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PubMed2003

A festschrift for Roland L. Weinsier: nutrition scientist, educator, and clinician.

Roland L. Weinsier, M.D., Dr.P.H., devoted himself to the fields of nutrition and obesity for more than 35 years. He contributed outstanding work related to the treatment of obesity through dietary and lifestyle change; metabolic/energetic influences on obesity, weight loss, and weight regain; body composition changes accompanying weight loss and regain; the health benefits and risks of weight loss; nutrition education for physicians; and nutrition support of sick patients. He served on the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) National Task Force on Prevention and Treatment of Obesity, as Chair of the University of Alabama at Birmingham's Department of Nutrition Sciences, and as Founder and Director of its NIDDK-funded Clinical Nutrition Research Center. He was a long-time and active member of NAASO, serving in the roles of Councilor, Publications Committee Chair, Continuing Medical Education Course Director, Public Relations Committee Chair, and Membership Committee Co-Chair, to name just a few. He was well respected as a staunch defender of NAASO's scientific integrity in these roles. Sadly, Roland Weinsier died on November 27, 2002. He will be missed and remembered by many as a revered and beloved teacher, mentor, healer, and scholar.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2001

A seat at the table: membership in federal advisory committees evaluating public policy in genetics.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined who participates in federal government advisory committees regarding public policy in human and medical genetics, what parties they represent, and to what extent the general public is meaningfully represented. METHODS: Analysis focused on 7 federal government documents published from January 1990 to February 1995. Advisors were categorized into 4 groups based on the professional affiliations that were listed in the publications. After a search of several references and data-bases, the study examined whether these individuals also had other affiliations not listed in the government publications. RESULTS: Individuals whose principal affiliations were with academia (n = 32; 44%) or industry (n = 19; 26%) represented nearly three fourths of the sample, followed by government employees (n = 13; 18%) and consumer advocates (n = 8; 11%). At least 16% of the advisors serving on the federal committees, mostly members of academia, had a dual affiliation. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the public has modest representation on key federal advisory committees making policy recommendations regarding human genetics technology and clinical practice and that there is ample room for additional public participation.

Committee Membership↗
PubMed2000

Regional Examination for Nurse Registration, Commonwealth Caribbean.

In 1990, a Regional Examination for Nurse Registration was approved by the Conference of Ministers Responsible for Health in the Commonwealth Caribbean. The examination allows for standardization and improvement of nursing education, as well as reciprocity and ease-of-movement for Registered Nurses among the countries of the region. A Planning Committee and a Blueprint Committee were established to develop the examination process. Committee membership included the Principal/Chief Nursing Officers, Nurse Tutors, and General Nursing Council representatives of each country, as well as educators from the two universities of the region. The accepted model, based on mutually agreed competencies for the Registered Nurse to practice in the region, forms the basis for the elaboration of the blueprint and the administrative manuals. The treatment of test items, assembling and conducting the examinations, which consist of four papers, as well as scoring the examination results, and notifying students of the results, are the responsibility of each General Nursing Council. The 13 General Nursing Councils with responsibility for Schools of Nursing meet annually as a regional committee to prepare the examinations, using a different country for each meeting; countries are rotated alphabetically. There is no permanent site for the administration of the examination. Membership to the regional committee, known as the Regional General Nursing Councils (RGNCs), is for 3 years. This staggering of membership allows for continuity.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed1994

Ethics committees in state mental hospitals: a national survey.

OBJECTIVE: The goals of the study were to examine the composition, operation, and purpose of ethics committees in state mental hospitals, to determine whether committees were accessible to patients and family members, and to identify frequently addressed ethical issues. METHODS: In June 1992 a 41-item survey questionnaire was mailed to chief executive officers of 204 state-operated general psychiatric inpatient facilities. Survey items asked about the facility's attributes, composition of the ethics committee, how the committee functioned, and the issues it addressed. RESULTS: A total of 145 facilities from 46 states responded to the survey, for a response rate of 71 percent. Nearly half the facilities had ethics committees, most of which were recently established. Physicians accounted for the plurality of committee membership, followed by nurses and administrators. Although several facilities gave patients access to committee meetings, few patients or their family members actually attended these meetings. Issues such as patients' danger to others, resuscitation policies, and scarce resources were frequently addressed by many committees but were never addressed by others. CONCLUSIONS: Although many state mental hospitals have established ethics committees in the past few years, these committees may not meet patients' needs because of inadequate representation by patient advocates and family members. Numerous concerns were heard by committees, but no obvious patterns of pressing issues were revealed.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed2005

The quality assurance programme of the Radiotherapy Group of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer: past, present and future.

As early as in 1982, the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Radiotherapy Group established a quality assurance programme. In the course of 20 years, quality assurance procedures have become a vast and important part of the activities of the group. Today, the membership committee uses standard procedures based on minimal requirements to evaluate current members and new membership applications. Moreover, for every new trial, specific quality assurance procedures are an integral part of the preparation of the protocol and executed under the responsibility of the study coordinator. With the growing complexity of the radiotherapy techniques used in the framework of the more recent trials, quality assurance procedures have also become more complex including trial specific phantom based measurements. Future ways to evaluate all steps of the radiotherapy process using a common platform connecting all users with the internet are currently under development.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2003

A snapshot of pulmonary medicine at the turn of the century: the American Thoracic Society membership.

To describe the characteristics of the American Thoracic Society, the Membership Committee developed a survey to assess demographics, training, professional activities, and needs of a diverse membership with a growing international segment. It also provided an opportunity to determine how the Society reflects the current state of pulmonary medicine in the United States. A self-administered survey was mailed to active members. Of responding members, 80% reside in the United States or Canada; the remainder come from 90 different countries. The majority of North American respondents (79%) were white, non-Hispanic. Seventeen percent of respondents were female. Female respondents were younger, with a mean age of 42 years, compared with 47 years for males. Sixty-five percent of respondents identified clinical practice, 20% research, and 5% teaching as their major activity. More women (33%) than men (22%) identified themselves as researchers. The majority of respondents (69%) have a medical school faculty affiliation. The American Thoracic Society represents a global organization with diverse clinical expertise and scientific interests. The majority of respondents are clinicians; however, the membership has a strong academic bent with most reporting academic affiliation, and describing teaching as a secondary activity.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Use of adult immunization strategies to increase the take of the influenza vaccine. A 2 year review.

1. An actively involved multidisciplinary committee was one of the strongest aspects of the program. This strategy helped to fully integrate the program and provided a wider distribution network for information related to the program. 2. Flexibility in the availability of the vaccine yielded greater take rates than in prior years. Providing extra coverage to off shifts, coverage for unique scheduling formats, and making the influenza vaccine available within departments and off campus buildings were key to getting employees to accept the immunization. 3. The ability to use the knowledge of a diverse committee membership aided in better analysis of the mechanics of the process. Changes were made between years as the committee continued to assess successes and failures among different employee groups and addressed administration venues and incentives for staff.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The P & T committee: descriptive survey of activities and time requirements.

Hospitals in the St. Louis area were surveyed to identify the activities of their P & T Committees and to determine the time commitment required of various hospital personnel for P & T functions. The acceptance of the P & T Committee within the hospital and committee membership were also studied. The data gathered were reviewed according to hospital size to determine the effect of size on P & T Committee activities. After analyzing results from the survey, suggestions on effective use of time for P & T functions are presented.

Missouri↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mission committees' role evolves from operations to oversight.

Originally established in the 1970s to ensure that sisters serving in the health care ministry had input into governing board decisions, mission committees in the Holy Cross Health System, South Bend, IN, have evolved through three stages of development. In their early years, mission committees searched for an identity, struggling to define their roles and purpose. In the committees' second stage, activities were the dominant focus as organizations created an array of audiovisual presentations and educational programs. In the early 1980s lay employees began to assume their distinctive role in promoting the religious institute's mission, and the committees moved from an emphasis on operations to one on oversight and policy direction. Today the mission committees' membership includes not only governing board and congregational members but also the chief executive officer, the chief human resource office, and physicians. The system has strengthened the committees' role by charging them with responsibility for the human resources function. Although no single structure can ensure that an organization's identity is an integral part of the religious institute's mission, the mission committees' work in directing how the organization selects, orients, evaluates, and manages its employees gives clear evidence of the vitality of its mission objectives.

Catholicism↗
PubMed2000

Collaborative ethics: a standing renal dialysis ethics committee.

We describe a unique, award-winning, multidisciplinary, standing committee focused on ethical issues associated with chronic dialysis. The committee was formed as a collaboration between the National Kidney Foundation of Kansas and Western MO affiliate and the Midwest Bioethics Center, Kansas City, MO in June 1995 to serve the local nephrology community. The committee is comprised of experienced nephrologists, dialysis nurses, and social workers, as well as clergy, medical ethicists, and patient representatives. Committee membership has remained relatively stable over the 4 years of its existence, creating a collaborative spirit among members, which is noteworthy because members are otherwise competing with each other for patients. The committee provides education in a variety of forms, from case consultations to organized seminars. We believe this committee is valuable to the care of patients on dialysis in our local community and that similar committees can be created in other affiliates. We can envision a national network of such committees that together could work on issues in ways that serve both the local and national level.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1990

Organization and operation of P & T Committees in the state of Florida: a survey.

To determine the structure and function of P & T Committees in Florida, a survey was initiated. Questionnaires were mailed to all 289 hospitals in the state. Topics addressed included hospital demographics (type of service provided, institution ownership, hospital size), P & T Committee structure (size of the committee, membership breakdown by specialty, chairman specialty, number of meetings per year), formulary additions (personnel authorized to request drug additions, process for adding drugs to the formulary, monitoring new drug use), and formulary systems (prevalence of therapeutic interchange programs, methods of communicating formulary changes). Overall survey response rate was 71.5%. In general, P & T Committees in Florida appear to be functioning at a relatively high level. Since there is little current information about the composition and operation of P & T Committees in hospitals around the country, it is hoped that this survey will be useful to P & T Committees that wish to upgrade or expand their activities.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2003

Access to new cardiovascular therapies in Canadian hospitals: a national survey of the formulary process.

BACKGROUND: Access to new therapies in hospitals depends upon both clinical trial evidence and local Pharmacy and Therapeutics (P&T) committee approval. The process of formulary evaluation by P&T committees is not well-understood. OBJECTIVES: To describe the formulary decision-making process in Canadian hospitals for cardiovascular medications recently made available on the Canadian market. METHODS: Postal survey of hospital pharmacy directors in all Canadian hospitals with more than 50 beds. Target drugs included abciximab, enoxaparin, dalteparin, clopidogrel, eptifibatide and tirofiban. RESULTS: Of 428 surveys mailed, responses were received from 164 P&T committees representing 350 hospitals for an effective response rate of 82%. While physicians make up the largest proportion of committee membership, pharmacists play an influential role. Information most commonly cited as influencing formulary decisions included published clinical trials (97%), regional guidelines (90%), pharmacoeconomic data (84%), decisions at peer hospitals (73%) and local opinion leaders (60%). However, this information was often not required on formulary applications. Approval timelines varied widely for target medications but there were no regional, hospital or P&T committee characteristics that were independent predictors of early formulary application or approval. CONCLUSIONS: There is wide variability in the time taken for Canadian institutions to adopt new cardiovascular therapies, which is not explained by regional, hospital or P&T committee characteristics. Standardization of the formulary application and evaluation processes, including sharing of information amongst institutions, would lead to broader understanding of the applicable issues, more objectivity and improved efficiency.

Abciximab↗
PubMed2000

Pediatric radiologists: who we are and what we do. Results of a membership survey of the Society for Pediatric Radiology--1999.

BACKGROUND: There is a need for reliable monitoring of workforce trends in the field of pediatric radiology by the Society for Pediatric Radiology. In addition, the Society should periodically assess itself as to its mission and relevance to its members via membership surveys. OBJECTIVE: The Membership Committee of the Society for Pediatric Radiology, 1999, conducted a 54-question survey to determine the makeup of its members, job profiles, satisfaction with services of the Society for Pediatric Radiology, and its official journal, Pediatric Radiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven hundred fifty surveys were given to active members of the Society for Pediatric Radiology in the United States and Canada. There were 275 surveys returned for an overall response of 37%. RESULTS: Mean age of members is 48 years with 99% of respondents working. Membership is 34% female and 66% male. Women members of the Society are younger (45 vs 49 years, P = 0.0012) and work less hours (47.8 vs 51.0, P = 0.0135) than men. Fifty-seven percent of respondents practice in a freestanding children's hospital, 29% in a "children's hospital within a hospital," and 14% are in community hospitals or an office-based practice. Eighty-two percent of the responding pediatric radiologist's time is spent in performing examination on children, with only 18% spent on adult work or administration. Forty-eight percent work at more than one office. Sixty-one percent worked evenings or weekends, excluding night call. Two hundred twenty-two of 275 respondents had received a Certificate of Added Qualification. The meeting "for CME credit" was considered the most important benefit of Society membership. Most respondents read select articles in Pediatric Radiology. There was sentiment to decrease esoteric case reports in favor of review articles. Only 19% of respondents submitted their articles to Pediatric Radiology initially. CONCLUSION: Pediatric radiologists are a diverse membership with the common goal of advocating for healthcare and imaging in children. Survey information given to the leadership of the Society will help the organization remain responsive to its members.

Adult↗