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PubMed1979

Survey of Q-fever agglutinins in birds and small rodents in Northern California, 1975-76.

Serum samples from 15 species of rodents and 33 species of birds were tested for agglutinins against Coxiella burnetii by the microagglutination test. Of 759 rodents tested, 21 (3%) were seropositive. Antibody positive rodents included muskrats, Ondatra zebethica, (11%), Rattus spp. (10%), Beechey ground squirrels, Otospermophilus beecheyi, (6%), wood rats, Neotoma fuscipes, (5%), and Peromyscus spp. (2%). Of 583 birds tested, 118 (20%) were seropositive. This included white crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys, gold crowned sparrows, Z. atricapilla, and English sparrows, Passer domesticus, (68% in the composite); coots, Fulica americana, (29%); blackbirds, Euphagus cyanocephalus, (33%); crows, Corvus brachyrhyncos, (29%); robins, Turdus migratorius, (16%); pigeons, Columba fasciata, (10%); and mallard ducks, Anas platyrhynchos, (7%). There was a tendency for the seropositive animals to have been collected in the vicinity of endemically infected livestock.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1978

[Preliminary note on the circulation of some human respiratory viruses by wild birds].

With a view to detecting infections and carriage of human respiratory viruses in wild birds, 349 serum samples collected from 21 bird species -- sedentary ones and birds with large or limited migration areas -- were investigated. The following antigens were used: influenza virus A/Hong Kong 1/68 (H3N2)), A2 England 42/73 (H3N2), A2 Victoria 3/75 (H3N2), A/New Jersey 8/76 (HswN1), B/Hong Kong 5/72; parainfluenza virus type I Sendai and type II, coronavirus OC/43. An elevated incidence of antibodies to A2 Victoria 3/75 (H3N2) and parainfluenza type I virus was detected in herons (Ardea cinerea, Nyctycorax myctycorax). The high incidence of antibodies to B/Hong Kong 5/72 (30.7% of the samples exhibited significant titers) found in the crow (Corvus corone sardonius) is ascribed to the fact that this bird is carnivorus, feeding on corpses of mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Contamination of some avian species with viruses of the leukosis-sarcoma complex.

Contamination of 8 avian species with leukosis viruses was studied. An insignificant portion of sera from 4 and 24 months old chickens contained neutralizing antibody to 3 sero-types (A, B and D) of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). Sera from guinea-fowl reacted positively in the neutralization test only with the RSV-RAV-1 strain. None of the Peking duck and semi-domestic Maran fowl sera was found to contain antibody to RSV strains. Twenty-five and 6.6% of embryos derived from 7-8 and 24 to 30 months old chickens respectively, 30% of liver specimens from 3-4 months old chickens 3.3% of liver specimens from adult guinea-fowl and 72% of liver specimens from Maran fowl contained the group-specific leukosis complement-fixing antigen (gs-antigen). Duck embryos and livers from 24-30 months old chickens, crows, sparrows, rooks or jackdaws contained no gs-antigen. Duck embryos did not react and ducklings reacted poorly to inoculation with RSV whereas guinea-fowl embryos and chickens proved to be highly susceptible to RSV.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Correlative morphological and cytochemical observations on the nucleoli and nuclear bodies during avian oogenesis.

A correlative morphological and cytochemical study has been made of the nucleoli and nuclear bodies in the growing oocytes of the crow (Corvus splendens) and common myna (Acridotheres tristis). The nucleoli show morphological and cytochemical changes during oocyte growth, which are described in detail. In young oocytes at diplotene stage, two to six nucleoli, which are attached to condensed diplotene chromosomes, show RNA, lysine-rich histones and some non-histones, the proteins contain S-S and SH groups. In subsequent stages of oocyte growth, the cortex of nucleolus also develops arginine-rich histones whereas the medulla shows lysine-rich histones. The significance of both morphological and cytochemical changes of nucleoli has been discussed in relation to oocyte growth. Seven types of nuclear bodies are described. They are composed of proteins and carbohydrates. Their shape, size and structure vary during different stages of oocyte growth. Finally, their material is transported into the ooplasm.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Genetic structure of an isolated group of the indigenous population of northern Siberia, the Nganasans (Tavginians) of Taĭmir].

Demographic data of genetic interest were studied in presently living population in comparison with preseding generations of Nganasans. Decrease of sex ratio in the whole population has been revealed along with the reduction of reproductive and, possibly, effective size. The number and variance of livebirths per female were 7.29 and 9.86 respectively. Crow' index of the opportunity for selection (I) and its components (Im and If) were estimated. I was found to be 1.17, whereas Im and If--1.56 and 0.18 respectively. Linear pattern of settling in the past as well as the type of migration between adjoining subpopulations depended on culture and economy of arctic reindeer hunters as well as landscape character.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1979

Laryngotracheobronchitis--a continuing challenge in child health care.

Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) continues to occur in epidemics necessitating many hospital admissions. A short barking cough, stridor with a crowing sound on inspiration, and retractions of the intercostal respiratory muscles are hallmarks of the disease. LTB is most frequently a viral disease causing acute inflammation of the subglottic area, the trachea, and the segmental bronchus. Increasing subglottic edema and generalized fatigue of patients with this disease can cause progression of airway obstruction. Respiratory and cardiac arrest follow unless an immediate airway is established. The management of LTB is primarily medical and consists of moist air, sedation, close observation, and occasionally antibiotics. Patients with respiratory difficulties severe enough to require intubation should undergo direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy to rule out other causes of airway obstruction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

HLA antigens and schizophrenia.

We typed 45 schizophrenic patients for 35 HLA antigens and compared their frequencies with 1,263 population controls. No significant differences between schizophrenics and controls were found. When the schizophrenics were subtyped, a significant (P less than .05) excess of Aw26 was found among the hebephrenics, compared with the population controls. When the published literature on schizophrenia-HLA associations was surveyed, none of the reported associations were found to be consistent across studies. Some possible explanations for the heterogeneity among studies are discussed and it is concluded that an association between schizophrenia and any of the HLA antigens has not yet been demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Exercise and anxiety neurosis: comparison of patients with and without mitral valve prolapse.

It has been hypothesized that mitral valve prolapse may account for a substantial number of patients who have symptoms of chronic anxiety neurosis. In a previous investigation, this hypothesis was confirmed in eight of 21 patients who had anxiety neurosis. In the present investigation, we reevaluated the hypothesis that persons with anxiety neurosis have impaired exercise ability by exercising 20 of the anxiety neurotics according to a standard treadmill exercise protocol. Compared with the control group, the anxiety neurotics required less exercise to achieve an equivalent heart rate and therefore their estimated maximum oxygen consumption was less, thus confirming the hypothesis. However, this difference was due entirely to the anxiety neurotics with mitral valve prolapse, and those without prolapse did not differ significantly from the controls. This suggests that impaired exercise tolerance in anxiety neurotics may be attributable to a subgroup of these patients with mitral valve prolapse.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Schizophrenia: the nature of the psychological disturbance and its possible neurochemcial basis.

The diagnosis of schizophrenia is established principally by the presence of certain psychological symptoms which although subjective can be reliably assessed by standardized interviewing procedures. The most characteristic symptoms (Schneider's first-rank symptoms) fall into three groups: (a) auditory hallucinations of particular types, (b) 'ego-boundary disturbances', including intrusions into the stream of consciousness attributed to external agencies, and (c) delusional perception. Symptoms closely resembling those seen in schizophrenia can be induced in non-schizophrenic individuals by amphetamine-like drugs, and both these symptoms and those of schizophrenia are ameliorated by neuroleptic drugs (the major tranquillizers). Amphetamines facilitate and neuroleptic drugs diminish neural transmission mediated by the chemical substance dopamine. In recent post-mortem studies on patients who had suffered brom schizophrenia, it was found that dopamine release was not increased. However, in some cases there was evidence of increased sensitivity of the dopamine receptor.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1979

Blood levels of flupenthixol in patients with acute and chronic schizophrenia.

Plasma levels of flupenthixol were estimated by three methods in 30 patients with acute schizophrenia and 29 patients with chronic schizophrenia. These levels were related to clinical response, anterior pituitary hormone secretion, platelet monoamine oxidase activity, the effects of the concurrent administration of anticholinergic drugs, and body weight. No clearcut relationships between plasma flupenthixol levels and any of these variables were demonstrated. The practical clinical value of the estimation of plasma flupenthixol is limited at the present time.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

An immunofluorescent method using Crithidia luciliae to detect antibodies to double-stranded DNA.

The immunochemical specificity of the immunofluorescent Crithidia luciliae method for detection of antibodies to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was confirmed by demonstrating abolition of staining by DNase digestion and by absorption with dsDNA. This method was less sensitive than a Millipore filter method for detecting antibodies to DNA. It was positive only in subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus or drug-induced antinuclear factors. This technique appears suitable for study of the immunochemical characteristics fo antibodies to dsDNA.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of the thrombogenic potential of three types of arterial graft studied in an artificial circulation.

The thrombogenic potential of woven Dacron, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) and gluteraldehyde-treated human femoral artery (HFA) grafts was evaluated using an artificial circulation. The differences in the platelet parameters (platelet count, adhesion and aggregation) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) appearances before and after perfusion were used as indices of thrombogenicity. Platelet counts fell significantly with woven Dacron, moderately with HFA and no fall was observed with Gore-Tex. Platelet aggregation was unaffected by any graft, but platelet retention was significantly marked in woven dacron. SEM studies revealed minimal adherence of platelets to Gore-Tex and HFA endothelium, but marked adherences to woven Dacron, accompanied by morphological changes of the adhered platelets. In an artificial circulation, of the three types of arterial graft, woven Dacron has the greatest influence on platelet function, indicating significant thrombogenicity, whereas HFA is intermediate in its effect and Gore-Tex appears to have the lowest thrombogenic potential.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1978

Neonatal detection and evaluation of infantile polycystic disease by gray scale echography.

Infantile polycystic disease (IPCD) is an uncommon pathologic entity involving the kidneys and liver. Gray scale echography can detect this pathologic process within the kidneys, despite the presence of renal failure. In addition, the sonic study may detect associated hepatic abnormalities even though isotopic liver scan is normal. These capabilities make the ultrasonic examination uniquely suited for evaluating patients with IPCD.

Cysts↗
PubMed1979

Comparative pharmacokinetics of coumarin anticoagulants. XLII: Effect of phenobarbital on systemic availability of orally administered dicumarol in rats with ligated bile ducts.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the previously demonstrated inhibitory effect of phenobarbital treatment on the systemic availability of orally administered dicumarol in rats is related to the known effect of phenobarbital on bile output. It was found that phenobarbital had no apparent effect on the systemic availability of an aqueous dicumarol suspension in rats with ligated bile ducts. Compared to results obtained previously on normal rats, bile duct-ligated rats absorbed and eliminated dicumarol much more slowly and absorbed much less of the anticoagulant. On the other hand, the relative inductive effect of phenobarbital treatment on dicumarol elimination was similar in normal and in bile duct-ligated animals. The latter exhibited substantial serum transaminase elevations, indicative of liver damage presumably secondary to cholestasis. These results demonstrate that a drug-drug interaction can depend markedly on the pathophysiological status of the animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Quinacrine fluorescence of Merkel cells in Xenopus laevis.

It has been shown by electron microscopy that, in Xenopus laevis, Merkel cells are usually situated near the ducts of the skin glands. Cells which fluorescence in ultra-violet light after treatment of the skin with quinacrine can be identified with these Merkel cells by their position, shape and size. The method indicates the presence of purine nucleotides, probably ATP. This result is consistent with the view that "large opaque vesicles" are sites of ATP storage.

Animals↗