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PubMed1994

Demodex cricetuli: new species of hair follicle mite (Acari: Demodecidae) from the Armenian hamster, Cricetulus migratorius (Rodentia: Cricetidae).

Demodex cricetuli sp. nov. is described, in all life stages, from the Armenian hamster, Cricetulus migratorius. This demodecid inhabits the hair follicles of all body regions of the host. Heavy infestations are associated with dermatitis and alopecia. Demodex cricetuli is most similar to D. aurati, from the Golden hamster, but adults differ in podosomal length, shape of the opisthosomal terminus, genital opening and opisthosomal organ of the male, and overall length-to-width ratios.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparisons of sizes of pinealocyte nuclei and pinealocytes in young and adult Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus) under different photoperiod conditions.

Semiquantitative electron microscopic observations on pinealocytes of the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) were made to compare the sizes of pinealocyte nuclei and pinealocytes as a whole, their nuclei and cytoplasm together, over a 24-hr period, between young animals (60-70 days old) and adult animals (120-130 days old) under LD 12:12 and between adults under LD 12:12 and LD 14:10. Under LD 12:12, similar 24-hr rhythms exist in the nuclear area and the area of pinealocytes of young animals, whereas in adults these values exhibit no significant 24-hr rhythm. In adults under LD 14:10, there is no significant 24-hr rhythm in the nuclear area, but the area of pinealocytes shows a statistically significant 24-hr rhythm. Thus, in the Chinese hamster, the relationships between nuclear area and area of pinealocytes with time of day vary, depending on the age of animals as well as different photoperiodic conditions, although they differ only slightly.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Chromosomal imbalance in ovulated oocytes from Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus).

Chromosomes were studied in ovulated oocytes from Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) to assess the degree of chromosomal imbalance after first meiotic division of oogenesis. Only one hyperploid oocyte among 307 studied was detected in the former, and none in oocytes from the latter species. Structural chromosome alterations, single chromatids due to presegregation, and diploid chromosome sets resulting from meiotic blockage were not observed. The hormones which were used to stimulate ovulation apparently did not enhance first meiotic cleavage errors in these hamster oocytes. The low figures of chromosomal anomalies in hamster oocytes are compared to those from a large sample of mouse oocytes obtained from three different strains and prepared under identical conditions. The relevance of these findings to the obviously higher impact of chromosomal aneuploidy in man is discussed.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1998

Histological changes in the endometrial arterioles during postpartum offthe Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griceus).

The morphology of the uterine wall in the postpartum Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griceus) was studied with particular reference to the changes in the arterioles in the mesometrial endometrium. At day 0 postpartum, the endometrial arterioles were characterized by the appearance of trophoblastic giant cells plugging ruptured arterioles. On days 1 to 3 postpartum, the giant cells were replaced by epitheloid cells. On days 4 to 5 postpartum, the epitheloid cell mass was invaded by fibroblasts to occlude the arterial lumens. On days 6 to 7 postpartum, endometrial regeneration was completed. The giant cell might play a role in hemostasis immediately after parturition.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Molecular clonings and sequences of Djungarian (Phodopus sungorus) and Chinese (Cricetulus griseus) hamster interferon-gammas.

Djungarian (Phodopus sungorus) and Chinese (Cricetulus griseus) hamster IFN-gamma genes were cloned and sequenced. The Djungarian and Chinese hamster genes were both 525bp nucleotides, resulting in 174 amino acids in full length with a predicted molecular weight (MW) of 19,560 dal and 19,775 dal, respectively. The first 23 amino terminal amino acids consisted of a hydrophobic signal sequence when cleavaged, which would result in a mature 151 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted MW of 17,115 dal in the Djungarian hamster IFN-gamma and 17,255 dal in the Chinese hamster one.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Vaginal smear cycle in 4-day cyclic Chinese hamsters, Cricetulus griseus].

The contents of vaginal smear of 4-day cyclic Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) was investigated every 3 hours for 5 days. A light-dark cycle of 14--10 hr was used with the lights turned on at 6 : 00 a.m. Estrous cycle of the Chinese hamster determined by vaginal smears can be divided into 6 periods. The proestrous phase started at about 0 : 00 of day 1, the day of the proestrous phase was designated as day 1 of the estrous cycle. In the afternoon of the same day 1, nucleated epithelial cells gradually increased in number (proestrus : I), and the vaginal contents became to consist solely of nucleated epithelial cells at about 18 : 00 to 21 : 00 (estrus : II). At about 0 : 00 of day 2, however, nucleated epithelial cells were superseded suddenly by cornified epithelial cells, and this phase lasted for 9 to 12 hr (metestrus I : III). Towards the end of the cornified stage, nucleated cells appeared in short duration (metestrus II : IV). And then, in the evening of day 2, leucocytes gradually increased in number with degeneration of nucleated cells (diestrus I : V-1). On day 3, vaginal smear contained a large amount of mucus as well as degenerated nucleated cells and leucocytes (diestrus II : V-2). At about 21 : 000 of day 4, some cornified epithelial cells were seen and then proestrous stage was returned. The females were mated with 3 to 5 males in the evening of day 1, copulation was confirmed in 83.7% females in the next morning,thus the copulation in the Chinese hamster may be thought to occur during the vaginal smear stage of nucleated epithelial cells (estrous phase), i.e. about 18 : 00 to 24 : 00 of day 1.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Plasma progesterone concentrations during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and lactation in the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griceus.

From vaginal smear and histological observations, Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) exhibited four day estrous cycles and had a gestation period of 20 days. The concentrations of progesterone fluctuated in a biphasic pattern during the estrous cycle with peak values at diestrus and proestrus. The levels of the hormone increased approximately threefold from day five to day eight of gestation, remained elevated until parturition, and then fell precipitously during lactation to levels on day zero of gestation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Comparative observation on experimental infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in Cricetulus Migratorius and Meriones meridianus].

AIM: To search for an animal model with higher susceptibility to Echinococcus multilocularis and shorter experimental period. METHODS: Cricetulus migratorius, Meriones meridianus and NIH mice were experimentally infected with protoscolices of E. multilocularis and were autopsed at different times after their infection. The development of E. multilocularis in these three species of rodents was observed and compared. RESULTS: The average wet cyst weight and the ratio of cyst weight to body weight on the 91st day after infection were 15.0 +/- 2.1 g and 32.3% for C. migratorius, 3.3 +/- 1.1 g and 6.9% for M. meridianus, 0.6 +/- 0.6 g and 2.4% for NIH mice; and the corresponding figures on the 188th day after infection were 11.8 +/- 2.7 g and 21.7% for C. migratorius, 8.1 +/- 5.1 g and 15.4% for M. meridianus and 8.4 +/- 8.3 g and 26.7% for NIH mice, respectively. On the 91st day, matured protoscolices were found in C. migratorius and M. meridianus, whereas NIH mice had matured protoscolices on the 188th day after infection. CONCLUSION: C. migratorius has higher sensitivity to E. multilocularis infection than the other two species of animals as manifested by high infection rate, well-developed vesicles and rapid growth speed. C. migratorius proved to be an ideal experimental animal for E. multilocularis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Susceptibility of the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) to parasitic infection (3). Experimental infection with Hymenolepis nana or Trichuris muris to the cortisone treated Chinese hamster].

Susceptibility of Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) of Asahikawa Colony (CHA) to Hymenolepis nana or Trichuris muris infection was compared in the feces-egg examination with that of mice as the control animals. Though CHA were resistant to the infection of H. nana, they were found to become susceptible to H. nana by the treatment with cortisone. A half number of CHA was infected with H. nana and the eggs were detected from each animal only in 4 or 6 days in the periods of examination more than 40 days. Mice with or without cortisone treatment were equally susceptible to H. nana infection. In another experiment, CHA with or without cortisone treatment were completely resistant to Trichuris muris infection. Mice, as the control animals, were found to be infected with T. muris in both of cortisone-treated and non-treated groups. Results from the fecal examination, it was confirmed that T. muris were expelled naturally from the animals on the weeks of 11 to 33 after infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Susceptibility of the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) to parasitic infection. (2) Experimental infection with Schistosoma japonicum].

Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus Milne-Edwards: CHA colony) were experimentally infected with Schistosoma japonicum cercariae by the percutaneous route and intraperitoneal inoculation to confirm their susceptibility to the infection with this parasite in comparison with that of mice (DD). Chinese hamsters proved to be highly susceptible to percutaneous and intraperitoneal infection with S. japonicum. The eggs of S. japonicum were recognized in feces of all Chinese hamsters and mice from about 6 weeks after infection. The mortality within 50 weeks post-infection was lower in Chinese hamsters than in mice. Eight out of 18 Chinese hamsters survived more than 50 weeks post-infection, seven of these showed eggs in their feces beyond this period, whereas no fecal eggs was detected in the same period in the five mice which survived more than 50 weeks post-infection. Chinese hamsters seem to be equally susceptible as mice to S. japonicum infection and more tolerant than mice to the worm load.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Susceptibility of the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) to parasitic infections. (1). Experimental infection with Nematospiroides (Heligmosomoides) dubius to the cortisone-treated Chinese hamster].

Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus) were experimentally infected with Nematospiroides (Heligmosomoides) dubius. Though they were resistant to the infection of this parasite, they were found to become susceptible to it by the treatment with cortisone. The number of the worms in the intestine of the Chinese hamster and the number of the eggs oviposited by female worms were markedly affected by the doses of the cortisone. Egg oviposition of N. (H.) dubius ceased within 27 days post infection in the cortisone treated Chinese hamster, probably because of the expulsion of the worms. It was suggested that cortisone treatment controlled the infection of the Chinese hamster with N. (H.) dubius and the reproductive activity of this parasite.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Qualitative and quantitative electron-microscopic studies on the postnatal development of pinealocytes and sympathetic nerves in the pineal gland of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus].

Qualitative and quantitative electron-microscopic observations were made on pinealocytes and sympathetic nerves in the superficial pineal gland of Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus) at 10 to 40 days of age. Nuclear and cytoplasmic volumes of pinealocytes in hamsters at 10 days were smaller during the first half of the light period and larger during the first half of the dark period. At 20 to 40 days, however, there were 24-h variations in these values with their increase and decrease occurring during the first half of the light period and the first half of the dark period, respectively. Thus, the reversal of these rhythms occurred between 10 and 20 days. The 24-h rhythm in the amount of condensed chromatin appeared at 20 days. At 10 days, rodshaped synaptic ribbons (SRs) often appeared as SR fields composed of more than two long SRs. By contrast, rod-shaped SRs were shorter in length and usually occurred singly at 20 to 40 days. A determination of the quantity of SRs, expressed as SR index, revealed that the above mentioned morphological changes of rod-shaped SRs seen between 10 and 20 days were followed by a decrease in the quantity of rod-shaped SRs and an appearance of its 24-h rhythm. Round SRs first appeared at 20 days and increased in number thereafter. Ring-shaped SRs occurred at 20 days and, at the same time, their quantity showed a 24-h change. In the Chinese hamster, the change of the 24-h rhythms in the nuclear and cytoplasmic volumes of pinealocytes observed between 10 and 20 days and the appearance of the 24-h variations in the amount of condensed chromatin and the quantity of rod- and ring-shaped SRs in pinealocytes during these postnatal days may be related to the development of pineal sympathetic nerves.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

The mutagenic activity of aflatoxin B1 in the Cricetulus griseus hamster and Macaca mulatta monkey.

Chromosome aberrations were scored in bone marrow cells of Cricetulus griseus hamsters and Macaca mulatta monkeys given a single i.p. injection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The mutagenic activity of AFB1 was assessed by the percentage of cells bearing aberrations and by the total frequency of chromosome and chromatid breaks. Chinese hamsters were treated with five different doses of AFB1 ranging from 1 microgram to 5 mg/kg (LD50/30 = 12.2 mg/kg) and the aberration yields at each AFB1 dose level tested were determined at 24 h intervals for 5 consecutive days. Compared to controls the increase in the two types of chromosome abnormalities was significant in all tests. At 5 mg/kg of AFB1 the tests were carried out over a period of 92 days to assure the analysis of aberration yields with time. All chromosome aberration assays conducted during this period showed significant increases in the frequencies of aberrant cells and chromosome and chromatid breaks in comparison to controls. Macaque monkeys were treated in the same fashion using 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg of AFB1 and the dynamics of chromosome aberration yields was analyzed for a period of 730 days. Similarly as in the case of Chinese hamsters the percentage of cells with aberrations and the frequency of chromosome and chromatid breaks were always higher in this period than the control value. Long-term aberration yield data obtained experimentally were expressed in the form of analytical curves which allowed to establish the time when the yields of aberrant cells reached their maxima and when they returned to the control level. In both animal species tested the courses of analytical curves had a similar dynamics. Factors that might be responsible for a long-term persistence and relatively great fluctuations of the chromosome aberration yields encountered after a single injection of AFB1 are discussed in detail.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1979

Stages in the prenatal development of the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus).

A system of staging embryos is described for the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus). This system of staging, based on Streeter's developmental horizons in human embryos, comprises three sets of criteria: 1) data on postconceptional age, size and number of somites, 2) external characteristics and 3) internal characteristics. A comparison has been made with data in mouse (Theiler, 1972) as well as in primates. It seems that the order of organogenesis, i.e. the sequence in which individual organs are formed, is basically similar in all mammals stuied so far.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Culture of pre-implantation Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) embryos in vitro.

Pre-implantation embryos from Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus) were cultivated under completely defined conditions. The embryos were placed in drops of chemically defined medium under liquid paraffin and cultured in an atmosphere of 10% CO2 in air. By this method, development will proceed in vitro from the two-cell stage up to the blastula within 72 h. It is possible to stop the cultivation at different stages of development, to fix the embryos and analyse the chromosomes. The method described in detail seems to be appropriate for examination of the induction of genetic defects during the first days of embryogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Demodex sinocricetuli: new species of hair follicle mite (Acari:Demodecidae) from the Chinese form of the striped hamster, Cricetulus barabensis (Rodentia:Muridae).

Demodex sinocricetuli sp. nov. is described in all its life stages from the Chinese form of the striped hamster, Cricetulus barabensis. A large sample size of > 11,500 mites (96% adults and only 4% ova and immatures) was surveyed. The cause of the apparent reproductive stasis is not known. Limited data sets from other demodecid species reveal populations that are 42-82% adult.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Studies on sex chromosomes of four hamster species: Cricetus cricetus, Cricetulus griseus, Mesocricetus auratus, and Phodopus sungorus.

In this paper, we present an analysis of the sex chromosomes of four hamster species after application of different staining techniques. The mitotic X chromosomes show a striking similarity in G-banding pattern but rather great differences in their C-banding patterns. A presumably homologous euchromatic segment that exhibits two distinct G-bands appears in the X chromosome of each species. The Y chromosome of Cricetus cricetus is in contrast to those of the other species, because it reveals a relatively well-differentiated G- and C-banding pattern. In meiotic metaphase I, interstitial chiasmata can be found in the sex bivalents of Cricetus cricetus and Cricetulus griseus, whereas the gonosomes of Mesocricetus auratus and Phodopus sungorus sungorus are terminally associated. The regions that are involved in pairing or association are always heterochromatic.

Animals↗