Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Ciliated cells”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Morphologic alterations in the epithelium of the human oviduct induced by a low dosis gestagen.

Morphological alterations in the epithelium of the human oviduct related to continuous administration of low dosage lynestrenol were studied in 10 women by electron microscopy. The effect of lynestrenol on the morphology of the tubal epithelium was shown to be time dependent. First the discharge of secretory products from the non-ciliated cells was inhibited. Secondary to this the synthetic activities of the cells were drastically decreased. This inactivation of the tubal epithelium reached its maximum after 6 months. At this time the epithelial cells, particularly the non-ciliated cells were almost devoid of organelles and had an electron transparent cytoplasm. In addition to the action of lynestrenol on the secretory and synthetic activities of the cells a strong ciliogenetic effect could be observed after about 3 months of lynestrenol administration. The ratio of ciliated to non-ciliated cells changed from 1:1 at the beginning of the treatment to 2.9:1 after 6 months. This ratio was then maintained and could still be found in patients who had used lynestrenol for 25 and 39 months. In contrast to the persistent effect of lynestrenol on the ciliary apparatus of the cells the synthetic activities and the secretory mechanism were partially restored with long standing use. The importance of the observed changes and their possible participation in the contraceptive action of lynestrenol are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Observations on the cytolemma of the olfactory receptor cell in the newt. 1. Freeze replica analysis.

The fine structure of the cytolemma of olfactory receptor cells in the newt was studied by the freeze-fracture replica method. Two kinds of receptor cells were recognized, namely ciliated cells (ciliary type) and non-ciliated cells (microvilli type). The cytolemma of olfactory knobs as well as their processes from both types of receptor cells showed an abundance of large membrane particles 80 approximately 110 A in diameter. The large square aggregation of membrane particles, 0.1 x 0.1 micron to 0.2 x 0.3 micron in size, consisting of 50 approximately 100 cuboidal subunits, were found in the cytolemma of the dendrite. A structural model of aggregation is presented. The soma of the receptor cell revealed large pitted membrane particles about 140 A in diameter. These particles are possibly the morphologic counterpart to ionophores which have been proposed by electrophysiological studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Respiratory tract epithelium in primary culture: concurrent growth and differentiation during establishment.

Studies of cellular function in the respiratory tract lining have traditionally been limited by the small tissue mass and functional diversity of the epithelium. Recent improvements in culture conditions have permitted long-term maintenance of epithelial cells derived from the upper respiratory tract of rats. The present study determined the extent to which proliferation and differentiation took place in such epithelial cell cultures. The labelling index obtained after 3H-dThd administration was approximately 100-fold higher than that of the quiescent epithelium in vivo; therefore, a large proportion of the cells were probably in the cycling population. Ultrastructural studies showed that features unique to the specialized mucous secretory cells and ciliated cells were lost rapidly with entry of these cells into the in vitro environment. With long-term maintenance, the cultures were reorganized into a stratified epithelium containing large, squamous, apical cells and small basal cells. The ultrastructural appearance of basal cells in vitro was nearly identical to that of basal cells in vivo. Squamous cells were frequently joined by tight junctions. Because hemicysts originated by detachment of squamous cells from the basal layers but not from adjacent squamous cells, they were considered to indicate stratification in the cultures. The proliferative and differentiative status of the mucociliary epithelium was altered by in vitro conditions, and came to resemble that of early squamous metaplasia in the respiratory tract epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Cell ultrastructure during the development and the transformation of a pig--uterine tube cell line.

Observations by electron microscopy disclosed ultrastructural features which were not apparent by light microscopy during the three stages of the development of a pig uterine tube cell line. Ciliated cells without dynein arms were found naturally occurring in the first 100 subcultures (pseudo-diploid stage). They were not observed in the routinely growing cultures after the concomitant detection of the first chromosome marker and expression of a type C virus, unless the cells were treated with estradiol (transformed stage). Gap junctions and increased numbers of lamellar and lysosomic bodies and vacuole-like structures were observed in clusters of tumoral cells in the high subcultures if a new chromosome marker occurred (malignant stage). Type C viruses were found as early as the 106th subculture (transformed stage) in populations of actively dividing cells 3 days after seeding, but not in populations of nondividing cells a week after seeding. Both viruses and viral reverse transcriptase were continuously released in the 300 subsequent subcultures.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Long-term organ culture of human uterine endocervix.

Explants of human endocervix have been maintained in organ culture for 24 weeks. The epithelium was viable for the entire duration of culture, as demonstrated by ultrastructural morphology and mitotic activity. The epithelium of the explants retained a near normal morphology for 2 to 4 weeks. The only changes observed were decreased mucus secretion in columnar cells, focal epidermoid metaplasia, and an increase in autophagic vacuoles. Subsequently, a slowly progressive transformation of the columnar epithelium into a metaplastic epithelium was observed, with loss of mucus-secreting columnar cells and ciliated cells and the appearance of cuboidal and flattened epidermoid cells, forming often two to three layers. Metaplasia began at the top of the papillae and ridges and extended progressively downwards into the clefts. Nevertheless, in a few areas deep in the clefts, columnar cells retained evidence of mucus secretion during the entire duration of culture. Epidermoid metaplasia appeared to develop in the explants by transformation of columnar mucous cells into cuboidal and flattened cells with epidermoid characteristics. This hypothesis is supported by ultrastructural observations that showed mucus secretion and early keratinization in the metaplastic cells. Mitotic figures were observed with transmission electron microscopy for up to 24 weeks, and all dividing cells contained mucous granules.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1976

[Histologic data on the lingual glands in various anuran amphibians].

The anuran Amphibians have a well developed tongue which is either protractile or attached to the floor of the buccal cavity according to the species. The lingual glands of the papillary dorsal side consist of simple tubules. The stratified epithelium of the ventral and lateral sides of the tongue is composed of mucous and muco-serous cells inserted between the covering ciliated cells. Filiform pappillae and glands have a simple epithelium with numerous outer ciliated cells and glandular cells. The latter eleborate a product rich in glycosaminoglycans, more or less acid according to the species, associated with proteins. The lingual gland secretion is composed of proteins; when present, glycosaminoglycans are less abundant and less acid than those produced by the outer glandular cells. The histochemical and ultrastructural characters of the lingual glands of Anurans are compared to those of Apoda and Caudata previously studied by the same techniques.

Amphibians↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The oncomiracidium of Ancyrocephalus paradoxus Creplin, 1839 (Monongenea, Monopisthocotylea), parasite of Sander lucioperca (Teleostei, Percidae)].

The distribution of ciliated cells and the oncomiracidium chaetotaxy in Ancyrocephalus paradoxus Creplin, 1839 (Ancyrocephalidae) parasite of Sander lucioperca (Teleostean, Percidae) are described for the first time as well as the larval ciliated cells in Dactylogyrus extensus (Dactylogyridae) parasite of Cyprinus carpio. Also is given a description of the larval haptorial armature of Ancyrocephalus paradoxus which shows some original features in our region. The ciliated cell pattern and chaetotaxy are compared among Ancyrocephalus paradoxus (Ancyrocephalidae) Ergenstrema mugilis (Ancyrocephalidae) Dactylogyrus extensus (Dactylogyridae) Tetraonchus menenteron (Tetraonchidae) and Euzetrema knopffleri the systematic position of which is still to be defined. As a result it appears that an unitary pattern occurs in the ciliated cell arrangement and chaetotaxy in the larvae of Ancyrocephalus paradoxus, Ergenstrema mugilis and Dactylogyrus extensus. Yet they are easy to distinguish. Tetraonchus monenteron reveals some affinities with these Dactylogyroïdea but further investigations have to be undertaken again while Euzetrema knoepffleri proves to be very different. In the armature of the larval haptor of Ancyrocephalus paradoxus intraspecific variations appear which seem to be of a biogeographic order. Also the same variations are reported in the larvae of Diplectanum aequans.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Calcium control of ciliary arrest in mussel gill cells.

After several hours in 20 mM sodium phosphate and 40 mM KCI (pH 7.4) or similar simple solutions, ciliated cells exfoliate en masse from stripped gill epithelium of freshwater mussels, e.g., Elliptio complanatus. Three types of ciliated cells--lateral (L), laterofrontal (LF), and frontal (F)--can be distiniguished and counted separately in the suspensions. About one-half of the cells of each type remain motile. Motility is unaffected by addition of 10(-5) M A23187 or 10(-2) M Ca+2 added separately, but when ionophore and Ca+2 are added together, ciliary beat is largely arrested. Treatment of the cells with Triton X-100 (Rohm & Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pa.) results in a total loss of motility as the ciliary membrane becomes disrupted. Such models can be reactivated by addition of ATP and Mg+2. All ciliated cell types are reactivated to about the same extent. At least 80% of the activity of the untreated preparation returns. Ca+2-EGTA buffers added to the reactivating solutions permit titration of free Ca+2 concentration vs. percent motility. Activity is unchanged for all cell types at Ca+2 less than 10(-7) M; at 10(-6) Ca+2, L cilia of all cell types are arrested differentially, whereas at Ca+2 greater than 10(-4) M most cilia of all cell types are arrested. We conclude: (a) that increasing cytoplasmic Ca+2 is directly responsible for ciliary arrest, (b) that the readily reversible physiological arrest response of the L cilia in the intact gill is caused by a rise in free Ca+2 in narrow limits from ca. 5 x 10(-7) M to ca. 8 x 10(-7) M, and (c) that the site which is sensitive to Ca+2 is part of the ciliary axoneme or the basal apparatus.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1979

Alterations to the bronchial and bronchiolar surfaces of adult mice after exposure to high concentrations of oxygen.

We have studied the effects of inhalation of 95 to 100% oxygen on the surface morphology of the bronchi and bronchioles of adult mice, using scanning electron microscopy. Denudation of cilia and truncation of the remaining cilia were commonly observed during high oxygen exposure. Bleb formation, a "moth-eaten" appearance of the non-ciliated cell surface and desquamation of unidentified cells were present in the bronchus after 96 hours of oxygen exposure. Deformation of non-ciliated cells, denudation of cilia, and flattening of the luminal surface were also seen in the bronchiole. For studying the recovery process from acute oxygen damage, we returned mice to room air after four days of high oxygen inhalation and killed them four, seven and 15 days after. There were more variable and complex changes of surface morphology in individual mice during the recovery phase. We observed flattening of the epithelial surface in the bronchiole and bronchus, and noticed that deformation of non-ciliated cells were seen even after 15 days. High oxygen inhalation causes severe morphological changes in the bronchial and bronchiolar mucosa, and those morphological lesions remain for at least two weeks after cessation of oxygen inhalation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Ultrastructure of "villose cells" in the early stages of their formation in the process of chemical carcinogenesis in the CNS].

Early stages of redistribution of cellular elements around the pill of carcinogenic agent DMBA introduced into the right hemisphere of the brain of female SHK albino rats were studied. Precursors of the ciliated cells were established to appear in the perivascular tissue within 12 h. Within 24 h they accumulate around the pill bed, and within 48 h a cellular edging is formed around DMBA. The cytoplasm of ciliated cells become richer in organelles. The main marker in identification of cells in all periods of experiment were lipoid inclusions in the cytoplasm which are different from lipids of usual macrophages occurring both in experiments and in control, in a polygonal shape and sinuous contour. Within 48 h the cytoplasm of ciliated cells form long lancet-shaped spiculae with upright walls. The cytoplasm of macrophages gives only short, somewhat sinuous processes.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1978

Changes of the nasal mucosa in altered airflow illustrated by blind quantitative histology.

In 20 rabbits one nostril was closed surgically for 4, 10, 16, 20, 60 and 90 days, and thereafter the mucous membranes from the open and closed sides of the nose were investigated. Anteriorly on the open side a process of repair started as early as the 4th day after ciliary damage. This process consisted in hyperplasia of basal cells, displacement and gradual desquamation of ciliated cells and goblet cells, differentiation of basal cells into ciliated and goblet cells. On the 16th day the epithelium was again ciliated. As a result of a continued abnormally increased airflow new damage to the cilia occurred and a new cycle was initiated, so that on the 30th and 90th days the epithelium was again ciliated. Even though the epithelium is 'squamous-like' in some phases, there is no question of a transformation into squamous epithelium. On the closed side anteriorly there is increased secretory activity in the epithelium. Posteriorly blind quantitative histology showed no differences between the open and the closed side, or between 'treated' and control material.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The occurrence of ciliated and mucous cells in the peripapillary trench of the rat tongue.

Ciliated cells surrounded by mucous cells were found near the base of the peripapillary trench of the rat circumvallate papilla. The ciliated cells occurred singly or in small groups. Each cilium showed the nin plus two filament pattern characteristic of motile cilia. We consider that these cells function in wetting the taste pores, circulating saliva containing tastants and removal of debris from the papillary trench.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Freeze-fracture images of the zonula occludens in the mouse oviduct epithelium.

Freeze-fracture images of zonulae occludentes of the oviduct epithelium of adult mice were observed in the electron microscope. The structure of zonulae occludentes varies depending on the types of oviduct epithelial cells. Those between two secretory cells consist of 5--14 (9.2 +/- 2.0) strands interposed between the luminal and the lateral plasma membrane. The strands run irregularly making well developed anastomoses with one another. The tight junction between two ciliated cells consists of 4--14 (8.5 +/- 2.3) strands. Among them the upper 3--9 strands are unique in shape. The strands run regularly, compactly and parallel to the luminal surface and to each other with a few anastomoses. The distance between the adjacent strands is about 40 nm. Under this characteristic part several strands are very loosely distributed and run irregularly. The pattern of the strands in the zonula occludens between a secretory cell and a ciliated one resembles that between adjacent ciliated cells. The junction consists of 4--13 (8.3 +/- 2.0) strands. The characteristically dense and parallel arrangement of the strands demonstrated in this study is presumed to be related to the ciliary movement. All the zonulae occludentes in the mouse oviduct epithelium are "very tight" in type. No large gap junctions are seen in the mouse oviduct epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Fetal mouse lung in circumfusion system cultures.

Fetal mouse lungs were cultivated, using the dual-rotary circumfusion system for tissue culture, and their histotypic development was surveyed for 75 days by phase-contrast and electron microscopy. Alveoli, terminal bronchioles and alveolar macrophages were photographed periodically with still and time-lapse phase-contrast microscopy. Their histotypic appearance was confirmed by electron micrographs of the 1- and 2 1/2-month-old specimens. These revealed typical alveoli surrounded by a basal lamina and composed of types I and II pneumocytes containing various lamellar-body forms within the type II cells, the alveolar lumen, and the alveolar macrophages. There was a shift from almost all type II cells in the 1-month-old alveoli to the presence of frequent type I cells as constituents of the alveoli in the 2 1/2-month-old cultures. The terminal bronchioles were tubules consisting of ciliated cells with Clara cells interspersed between them. The ciliated cells contained as many as 30 cilia or basal bodies per section and numerous microvilli. They were attached to each other and to the Clara cells by junctional complexes and accessory desmosomes which were generally in the apical ends of the cells. The Clara cells typically had glycogen granules interspersed between lamellae of the endoplasmic reticulum, contained numerous well dispersed mitochondria, occasional lysosome-like granules and crystalloid bodies which appeared to be tubular. Some Clara cells presented a moderatley dense secretory granule in the center of the whorl of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The effects of ozone on the respiratory epithelium of mice II. Ultrastructural alterations.

Ultrastructural alterations in the tracheal and bronchial epithelium of mice exposed to 0.8 ppm ozone for varying periods of time were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The lesions were apparent in the ciliated cells. Examination of tissue from control mice showed that the ciliated cells were arranged in groups and the cilia were uniform in length. After six days of exposure to ozone, shortened cilia were occasionally observed by day 10, more pronounced changes were observed. Cilia were either absent or became short and blunt. The lesions observed after 20 days in ozone were similar to those seen on day 10. After ozone-exposed mice had been returned to ambient air for 10 days, ciliary regeneration occurred and, the major airways had a surface appearance approaching the normal state.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Pulmonary oxygen toxicity in chickens and rabbits.

Chickens exposed to hyperbaric oxygen (3 to 5 ATA) or to 100% oxygen at atmospheric pressure for prolonged periods showed no pathologic pulmonary damage, although hydrogen peroxide did accumulate in their airways. Superoxide dismutase in the peripheral nucleated red blood cells and the rate of oxidation of specifically labeled glucose were increased in chickens exposed to hyperbaric oxygen for three hours. Superoxide dismutase increased in the lung lavage of the rabbits and in the peripheral nucleated red blood cells. Glucose oxidation was unchanged. The difference in superoxide dismutase is probably the result of the desquamated, damaged cells found in the rabbit lung lavage. That only rabbit bronchi are lined with oxidant-sensitive ciliated cells suggests that the absence of these ciliated cells in fowl may well be responsible for the observed resistance of these birds to oxidant damage by oxygen.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Embryologic origin of the various epithelial cell types in the second kind of thyroid follicle in the C3H mouse.

The thyroid gland of the C3H mouse is composed largely of the usual follicle but it also contains a second kind of follicle. To ascertain the embryologic origin of the cell types in each of these follicles, ventral pharyngeal outpocketings and ultimobranchial outpocketings were isolated (before they fused to form the thyroid gland) from the 12-day-old fetus of the C3H mouse. The outpocketings were implanted into different kidney capsules of adult C3H mice and were allowed to grow for several months. Transplants were then excised and examined by electron microscopy. The ventral contribution formed large aggregates of follicles and was recognized as a distinct bump on the surface of the kidney. It formed only typical thyroid ultimobranchial contribution usually formed only a small number of follicles, generally of small size. It was readily located because the follicles occurred next to a white plaque of bone or cartilage at the site of implantation. The ultimobranchial contribution formed follicles containing four cell types: a ciliated cell, a cell with abundant agranular reticulum, a cell with many free ribosomes and fiber and occasional hemidesmosomes, and the C cell which was the most frequent cell type. No typical thyroid epithelium was observed in the ultimobranchial transplant. These observations suggest that the C cell in the usual follicle is derived from the ultimobranchial contribution, and that the second kind of follicle is largely an ultimobranchial contribution but the typical thyroid epithelium in it is largely or entirely a ventral contribution.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Regional variation in the surface morphology of the epithelium of the rat ductuli efferentes, ductus epididymidis and vas deferens.

The luminal surface of epithelial cells lining the ductuli efferentes, ductus epididymidis and first portion of the vas deferens were studied with the scanning electron microscope. In ductuli efferentes obvious ciliated cells are identified and it is shown that on non-ciliated cells the short microvilli adhere to one another to form clumps of microvilli. In the epididymis two cell types are described and can be identified as principal cells and clear cells based on the presence or absence of microvilli. Clear cells vary in number along the duct, being most numerous distally. Their surface morphology is also most variable distally. In the vas deferens, principal cells with surface microfilli are easily identified; but, in addition, a second cell type is seen, the identity of which is not known.

Animals↗