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PubMed1986

The Physician Data Query (PDQ) cancer information system.

PDQ is an online database that provides information about the prognosis and treatment of all major types of cancer. It represents a major effort by the NCI to communicate advances in cancer treatment using computer technology, and serves as a major component of the Institute's program to reduce cancer mortality nationwide. PDQ utilizes a modern large-scale computer to provide processing speed, a general purpose database management system to provide retrieval and display functions, and commercial telecommunication networks to provide online access to up-to-date information on cancer treatment. A series of user-friendly menus allow searching, browsing, and displaying without having to learn a specialized search language. PDQ is accessible through the National Library of Medicine's computer system via a computer terminal or personal computer and is available to the medical community at over 2000 medical libraries and centers and through individual access codes. PDQ is also available as an online database under a special license agreement with NCI through two medical information systems produced by commercial database vendors: BRS/Saunders' COLLEAGUE and Mead Data Central's MEDIS.

Drugs, Investigational↗
PubMed1990

PaperChase: a user-friendly program for searching the biomedical literature.

PaperChase is a computer program which provides an efficient interface to the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE database of references to the biomedical literature. The database includes references (citations) and abstracts compiled from Index Medicus, the International Nursing Index and the Index to Dental Literature. PaperChase may be accessed using any computer terminal or personal computer with modem. No special knowledge of computers or biomedical terms is necessary. Simple menus enable the novice to search the biomedical literature without training. A command language speeds searching for the experienced user. PaperChase does not require the user to know the database's indexing terminology, called Medical Subject Headings. Everyday language may be used and PaperChase will translate, or "map", the user's search term into the required Medical Subject Heading. PaperChase monitors a search in progress and suggests additional Medical Subject Headings which can be used to broaden or narrow a search. The searcher can order a full-text photocopy of any reference found in PaperChase. Support documentation and a subscriber newsletter are provided at no charge. Trained search specialists are available to offer assistance and to answer questions.

MEDLARS↗
PubMed1987

The physician data query (PDQ) cancer information system.

PDQ is an online database that provides information about the prognosis and treatment of all major types of cancer. It represents a major effort by the NCI to communicate advances in cancer treatment using computer technology, and serves as a major component of the Institute's program to reduce cancer mortality nationwide. PDQ utilizes a modern large-scale computer to provide processing speed, a general purpose database management system to provide retrieval and display functions, and commercial telecommunication networks to provide online access to up-to-date information on cancer treatment. A series of user-friendly menus allow searching, browsing, and displaying without having to learn a specialized search language. PDQ is accessible through the National Library of Medicine's computer system via a computer terminal or personal computer and is available to the medical community at over 6,000 medical libraries and centers and through individual access codes. PDQ is also available as an online database under a special license agreement with NCI through two medical information systems produced by commercial database vendors: BRS/Saunders' COLLEAGUE Mead Data Central's MEDIS, and Telmed, a Swiss database.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Bringing the medical literature to physicians. Self-service computerized bibliographic retrieval.

Seven years ago physicians at the Beth Israel Hospital in Boston began doing their own searches of the medical literature. They used PaperChase, a computer program written especially for end users rather than for search librarians. The data base was initially limited to the journals shelved in the library of the Beth Israel Hospital, but it has since been expanded to include the entire MEDLINE collection of the National Library of Medicine-nearly 5 million references published in 3,400 biomedical journals dating back to 1966.PaperChase is now available throughout the United States and Canada to anyone who has a computer terminal or personal computer and a modem. No special training is needed for a successful search and there is no user's manual. Users can search by title word, "medical subject heading," author's name, journal title, year of publication, language of publication or any combination of the above. They can read abstracts on line, and they can request that a photocopy of the full text of any article be mailed to them.

Canada↗
PubMed1985

Rapid preparation of lecture slides.

When lecture slides must be prepared at a moment's notice, these methods of rapid preparation will allow you to create good quality slides. Although rush jobs are usually associated with higher costs, using these methods will keep the price per slide to a minimum. An investment must be made for the initial equipment, but the cost per slide is much less than that of slides produced by the standard methods. Type produced by typewriters or computer printers is adequate for most slides, but better slides can be produced with KroyType or Letraset letters. The KL film is preferred for reverse slides of text or line drawings, and the RPC film for production of radiographic slides. If an X-omat developer is not available, Polaroid film is a good alternative for rapid production of slides. The KL reverse slide projects best and can be colored, but RPC film produces a good positive slide of typed material. We have also photographed from a computer terminal screen using the KL film to make positive slides, the Polaroid continuous tone film for reverse slides, and Polaroid color film for color slides of material composed on a computer terminal with multicolor and graphics capabilities.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient data acquisition.

Patient data are acquired in three ways: by direct interrogation; physiological measurements; and analysis of specimens, signals, and images. When computers are used to acquire information from the patient directly, difficulties arise from the lack of standardized patient medical history, the complexities of natural language processing, and the problems of man/machine communication (patient with computer terminal, and physician with computer-generated history). A great variety of data input devices have been used for the acquisition of the patient medical history. Most have been extensively used in multiphasic health testing programs, and this experience is freely drawn upon in this paper.

Computers↗
PubMed1976

Rentran. An on-line computer-based regional kidney transplant matching system.

An interactive on-line computerized renal transplant matching system called RENTRAN which serves the Southwest Kidney Transplant Region is described. The region consists of one transplant center in Arkansas, two in Oklahoma, and six in Texas. The computer used is the DECsystem-10 located in the Medical Computing Resources Center at Dallas. RENTRAN participants have remotely located standard interactive computer terminals and gain access to the computer by dialing over normal telephone lines. Functions provided by RENTRAN include obtaining instructions, performing a donor-recipient match, obtaining a list of potential recipients, making a user comment or adding, updating or deleting a potential recipient record. Either long or short formats for dialog with the computer system are available for inexperienced and experienced and users, respectively. In the time period from August 1,1973, when the system went into production on February 1, 1976, there have been in excess of 232 matches attempted and approximately 142 kidneys have been transplanted according to RENTRAN results. There are about 361 recipients currently on the data base. The system was developed with funds provided by the Texas Regional Medical Program. Expenses of maintaining the system as well as occasional programmed improvements as deemed appropriate by the Southwest Kidney Transplant Region Registry Committee on the basis of user comments are provided through a $25 per year charge to patients for being listed on the data base.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

[Operation documentation. A program for the detection and statistical documentary evaluation of surgery reports].

A computer program specifically designed for surgical data retrieval was tested for longer than one year. By using the information contained in operation reports, with this program statistical analysis may be achieved. The reports are generated and printed using a personal computer running MS-DOS. Entering data does not cause any additional effort for the secretary. The selection of requested data is possible with any combination of criteria, and the resultant information is displayed on the computer terminal screen or printed on the computer printer. A combination of terms is used instead of a numeric code for data entry allowing far greater selectivity, with a reduced risk of data loss due to wrong numeric code entry.

Data Display↗
PubMed1990

Computer applications in orthopaedics.

With the rapid developments in microprocessors, the widespread availability of computers has brought about broad applications in the field of orthopaedics. The present technology enables large quantities of data to be logically processed in a very short span of time. This has led to the development of information management database systems where relevant medical information may be retrieved very quickly and effectively. The analytical power of the computer has also been utilised in expert systems to assist in clinical-decision making process. Computer graphics have revolutionised the visualisation of physical features of internal and external body parts, providing new and improved modalities of diagnosis. In some centres, surgical planning and rehearsals are already being carried out at the computer terminal with the use of animation and computer graphics. Computer technology has also played an active role in the field of prosthetics and rehabilitation. Intelligent robotic systems and microprocessor with functional neuromuscular stimulation have been applied to benefit, and in some cases restore some motor functions to the physically disabled. With more collaboration between engineers, scientists and the medical community, several prototypes of computer-controlled prostheses and prosthesis designed and manufactured by Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology are available today to assist the amputees in their daily living and ambulatory activities.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1978

Collusion of information on computerized patient management examinations.

In a computer presented examination the ratio of examinees to computer terminals is generally large. This implies that a computer presented test might span an entire day or several days with different groups of examinees taking the examination at different times. In such a situation, examinees who take the examination later on have the opportunity to gather information from their colleagues who took the examination earlier. This report investigates whether information exchanged between groups of examinees taking a computer presented patient management problem test improves the performance of late takers versus early takers. Results indicate that there is no exchange of information between groups of candidates.

Alberta↗
PubMed1986

Computers as learning resources in the health sciences: impact and issues.

Starting with two computer terminals in 1972, the Health Sciences Learning Resources Center of the University of Minnesota Bio-Medical Library expanded its instructional facilities to ten terminals and thirty-five microcomputers by 1985. Computer use accounted for 28% of total center circulation. The impact of these resources on health sciences curricula is described and issues related to use, support, and planning are raised and discussed. Judged by their acceptance and educational value, computers are successful health sciences learning resources at the University of Minnesota.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1978

An automated verbal medical history system.

Computer-based automated medical history acquisition systems have not been as widely utilized as originally anticipated. The high cost, limited accessibility and alien nature of the computer terminal equipment have all been cited as important factors in the limited acceptance. A system has been developed that makes it possible to use a standard household telephone as the computer input and output terminal in obtaining medical history data. Patient acceptance is excellent, and medical information gathered using this technique is as accurate as that obtained by self-administered questionnaires or personal interviews. This system maintains the advantages of the terminal-based automated history program while eliminating many of its deficiencies.

Computers↗
PubMed1977

A simulated patient-physician encounter using a talking computer.

Computer-based clinical simulations provide a means for evaluating the information-gathering and patient-management competencies of physicians. The need for expensive computer terminals has restricted physician use of these simulations. This computer-based program permits physicians to complete computer-based encounters using a standard touch-tone telephone.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1978

On-line computer storage, retrieval, and reporting of coded angiographic data.

Interpretations of angiographic images have been coded and stored using an on-line computer terminal for seven years. Decoded angiographic information is incorporated in computer-generated reports which are printed on demand after completion of cardiac catheterization procedures. Currently, almost 5,500 cases are stored in an off-line data base which has been designed to help identify patterns with prognostic potential. Also, the program has helped standardize angiographic nomenclature, saved much clerical time, and virtually eliminated clerical errors. The program interacts with other software in the hospital, avoiding repetitious entries. The advantages and shortcomings of the program and commonly used approaches to computer storage/retrieval of radiographic information are described.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and evaluation of a radiological reporting system for use with a personal computer.

A computer-assisted radiological reporting system (CRRS) was developed for the efficient management and effective use of a database of radiological information. The system consists of a computer terminal linked to an HIS, a reporting console and a personal computer in the local area network of the radiology department, and a radiography care reader which transfers basic data on the patient from the HIS to the CRRS. The patient's name, hospital ID number, sex and date of birth, the department from which the patient has been referred, in-patient/out-patient status and the procedure needed are recorded on magnetic cards (radiography cards) issued to radiology patients. The system has been successfully used in all diagnostic procedures for 8 months: 16,300 reports have been printed out and stored. The system has made it possible to implement the complete radiological reporting procedure for clinical applications, and the required data can easily be retrieved and used. It has proved to be quite easy to use CRRS to obtain diagnostic histories, and the improved efficiency of the reporting procedure has enabled the cost of a clerk typist to be eliminated.

Data Collection↗