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Adolescent contraception. Review and recommendations.

In the light of the increase in teenage sexual activity over the past decade, the authors review current social, psychological, and educational attitudes. Together with a summary of the legal ramifications, they provide recommendations for treatment of this patient group.

Adolescent↗

Use of oral contraceptives in women with cystic fibrosis.

Oral contraceptive pills (OCP) represent the most common contraceptive method among teenagers and young adults. Because many women with cystic fibrosis (CF) are now surviving into childbearing age and are at risk for the complications of pregnancy in CF, oral contraceptive use may be indicated. However, it has been suggested that OCP use by CF patients may be associated with deterioration in pulmonary function. Ten adolescent and young adult women with CF and moderate-to-severe obstructive lung disease were studied while taking a combination oral contraceptive pill (Ovral 28). No significant deterioration was found in clinical status or pulmonary function. Careful follow-up should nevertheless be continued to monitor for other adverse effects of oral contraceptive use in CF, such as cholelithiasis.

Adolescent↗

Sickle cell diseases and hormonal contraception.

The available data on the use of oral contraceptive agents in patients with sickle cell diseases is reviewed. The attitude which considers sickle cell anemia to be a contra-indication to OC's cannot be supported on the basis of available evidence. On the contrary, there are a number of reports where favorable effects of steroids on 'sickling' have been described. It is concluded that modern low-dose combined OC's are the method of choice for contraception in all patients carrying the HbS gene.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗

Lipid metabolic studies in women with a polycystic ovary syndrome during treatment with a low-dose desogestrel-ethinylestradiol combination.

Twenty women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) were treated with a combination of desogestrel and ethinylestradiol (EE) and the effects on lipids and lipoproteins were compared with those induced in a group of 13 regularly menstruating, healthy women. All women were examined before and after 3 months of treatment. Compared with the regularly menstruating women, the PCO women had significantly higher body weights and blood pressure as well as elevated levels of triglycerides in serum and VLDL. During treatment, 14 out of 20 women affected by PCO lost weight. No significant change in blood pressure was observed. In the PCO group, moderate increments were encountered in serum cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides. No significant changes were seen in LDL-cholesterol or HDL-cholesterol. The ratio LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol did not alter. The level of total cholesterol in VLDL rose during treatment. These changes in serum and lipoprotein lipids in PCO patients were of the same type and magnitude as those found in the control group, apart from an increase in HDL-cholesterol in the latter. The only remaining difference after treatment was a slightly higher level of VLDL triglycerides in the PCO women. Thus only moderate changes were induced in lipid and lipoprotein patterns by the combination of desogestrel and EE. A "positive" influence on lipids and lipoproteins cannot be considered as a further advantage, added to the list of indications when hormonal treatment is used in PCO-affected women. The clinical implications of elevated triglycerides remain to be clarified.

Adult↗

Medical aspects of contraception.

It is evident that choice of contraceptive has important medical implications, whether a mechanical or a hormonal method is elected. Each technology has unique benefits and risks, constraints, applicability, and inconvenience. Wise advice in a medical context must be based on thorough familiarity with the options available to each woman.

Adult↗