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PubMed2005

Short report: Q fever and Plasmodium falciparum malaria co-infection in a patient returning from the Comoros archipelago.

Although Plasmodium falciparum malaria and Q fever are both prevalent in Africa, there have been no reports of co-infection to date. We report a case who returned from the Comoros archipelago diagnosed by serologic analysis as well as detection of Coxiella burnetii DNA in acute-phase serum. Thus, Q fever may be associated with malaria infection in travelers returning from disease-endemic countries. This diagnosis should be considered when the response to malaria treatment is incomplete.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Seroepidemiologic evaluation of malaria in Mayotte (Comoro archipelago) 1984-1988].

In the context of a research programme on the immunology of malaria in the islands of the south-west of the Indian Ocean, seroepidemiological studies by means of sampling surveys have been carried out annually in Mayotte Island (Comoro Archipelago) from 1984 to 1988. Apart from the transient character of the increases in rates in the wake of the epidemic outbreak of 1984, the evolution of the antibody geometric mean reciprocal titre (GMRT) by age reveals a negativation of population at large, fast only in the younger age-group. At such a high level of negativation, the GMRT does not lend itself to interpretation. In the older age-groups the negativation becomes so slow as to render a yearly periodicity too short to show differences. The correlation between GMRT and age that persisted over the five-year period suggests that the evolution of the rates according to age follows a predetermined model. The epidemiological interpretation of purely serological data, except for a general indication of the trend, is however difficult, specially in an archipelago where the levels of malaria transmission are not the same in the different islands, but where inter-island migration is quite important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Human Salmonella and Shigella infections in Moroni, the capital of Great Comoro Island (1987-1988).

Over a period of two years 98 cultures of Salmonella and 17 cultures of Shigella were isolated at the El Maarouf Hospital, Moroni, capital of the Comoros. Almost half of the isolates were from children under 5 years. Salmonella belonged to a limited range of serotypes, S. typhi dominating in adults and S. enteritidis in children, often with bacteraemia. Antibiotic resistance was virtually absent in Salmonella and without clinical significance in Shigella. The high isolation rate of S. enteritidis and the rarity of antibiotic resistance are commented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Malaria morbidity in Comoros].

After a short epidemiological description on the malaria situation in the Grande Comoro Island, the authors fix the threshold of the pyrogenic parasite density. The studies carried out in out-patients and a pediatric in patients department allowed the authors to assess the place of malaria in the pathology. Second motive for seeking medical advice for fever in children, malaria is the first cause of dead in hospitalized children between 1 and 4 years. The morbidity and mortality decreases rapidly from the age of five and the limit seems to be reached at the age of 10. Perennial transmission does not result in seasonal variation of the morbidity although the prevalence, in active detection, of malaria infection is significantly higher in the raining season than in the dry season.

Antimalarials↗
PubMed1988

[Malaria in the islands of the Comoro archipelago. Historical and geophysical aspects. Epidemiologic considerations].

Located on the maritime road to India, important harbour during slavery period, Comoro Archipelago was therefore free of malaria in the XVIIth century in spite of the presence of infected persons. In the XIXth century, malaria became endemic in Mayotte, Mohéli and Anjouan but only at the beginning of the XXth century in Grande Comore. The origin of vectors and main parasite, P. falciparum, are african. After quite a "natural" evolution, the situation is the same in these islands (continual high transmission) except Mayotte where a malaria programme is performed since 1976. But the historical differences, island by island, in the outbreak of malaria suggest various ecological balance which would be underlined by antimalarial activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Bancroft's filariasis in Anjouan (Comoro Islands)].

A parasitological survey on Bancroftian filariasis has been carried out in Anjouan (Comoro Islands) in 1982. A fall in the microfilaria rate (17.66%) is noticeable comparatively to Prod'hon investigations in 1969 (41.25%). Prevalence is reduced in the main localities but is still high in remote villages, specially in the inner district of the island.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Comoros.

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Africa↗
PubMed1999

Management of childhood fractures in Anjouan Island, Comoros.

Limb fractures were reviewed in 489 children, 390 boys and 99 girls whose ages ranged between 2 days and 14 years (mean 8 yrs). Only 54 (11%) were caused by road traffic accidents; 435 (89%) were due to other causes. Fractures of the arm were seen in 332 (68%) children and there were leg fractures in 157 (32%), of which 155 (32%) were undisplaced and were treated by first aid. Closed reduction was performed on 138 (28%) children and 196 (40%) were treated by internal fixation. Infection and non-union occurred in 28 (14%) and 13 (7%), respectively. Re-operation was performed because of complications in 21 (11%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Distribution of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) in Comoros and Southeast France.

Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) expressed by natural killer cells are cell surface molecules able to recognize groups of HLA class I alleles. The number and distribution of KIR genes vary among individuals and populations. The aim of this study is to analyse the KIR gene content in a Comorian population in order to investigate genetic relationships with other populations and to reconstruct past migration events. The Comorian population consisted of 54 unrelated immigrants living in France and a control population consisted of 38 individuals from Southeast France. We investigated the presence or absence of 15 KIR genes, two pseudogenes expressed and non-expressed forms of KIR2DL5 and the two major subtype full-length and deleted forms of KIR2DS4. All individuals were typed positive for the framework genes, i.e. KIR2DL4, KIR3DL2 and KIR3DL3, and the two pseudogenes KIR3DP1 and KIR2DP1. The frequencies of full-length KIR2DS4 (*00101/00102/002) were lower in the French population (F = 29%) than in the Comorian population (F = 72%) (P(c) < 0.05). No significant differences were found for other KIR genes. A total of 11 genotypes were identified in the Southeast French population and 22 genotypes in the Comorian population. The most common genotype (2DL1, 2DL3, 2DL4, 3DL1, 3DL2, 3DL3 and 2DS4) accounted for 41% in the Comorian population and 34% in the Southeast French population. Principal component analysis using KIR gene data from 20 populations was performed to determine genetic differences and relations between populations. The Comorian population exhibited closest kinship with Africans and Asians. As KIR gene content is heterogeneous among ethnic groups, it can probably be used to assess the genetic relationships among populations from different geographic areas.

Comoros↗
PubMed1992

Comoros.

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Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comoros].

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Africa↗
PubMed1994

[Dengue 1 epidemic in the Grand Comoro Island (Federal Islamic Republic of the Comores). March-May 1993].

An epidemic of dengue fever occurred in Grande Comore island from March to May 1993. Dengue 1 virus has been isolated. The epidemic did not affect the other islands of the archipelago. No compound clinical picture, in particular hemorrhagic, was reported. A random sampling survey conducted towards the end of April showed that 26% of the population aged 5 years old or more had IgM dengue antibodies. The epidemic concerned essentially individuals under 45 years of age. The number of inhabitants of Grande Comore affected by the outbreak can be estimated between 56,000 and 75,000. The results of the sero-epidemiological survey allowed to find the serological scar of two previous epidemics of dengue: the first one around 1948, which may correspond with dengue 1, the other one in 1984, probably with dengue 2.

Adolescent↗