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PubMedDate not supplied

Zygomycosis due to Conidiobolus coronatus in west Bengal.

Zygomycosis of upper respiratory tract, caused by Conidiobolus coronatus, in eight Bengalee males and one female is described. The clinical syndrome of the cases included initial coryza, epistaxis, intranasal tumor, nasal obstruction, broadening of bridge of nose with swelling of paranasal sinuses, dorsum of nose, alae nasi, cheek and glabella in all or majority of the cases. In addition upper lip or both lips and pharynx were involved in some cases. Swellings were fixed to the skin in seven cases and to the deeper tissues in five cases. The fungus was demonstrated by direct microscopy in the nasal mucosa, and was isolated in culture. The isolates produced conidia, replicative conidia and villose conidia but not multiplicative conidia. The disease was cured with KI and/or ketoconazole/fluconazole. The cases described here constitute the first report on zygomycosis due to C. coronatus from North-eastern India.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Influence of free fatty acids on growth, sporulation and virulence of the parasitic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus].

Five free fatty acids (FFA): C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 were introduced into culture media in order to investigate differential development of pathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus as a function of FFA concentration. All tested FFA showed fungistatic action inhibiting hyphae growth and sporulation. Fungal colonies grown in the presence of FFA showed decreased virulence.

Conidiobolus↗
PubMed1992

Entomophthoromycosis due to Conidiobolus.

Entomophthoromycosis due to Conidiobolus coronatus is a granulomatous infection characterized by lesions that originate in the inferior turbinate, spread through ostia and foramina to involve the facial and subcutaneous tissues and paranasal sinuses. The majority of the cases have been described from areas of tropical rainforest in West Africa, agricultural and outdoor workers (aged 20-60 years) being the ones most frequently affected. The fungus is common in soil and decaying vegetation. Infection probably occurs by implantation of the spores of the fungus in nasal mucosa. C. incongruus is a rare agent of the disease, so far known only from two cases with lesions involving the pericardium, mediastinum, lungs, liver, oesophagus and jejunum. C. coronatus is known to cause a clinically similar disease in horses, mules, a dolphin and a chimpanzee. A characteristic histological feature is the presence of thin-walled, broad, often septate hyphae or hyphal fragments with a thick eosinophilic sheath, frequently phagocytosed within giant cells. The fungus is known to produce in vitro several enzymes, e.g., elastase, esterase, collagenase and lipase, which have a possible role in pathogenicity. A concentrated brain heart infusion culture filtrate antigen is useful for immunodiagnosis. Several drugs e.g., potassium iodide, cotrimoxazole, amphotericin B, ketoconazole and itraconazole have been tried with varying success. Investigations on the immunology of disease and the role of proteases and lipases in the pathogenesis of infection is an important area of further research.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Rhinofacial zygomycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus. A case report.

A case of rhinofacial zygomycosis with of years duration, caused by Conidiobolus coronatus is described. The patient, a 72-years-old woman, presented with a bilateral distortion of the subcutaneous tissue and disfigurement of the face. Treatment with ketoconazole and potassium iodide did not prevent several relapses. At present she is still under treatment with fluconazole with clinical healing. Histopathological and mycological examination confirmed the dermatological diagnosis. An increasing number of cases of zygomycosis caused by fungi of the order Entomophthorales have also been reported in the Northern and Northeastern States of Brazil.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Entomophthoromycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus: clinicomycological study of a case.

A case of midfacial swelling in a middle aged woman proved to be caused by a fungus Conidiobolus coronatus has been reported. It is a very rare condition and the knowledge of this fungus affecting the rhinofacial region in human started since 1965 only. These cases pose diagnostic problem. The treatment with the combination of ketoconazole and the saturated solution of potassium iodide was effective for this fungal infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

(all trans)-2,4,6,8,10,12-tetradecahexene-1,14-dial, a new pigment from Conidiobolus paulus.

A study of the coloring matter produced by Conidiobolus paulus Drechsler NRRL 2648 on potato-dextrose medium led to the isolation of a new dialdehyde unsaturated metabolite, (all trans)-2,4,6,8,10,12-tetradeca-1,14-hexenedial. The structure was characterized by MS and by 1H- and 13C-NMR. The compound inhibited the growth of the Gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus cereus, and the Gram-negative bacterium, Escherichia coli (MIC values of 10 micrograms and 50 micrograms, respectively).

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1992

Fatal disseminated Conidiobolus coronatus infection in a renal transplant patient.

A case of fatal disseminated fungal infection due to Conidiobolus coronatus in a patient with a renal transplant is described. This organism, known to cause localized infections in otherwise healthy individuals in the tropics, is now recognized as a cause of fatal infection in immunosuppressed hosts. Histologically, localized infections are characterized by lack of vessel invasion and the presence of an eosinophilic sleeve around fungal elements, called the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. The histologic findings in the present case were more typical of mucormycosis, and the correct diagnosis was established only after the organism was isolated and identified in culture.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed1992

Evidence for controlled autoproteolysis of alkaline protease. A mechanism for physiological regulation of conidial discharge in Conidiobolus coronatus.

The alkaline serine protease of Conidiobolus coronatus was shown to be involved in its conidial discharge [Phadatare, S., Srinivasan, M. C., Deshpande, M. (1989) Arch. Microbiol. 153, 47-49]. To understand the regulation of conidial discharge, the mechanism of control of protease activity was investigated, which revealed the presence of two electrophoretically separable intracellular proteases (protease I and protease II). The formation of smaller and less-active protease II coincided with the decrease in conidial discharge. In order to trace the origin of protease II, the corresponding purified extracellular enzymes were compared with respect to their biochemical, physiochemical and immunological properties. The biochemical properties, such as optimum pH and temperature, stability, sensitivity to metal ions and substrate specificity were closely similar for both proteases. Amino acid analysis revealed that protease II is completely similar to protease I, though protease I contains an additional portion which is not contained in protease II. Western-blot ELISA, immunotitration and determination of antigenic valencies also revealed the structural similarity between the two proteases. Purified protease I showed partial degradation to protease II in vitro, the process being sensitive to phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, indicating its proteolytic nature. These results suggest that the formation of a less-active protease by autoproteolysis represents a novel means of physiological regulation of protease activity, which in turn regulates the conidial discharge in C. coronatus.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1992

Ovine nasal zygomycosis caused by Conidiobolus incongruus.

About 700 sheep died on 52 farms in north-western New South Wales and south-western Queensland over a 3 mo period. Affected animals had a marked asymmetrical swelling of the face, extending from the nostril to just anterior to the eyes. They lost condition rapidly and died within 7 to 10 days. At necropsy there was a unilateral severe necrogranulomatous rhinitis with extension of inflammation into the adjacent subcutaneous tissue, nasal septum and hard palate. Metastatic lesions were present in the draining lymph nodes and in the thorax. Histological changes consisted of a granulomatous reaction with numerous eosinophilic foci of necrosis and a diffuse, heavy, mixed inflammatory cell response. Many vessels had segmental necrosis and thrombosis. Fungal hyphae were numerous, particularly within or associated with necrotic foci. Conidiobolus incongruus was isolated from nasal tissues, parotid and submandibular lymph nodes and pulmonary lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Rhinocerebral and nasal zygomycosis in sheep caused by Conidiobolus incongruus.

The clinical findings, pathology and mycology of a cluster of 5 ovine cases of rhinocerebral and nasal zygomycosis caused by Conidiobolus incongruus are described. All cases were in Border Leicester or Merino x Border Leicester ewes from a flock pastured in a low-lying paddock adjoining a small tidal river in subtropical Queensland (latitude 28 degrees S). These cases of zygomycosis are believed to be the first infections due to C incongruus recorded in animals other than humans. The disease was subacute in 4 animals with a course of up to several weeks. In these, the primary site of infection was the posterior nasal cavity. The lesions extended to the dorsum of the face between the eyes, to the orbital cavity and to the anterior brain and meninges in the cranial cavity. In one animal, where the anterior nasal cavity was affected and iodine treatment used, the course was longer. The fungal granulomas had numerous foreign body giant cells, neutrophils and eosinophils. Fungal hyphae were thin walled, 6 to 8 microns in diameter, with occasional septa and irregular branching. They were cuffed with a wide zone of necrotic cell coagulum, or with homogeneous eosinophilic Splendore-Hoeppli granules.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Lipase activity of Basidiobolus and Conidiobolus species.

Two isolates of Basidiobolus namely, B. haptosporus (ATCC 36600) and B. ranarum (MHB1), and one isolate of Conidiobolus coronatus (C1) were grown in modified Sierra medium for twelve days. Periodic measurements of their lipase activity showed significant activity of the enzyme from the fourth day with a steady increase up to the twelfth day of incubation. The lipases produced by the three isolates were stable over a wide range of pH (4-8) and temperature (30-60 degrees C). Maximum lipase activity for B. haptosporus and C. coronatus was at pH 5.0 and that for B. ranarum was at pH 6.0. The three fungi exhibited a peak of activity at the same temperature, i.e. 35 degrees C.

Fungi↗
PubMed1979

Chitin-binding hemagglutinin produced by Conidiobolus strains.

A hemagglutinin was produced by strains of Conidiobolus which also produce beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Activity of the hemagglutinin was inhibited by D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-mannosamine, and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminides but not by D-glucose, D-mannose, and alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminides.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1988

Visualization of exocellular lectins in the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus obscurus.

We demonstrated the presence of lectins binding to glucose and N-acetylglucosamine on the surface of Conidiobolus obscurus spores by using glycosylated serum albumins substituted with fluorescent dyes and colloidal gold. The role of these exocellular lectins was examined in relation to the adhesion of the fungal spores to their host insect and the pathogenicity of the fungus.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1987

Rhinofacial zygomycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus: a case report including in vitro sensitivity to antimycotic agents.

A case of zygomycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus, occurring in a 31-year-old priest from the Ivory Coast, is reported. Lesions eventually resolved after 2 1/2 years, during which the patient was variously treated with intravenous amphotericin B and miconazole as well as surgical resection. It is difficult to be certain which, if any, of these treatments contributed to resolution of lesions. A report of in vitro sensitivity data to a variety of antifungal agents is included.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Disseminated Conidiobolus infection with endocarditis in a cocaine abuser.

A crack cocaine abuser developed disseminated infection caused by a species of Conidiobolus not known to cause disease in vertebrates. The fungus gained entry via skin abrasions on the lower extremities, spread through the hematogenous route, and caused endocarditis. There was evidence of fungal infection in the lungs, heart, kidneys, skeletal muscles, and brain. An additional complication was extensive rhabdomyolysis, with a marked elevation of creatine kinase of up to 1.2 million U/L.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A case of entomophthoromycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus].

The authors report a case of entomophthoromicosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus, a saprophytic fungus that belongs to the class Zygomycetes (Phycomycetes in the past). Our patient was from a rural area. The paranasal sinuses had been drained surgically and a polyp was removed from his nasal cavity. He had a deformity in the face and nasal obstruction. His general condition and immunological status were normal except for epistaxis since childhood. The diagnosis was made clinically by the appearance of the lesion and confirmed by the mycological and histopathological findings. The therapeutic response was slow but with total resolution of the lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Conidiobolus coronatus infection treated with ketoconazole.

We describe a case of subcutaneous zygomycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus of six years' duration. Following treatment failure using potassium iodide, the patient responded with ketoconazole therapy. She remained well three years following therapy. Brazilian cases of subcutaneous infections caused by C coronatus and Basidiobolus ranarum are reviewed.

Adult↗