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Results for “Contraceptive Usage”

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PubMed2005

Contraception usage over the age of 40 in Polish female population aged 45 - 54.

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of particular contraception method usage over the age of 40 as declared by Polish women aged 45-54 according to their education level and place of residence. METHOD: The research was conducted with help of a standardized questionnaire in a Polish nationwide representative sample of women aged 45-54 years (n = 1083) in April 2004. RESULTS: 28% of sexually active women over 40 years old did not use any contraception methods. Most of them were country dwellers (41%), a lower proportion lived in small/moderate towns (27%), and a significantly lower percentage was made by big city dwellers (14%). Among the most popular contraception methods the respondents indicated coitus interruptus (32%), condoms (30%) and the calendar method (26%). Oral contraception was used by 12% of women. CONCLUSION: A considerable percentage of sexually active women aged more than 40 years do not use any contraception method at all or use unreliable methods. Highly reliable methods (condoms, contraception pills) are much more popular among city dwellers. Contraception pills are used by twice as many city dwellers as rural dwellers (16% versus 8%) and by 12% of women from small/moderate towns. Rates of condom usage are also differentiated and vary from 42% in big cities to 26-27% in rural areas and small/moderate towns. Although poor availability of the contraception pill might explain some differences in its usage, it is difficult to quote this factor in the case of condoms.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Survival in breast cancer and age at start of oral contraceptive usage.

In general, findings in studies on oral contraceptives (OCs) and breast cancer have not indicated prognosis to be worse among users of OCs. In few studies, however, has age at the start of OC usage been considered as a prognostic factor. In the present study, prognosis in breast cancer is compared with OC usage, particularly with age at the start of OC usage, among 193 consecutive patients at the Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Lund. An earlier series of 193 breast cancer patients at Malmö General Hospital is included for comparisons. In the Lund series, five-year survival was 62% among women who started to use OCs before the age of 20.78% among those who started to use OCs between the ages of 20 and 25, and 86% among non-users and those who started to use OCs after the age of 25 (p = 0.009, test for homogeneity). Although age was found to be a prognostic factor in the Lund series (RR = 0.90, p = 0.001), this was not so in the earlier (older) Malmö series. The relationship with age differed significantly between the two series (p = 0.003), suggesting the apparent effect of age at diagnosis to be a cohort effect due to the introduction of OCs during the 'sixties. The age-specific relationship between survival and OC usage would seem to indicate the presence of a biological mechanism in which OCs may participate during precancerous and early stages of breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Family history, oral contraceptive usage, and breast cancer.

When breast cancer patients were grouped according to their family history of breast cancer striking differences were found in age distribution. Thus, the proportion of cases less than 45 years of age was grandmother greater than aunt greater than mother greater than FH-negative greater than sister. A similar FH-related sequence was observed in regard to current OC usage among breast cancer patients less than 45 years of age. It also appeared that current oral contraceptive (OC) usage increased the risk of invasive breast cancer among grandmother- or aunt-positive women while decreasing the risk among FH-negative women. There are important practical and conceptual reasons for further studies of the influence of interactions between age, OC usage and family history on the stepwise development of breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Have the AIDS campaigns changed the pattern of contraceptive usage among adolescents?

In 1984--just before the extensive public information about prevention of HIV infection by the use of the condom (the AIDS campaigns)--personal interviews about sexual experiences and use of contraception were obtained in random samples of 16-20 year old Danes. The investigation was repeated in 1989 addressing the issue of whether the behavior of adolescents regarding sexual intercourse and use of contraception has changed. In 1984 in all 286 females (respondent rate = 75.3%) and 336 males (respondent rate = 77.8%) agreed to be interviewed. The second investigation in 1989 involved new cohorts of 16-20 year olds and here 359 females (respondent rate = 77.9%) and 400 males (respondent rate = 76.3%) participated. In 1984 approximately 20% and in 1989 approximately 10% reported no use of contraception at first sexual intercourse. In both investigations oral contraception (OC) and condom were by far the predominant methods mentioned. In 1984 38.1% of females and 34.4% of males used OC and 37.2% of females and 42.1% of males employed condom. In 1989 26.7% of females and 30.8% of males used OC and 64.8% of females and 62.1% of males employed condom. No sex difference in the distribution of the various contraceptive methods could be revealed. From 1984 to 1989 the prevalence of condom increased significantly. In the first investigation 15.9% of sexually experienced females reported no present use of contraception. The most frequently used device was OC (62.7%). The second investigation collected information about contraception employed at the most recent sexual intercourse from both females and males. Approximately 5% of both sexes mentioned no use of contraception.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

Effect of oral contraceptive usage on zinc and copper in serum and hair.

Zinc and copper concentration in serum and hair were determined in 12 women before the initiation of oral contraceptive therapy and after a period of 3 months and 6 months. A significant elevation in serum copper occured after the usage of oral contraceptive for 3 months. The taking of oral contraceptive agent (OCA) for a subsequent 3 month period caused no further significant increase in serum copper concentration. No significant effect of OCA on serum zinc and on hair concentration of these trace elements was noted. Further study is indicated to establish the significance of these on overall metabolism and on clinical consequences.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Mild unilateral proteinuria and renal vein thrombosis associated with oral contraceptive usage.

A previously healthy 15-yr-old female taking oral contraceptives presented with acute, isolated, unilateral renal vein thrombosis as documented by arteriography and venography. Mild proteinuria (760 mg/24 hr) was localized solely to the thrombosed kidney by selective ureteral collections. The case illustrates an oral contraceptive associated renal vein thrombosis in the absence of either inferior vena cava thrombosis, bilateral proteinuria, or the nephrotic syndrome. This patient's proteinuria and clinical course suggest that nephrotic syndrome is a cause of renal vein thrombosis rather than an effect of renal vein thrombosis. The finding of localized, unilateral proteinuria is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Low-dose oral contraceptive usage and coagulation.

A prospective investigation was initiated to assess the effect of a low-dose oral contraceptive containing 35 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol and 0.4 mg of norethindrone on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Twenty-four women were studied before, during, and after one year of treatment. Positive results included an accelerated activated partial thromboplastin time and an increase in fibrinolytic and anticoagulation factors as measured by alpha 1-antitrypsin antigen and plasminogen antigen and activity. Antithrombin III antigen was decreased but its activity was unaffected. There was no evidence of ongoing intravascular coagulation. No patient had a detectable thromboembolic event. In short, one year's usage of this low-dose oral contraceptive was not associated with a procoagulant hematologic profile.

Antigens↗
PubMed1983

Lack of association between contraceptive usage and congenital malformations in offspring.

Previous reports have linked the use of oral contraceptives and spermicides to the occurrence of malformations in offspring. With information from 12,440 women interviewed during the delivery hospitalization, we found no relationship between contraceptive method and the occurrence of malformations. Whereas any unnecessary drug should be avoided during pregnancy, prior contraceptive method seems to be unrelated to the risk of congenital malformations.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1982

Multiple pregnancy and fetal abnormalities in association with oral contraceptive usage.

1,000 multiple births were examined in relation to maternal exposure to an oral contraceptive before conception. There was a significantly higher rate of monozygotic twinning among pregnancies which took place within 6 months of cessation of the contraceptive. In the monozygotic group there was a significant increase in the incidence of congenital abnormalities (P less than 0.01) when conception occurred within 3 months of cessation of the contraceptive.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗