation of the jaw-closing muscle to the environmental circumstances of the fish.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Extracellular osmiophilic oval bodies in the vagal and facial lobes of Carassius auratus (Teleostei-Cyprinidae).

During the study of ultrathins sections of the vagal lobes and the facial lobe of Carassius auratus (Teleostei Cyprinidae), by electron microscopy, extracellular oval or discoidal, very osmiophilic structures were found in the neuropil of the lobes. The structures measured approximately 73 nm long 58 nm wide, and 29 nm thick and were located within the extracellular spaces surrounding some glial and neural processes; they were closely apposed to the external membrane of these cells, sometimes forming a pavement like pattern. These structures, as far as we know, have not been previously described and their function is unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The niche of the gill parasite Dactylogyrus banghami (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) on Notropis stramineus (Pisces: Cyprinidae).

Distribution of the monogenean Dactylogyrus banghami on the gills of the fish Notropis stramineus (Cyprinidae) was described by calculation of mean relative positions and Levins' niche breadths on the linear spatial resource gradients gill filament length and gill arch length. Thirty fish with 276 worms were examined; only 1 of the fish had an additional gill parasite species (Trichodina sp). Worms were more broadly and evenly distributed across the length of the gill arch than they were on the filament (breadths of 0.91 and 0.67, respectively). Mean worm positions were near the center of both resources: 54% of the distance from the arch cartilage on the filament, and 54% from the ventral end of the arch itself. The results are considered consistent with predictions about the niche structures of species in unsaturated noninteractive specialist communities.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Fine structure of the retina and pigment epithelium in the creek chub, Semotilus atromaculatus (Cyprinidae, Teleostei).

The structure of the light- and dark-adapted retina, the pigment epithelium and the choroid of the creek chub, Semotilus atromaculatus (Cyprinidae, Teleostei) is examined by light and electron microscopy. An extensive network of vitreal blood vessels emanating from the hyaloid artery enters the eye with the optic nerve and overlies the inner limiting membrane. This membrane closely apposes the fine protrusions of the Müller cell processes which traverse the entire retina, dividing the inner retina into alternating fascicles of ganglion cells and optic axons. The inner nuclear layer consists of bipolar, amacrine, Müller cell soma and two layers of horizontal cells. The outer plexiform layer possesses both rod spherules and cone pedicles. Each rod spherule consists of a single synaptic ribbon in either a triad or quadrad junctional arrangement within the invaginating terminal endings of the bipolar and horizontal cell processes. In contrast, cone pedicles possess multiple synaptic ribbons within their junctional complexes and, in the light-adapted state, the horizontal cell processes show spinule formation. Four photoreceptor types are identified on morphological criteria; unequal double cones, large single cones, small single cones and rods. All but the small single cones are capable of retinomotor responses. The rod to cone ratio is approximately 5:1 and the rods form two ill-defined rows in the light-adapted condition. The retinal pigment epithelium possesses two types of osmiophilic granules. These are bound within slender microvilli and migrate vitread to surround the photoreceptors in response to light. Bruch's membrane is trilaminar and the vascularised choroid consists of up to three layers of melanocytes. The endothelial borders of the choroidal blood vessels abutting the outer lamina of Bruch's membrane are fenestrated.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1996

Ultrastructure and organisation of the retina and pigment epithelium in the cutlips minnow, Exoglossum maxillingua (Cyprinidae, Teleostei).

The structure of the light- and dark-adapted retina, pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris of the cutlips minnow, Exoglossum maxillingua (Cyprinidae, Teleostei) is examined by light and electron microscopy. A pronounced vitreal vascularisation overlies the inner retina where the blood vessel walls, the inner limiting membrane and the Müller cell endfeet are all closely apposed. The thick Müller cell processes divide the inner plexiform layer and nerve fibre layer into discrete compartments. The ganglion cells do not form fascicles and lie within both the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers. The inner nuclear layer consists of amacrine, bipolar, Müller cell somata and two rows of horizontal cells. The photoreceptor terminals comprise either multiple (3-5 in cone pedicles) or single (rod spherules) synaptic ribbons. These photoreceptor terminals form either a triad (rods and cones) or a quadrad (cones) arrangement of contact with the invaginating processes of the inner nuclear layer cells. The horizontal cell processes of the cone photoreceptor terminals reveal spinule formation in the light-adapted condition. Five photoreceptor types are classified using morphological criteria; triple cones, unequal double cones, large single cones, small single cones and rods. The ratio of rods to cones is approximately 7:1. All photoreceptor types show retinomotor responses. Only the cones possess accessory outer segments but both rods (8-11) and cones (15-19) possess calycal processes. The retinal pigment epithelium displays retinomotor responses where pigment granules within fine apical processes move vitread to mask the rods in the light. The cells of the retinal pigment epithelium are joined by various types of junctions and contain numerous phagosomes, mitochondria and polysomes. Bruch's membrane or the complexus basalis is trilaminate with two types of collagen fibrils comprising the central layer. The endothelia of the blood vessels of the choriocapillaris, facing Bruch's membrane, are fenestrated. Two to three layers of melanocytes interspersed between large thin-walled capillaries and several layers of collagen fibrils comprise the choriocapillaris.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1996

[Study of the variability of Leuciscus soufia, cyprinidae fish, by analysis of enzyme polymorphism and meristic characteres].

An analysis of 30 presumptive enzyme loci and 7 meristic characters has been used to study different populations of the cyprinid Leuciscus (Telestes) soufia. This fish is considered autochthonous in south-eastern France, with 3 described sub-species. The estimates of gene diversity were similar to results from studies on Cyprinidae from North America. The sample from the upper reaches of the river Durance showed higher levels of gene diversity; heterozygosity and percentage of polymorphic loci than all other samples. Furthermore, the samples from the Durance, as a whole, seem to embrace a population with little or no subdivision. Six of the 7 measured meristic characters yielded no significant differences between samples. The population sample of the sub-species soufia from the river Var differs from the other samples only by allele frequencies, low level of heterozygosity and the number of gill rakers. It is argued that these characters are quite insufficient and may cast doubt as to the validity of the subspecies rank of this population.

Alleles↗
PubMed2003

Investigation of acute toxicity and the effect of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) herbicide on the behavior of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758; Pisces, Cyprinidae).

A 96-h LC(50) values of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], a common contaminating agricultural herbicide, were determined on the adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758; Pisces, Cyprinidae). The study was conducted in two stages using 130 carp. The data obtained were statistically evaluated by the use of the EPA computer program based on Finney's Probit Analysis Method and a 96-h LC(50) value for C. carpio L., 1758 was found to be 63.24 mg/l in a static bioassay test system. 95% lower and upper confidence limits for the LC(50) were 55.03 and 71.92 mg/l, respectively. Water temperature was 17+/-1 degrees C. Behavioral changes of the above mentioned species were examined for various herbicide concentrations.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗