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Results for “Cochlear implant”

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PubMed1976

Cochlear implants: technical and clinical implications.

Recent investigations using animal models and human subjects have helped to define the limits which are achievable in terms of information transfer with single-channel electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. These studies are reviewed, and presented as a context for a description of the development of an implantable multiple-electrode multiplexing system which may provide control for several stimulus channels. While such a device may enable the stimulation of small segments of the auditory nerve independently, it does not contain any means of complex stimulus analysis and recording. This latter aspect of prosthesis development remains as the most formidable problem, from a technical viewpoint, that stands in the way of any significant progress.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Bilateral cochlear implants: histological findings in a pair of temporal bones.

The specimens were obtained from a 63-year-old white male with acquired lues. The patient experienced sudden profound deafness on the left side 15 years prior to death, and a similar loss on the right side 3 years later. By the time of death he had carried a single induction coil in the right ear for 3 years and multiple (5) hardwire electrodes in the left ear for 8 years. A complete micro-dissection or "mini-autopsy" of the specimens was performed, and the modiolus was sectioned. Photomicrographs of the dissections will be shown. In the right ear supporting elements and numerous nerve fibers were present in the apical turn. The electrode on this side was apparently tolerated well; scala tympani was normal in shape and appearance. On the left side no nerve fibers were found in the osseous spiral lamina and there was extensive new bone formation in scala tympani. It is difficult to determine if or to what extent the implants were responsible for the severe sensorineural degeneration observed in both specimens. There was severe scarring and ossification of the posterior ampulla in both ears, in all likelihood resulting from the surgery. Some aspects of surgical techniques will be discussed in view of the histopathological findings.

Cochlea↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cochlear implants.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

An evaluation of per-scalar cochlear electrode implantation techniques. An histopathological study in cats.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of infection and trauma on the organ of Corti and spiral ganglion cells following per-scalar cochlear electrode implantations in cats. The results showed that the incidence of infection with a per-scalar electrode inserted through an opening made directly into the apical and middle turns is low, provided the procedure is carried out aseptically with an antibiotic cover. Trauma could also be kept to a minimum by inserting the electrode into the scala tympani, taking care to insert the electrode without applying force, and ensuring that the first insertion is the only one. Furthermore, the tip of the electrode should be blunt, and its diameter smaller than the width of the scala tympani. It was noted that damage to the organ of Corti, and loss of spiral ganglion cells only occurred as a local phenomenon, and its extent was related to the severity of the damage to the Reissner's and basilar membranes. The insertion of an electrode through the round window and along the scala tympani was not free of risk, as infection which led to a marked loss of spiral ganglion cells occurred, particularly in the basal turn. On the other hand when the size of the electrode was small in relation to the cross sectional area of the scala tympani, and it was not inserted far along the length of the basal turn, the evidence of trauma was minimal. Tissue reaction to the teflon-coated platinum electrode was also not observed.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Assessment of Surgical Salvage Outcomes for Exposed Cranial Neuromodulating Devices.

OBJECTIVES: Implanted neuromodulating devices (NMDs) such as cochlear implants (CIs) and deep brain stimulators (DBSs) are commonly used in modern medicine. Rarely, complications arise post-operatively, including hardware exposure. Traditional teaching suggests that these devices require removal if exposed; however, surgical salvage is a high risk, high reward alternative. We review our single institution experience managing NMD exposure with surgical salvage. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was performed on individuals who had a NMD implanted and underwent an attempt at surgical salvage for exposure during the study period (January 01, 2021 through December 31, 2023). Study outcome success was defined as maintaining a functional NMD 1 year after salvage was attempted. Surgical techniques associated with successful salvage were compared. RESULTS: Nine of 729 patients (1.2%) implanted with NMDs experienced hardware exposure during this 2-year study period. Nine subjects were referred for NMD salvage; however, only 6 of 9 subjects (66.7%, CI = 3; DBS = 3) underwent NMD salvage attempts. Four of the subjects had successful salvage demonstrated successful salvage with a functioning NMD and without wound healing concerns 1 year after their salvage procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Classic teaching states that exposed NMDs require explantation. However, this approach necessarily imposes time without benefit from the NMD between explantation and reimplantation. Our experience demonstrates that surgical salvage can be a successful alternative for the majority (66.7%) of individuals.

Humans↗