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PubMed1988

Simulation of patient flow in a picture archival and communications system network.

As hospital radiology departments expand their use of digitally formatted imaging devices, these machines will be connected in local area networks called Picture Archival and Communications Systems (PACS). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of computer simulation to analyze the process of patients using a PACS. The flexibility of using simulation on a proposed PACS is shown, starting with the description of a basic model. Different machine networks are run and the results compared. Simulation modeling provides a valuable tool to hospital and department administrators in detecting possible problem areas which may occur with proposed PACS configurations under assumed patient loads.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1988

NeuroSIG: the computer network of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.

A sophisticated computer network has been developed specifically for use by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons. This network provides a variety of communication and information features. These include public and private message transmission, teleconferencing, numerous data libraries, programs that may be downloaded and executed on the user's own computer, high resolution color graphics image transmission, an extensive neurosurgical database, and extensive on-line "help" features. The system can be accessed using almost any personal computer and a telephone modem.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1990

[Informatics in the School of Medicine of the University of Chile. II. The school network and access to data bases].

Projects on informatics at the School of Medicine of the University of Chile are being brought about in accordance with both its institutional goals and present trends in technology. Prominent among the latter are the widespread distribution of autonomous processing power represented by low-cost computers and the ease of communication at local and worldwide levels. Our main project has been the design and start of a computer network that integrates the School's Departments and the geographically dispersed teaching hospitals. The principal services provided by the network are local and international electronic mail, access to data bases, and emulation of mainframe terminals (eg, to run remotely a mainframe's statistics software). Automated bibliographic search has been made available both through remote access to Medline data base and through local usage of compact disc (CD-ROM) versions. Since our network is open, it should become a forceful mean of assisting and integrating the biomedical community throughout the country.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1990

Hospital-wide distribution of nuclear medicine studies through a broadband digital network.

Nuclear medicine provides a good environment for the evaluation of picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) because of the relatively small quantity of digital data that are generated, leading to reduced requirements for storage, display, and transmission compared with those found in radiology. The PACS in nuclear medicine is characterized by use of a single computer as a central storage, display, and analysis node. Images are acquired with use of small, low-cost computers attached to each camera. This network configuration offers advantages of convenience, but with great reliance on a single computer. A campus-wide picture network is under development at Washington University employing broadband cable television technology supplemented by baseband Ethernet (Digital Equipment Corp, Maynard, MA) components. All areas of diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine are connected via a PACS testbed project. A radiology information system, supporting over 250 terminals, provides digital tracking of patients and report generation and retrieval. A new image workstation is under development in conjunction with Digital Equipment Corp. This system will permit display in multiple windows of report information and images from various modalities. A lung scan demonstration project is now beginning that is designed to test the value of a PACS in nuclear medicine. Digitally acquired chest radiographs will be displayed on an image workstation in nuclear medicine along with digital ventilation and perfusion lung scans. It is hoped that time-consuming logistic bottlenecks now encountered in lung scan interpretation will be reduced.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1991

Analog-to-digital clinical data collection on networked workstations with graphic user interface.

An innovative respiratory examination system has been developed that combines physiological response measurement, real-time graphic displays, user-driven operating sequences, and networked file archiving and review into a scientific research and clinical diagnosis tool. This newly constructed computer network is being used to enhance the research center's ability to perform patient pulmonary function examinations. Respiratory data are simultaneously acquired and graphically presented during patient breathing maneuvers and rapidly transformed into graphic and numeric reports, suitable for statistical analysis or database access. The environment consists of the hardware (Macintosh computer, MacADIOS converters, analog amplifiers), the software (HyperCard v2.0, HyperTalk, XCMDs), and the network (AppleTalk, fileservers, printers) as building blocks for data acquisition, analysis, editing, and storage. System operation modules include: Calibration, Examination, Reports, On-line Help Library, Graphic/Data Editing, and Network Storage.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1992

Design of a high-speed, high-resolution teleradiology network.

A teleradiology system acquires radiographic images from one location and transmits them to one or more distant sites where they are displayed and/or converted to hard-copy film recordings. The long-term goal of teleradiology research is to show that teleradiology systems can provide diagnostically equivalent results when compared with conventional radiographic film interpretation. If this hypothesis is proven, provision of the following radiology services will be improved: (1) providing for primary interpretation of radiological images for patients in underserved areas as well as in other medical facilities; (2) integration of radiological services for multihospital/clinic health care provider consortiums; (3) improving emergency service and intensive care unit coverage; (4) offering consulting-at-a-distance with subspecialty radiologists; and (5) providing radiologists in the community or in rural areas with immediate access to large academic centers for help in the interpretation of difficult and problematic cases. We are designing a high-speed, high-resolution teleradiology network that will communicate between our level 3 medical center and several outlying medical centers within the metropolitan area. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), and screen-film examinations will be digitized to 2,000 x 2,000 or 4,000 x 4,000 pixels at the remote sites, transmitted to the central referral facility, and sent to a laser film printer, replicating the original film. This film may then be used for primary diagnosis, overreading/consultative purposes, or for emergency department preparation. Inherently digital modality data (eg, MR and CT) can be sent without digitization of the multiformat film if desired.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On research subsystems and their integration in the computer-supported part of hospital information systems.

Taking as an example the special research programme ('Sonderforschungsbereich') in leukemia research and immunogenetics (SFB120) of the University of Tübingen, we intend to discuss how research subsystems should be built up, which functions they should take over and which network architecture is suitable. Furthermore, we examined to what extent research subsystems can be integrated in the computer-supported part of hospital information systems. It can easily be seen that no general solution exists for the structuring. The structure depends rather upon the specific problems and information requirements of individual research units. The clinical environment must be taken into account if research subsystems are to be integrated into the computer-supported part of a hospital information system. Especially in regard to the data protection aspect, we must keep in mind that the connection between subsystems must not necessarily result in the setup of a network for the corresponding computer systems.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1989

Special communication. The Cooperative Human Tissue Network.

This report is to make the general scientific community aware of availability of human tissues through this network. During the short period of its existence, this network has developed useful procedures for distributing human tumor tissue in a rapid, scientifically useful, cost-effective manner to investigators to whom this tissue would not otherwise be available. The growth in the number of specimens being distributed matches the previous experience of each of the member institutions in internal distribution activities. It is expected that the availability of tissue will lead to new research initiatives and grant applications. This Network has been established as a model which can in the future be expanded to meet the needs of the scientific community at large. The National Cancer Institute encourages investigators engaging in cancer research who have need of human tissues to submit their requests to the Cooperative Human Tissue Network.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1990

Telecommunication. Strategy: communication links with physicians.

Telecommunications vendors en masse are targeting health care as a market segment with vast, untapped potential. But hospitals are still having trouble integrating computer systems within their own walls. Are they ready to face the telecommunications challenge: utilizing long-distance telecommunication networks that would shuttle health care information around the country as efficiently as systems already at work in the finance industry? Ready or not, experts say the day must come.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1990

Improving access to computer-based library and drug information services in patient-care areas.

A project to increase access to drug and biomedical information through electronic linkage of drug information and library services to three patient-care areas is described. In February 1987, microcomputer work stations were installed in the Bexar County Hospital District's hospital emergency department, medical residents' office, and ambulatory-care clinic, as well as in The University of Texas Health Science Center's library reference area and drug information service office. Drug information was available on compact disk through the Micromedex Computerized Clinical Information System (CCIS) database, which includes DRUGDEX, POISINDEX, EMERGINDEX, and IDENTIDEX. Each work station was also connected to the library's computer via modem, allowing access to the Library Information System, books, journals, audiovisual materials, miniMEDLINE, and an electronic mail system. During the six-month project, the system was used 5487 times by 702 people. The system was successful in providing drug and other information in clinical settings and in introducing clinical staff members to new information technology. To increase access to the system after the project ended, the CD-ROM version was discontinued, and the distributed tape version of CCIS for VAX computers was added to the library's online information system, making drug information more available throughout the campus and teaching hospitals. In 1988-89 an average of 200 people accessed the tape version of CCIS each month. Although it is difficult to replace the convenience of an onsite library, at least some drug and biomedical information needs in the clinical setting can be met through computer networking.

Computer Communication Networks↗