Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Choroiditis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Predictors of visual outcome and choroidal neovascular membrane formation after traumatic choroidal rupture.

OBJECTIVE: To determine predictors of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and visual outcome after traumatic choroidal rupture. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients with traumatic choroidal rupture diagnosed in the Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, between January 1993 and August 2001 was performed. Parametric and nonparametric statistical methods were used to evaluate visual prognosis, CNV, and retinal detachment after traumatic choroidal rupture. RESULTS: One hundred eleven cases were identified and reviewed. Visual acuity (VA) changes were recorded in all of the cases. Thirty-eight (34%) of the 111 patients recovered driving vision (VA > or =20/40). Rupture location was recorded in 107 cases. Recovery of driving vision was seen in 20 (59%) of 34 eyes with peripheral choroidal ruptures, 17 (22%) of 73 eyes with macular choroidal ruptures, 38 (38%) of 99 eyes without CNV, 1 (8%) of 12 eyes with CNV, 38 (40%) of 96 eyes without retinal detachment, and 1 (7%) of 15 eyes with retinal detachment. Older age and location of rupture within the arcades were positively associated with CNV formation (P = .04 and .03, respectively). Foveal location of rupture, multiple ruptures, and poor baseline VA were associated with failure to recover driving vision in univariate regression analyses. In multivariate analysis, rupture location and baseline VA were independently associated with visual outcome. Of 12 patients diagnosed with CNV, 5 were not treated, 4 were treated with argon laser photocoagulation, 1 was treated with surgery, 1 was treated with argon laser photocoagulation followed by surgery, and 1 was treated with verteporfin photodynamic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with traumatic choroidal rupture do not achieve final VA of 20/40 or better. Poor visual outcome was most highly associated with a macular rupture and baseline VA of less than 20/40. The formation of CNV was most strongly associated with older age and macular choroidal rupture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Choroidal neovascularization associated with choroidal hemangiomas.

Two patients with choroidal hemangiomas developed choroidal neovascularization. One patient with Sturge-Weber syndrome, a unilateral diffuse choroidal hemangioma, and a serous detachment of the macula was treated with yellow dye laser photocoagulation in a grid pattern to the tumor before glaucoma filtration surgery. Four years after successful laser treatment, the patient developed subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in an area of treatment. A second patient with a circumscribed choroidal hemangioma developed spontaneous subfoveal choroidal neovascularization 12 years after initial diagnosis of the hemangioma. The development of choroidal neovascularization associated with choroidal hemangiomas represents a potential cause of poor visual outcome in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

B-mode echography of choroidal melanoma; echographic and histological aspects of choroidal excavation.

The B-mode images of 32 patients affected with a malignant melanoma of the choroid were studied, in particular with respect to choroidal excavation. The degree of visibility of choroidal excavation at the B-scan was compared with the thickness of the choroid, scleral invasion, vascularisation, retinal detachment and the reflectivity of the tumour. None of these histological and echographical features appeared to be significantly related to the degree of the visibility of choroidal excavation. Also the condition of the choroid was studied. At examination of all the histological sections no choroid was found between tumour and sclera. This implies that choroidal excavation should be visible at echograms in every case instead of only in 75% of the cases as was found for our series.

Choroid↗
PubMed2003

Photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to choroidal nevus.

PURPOSE: To describe a patient treated with photodynamic therapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to choroidal nevus. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: A 61-year-old woman presented with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to choroidal nevus and best-corrected visual acuity of 20/50. The choroidal neovascularization was treated with two verteporfin photodynamic therapy sessions, separated by 3 months. RESULTS: The choroidal neovascularization was occluded after two sessions. Best-corrected visual acuity improved to 20/25 and remained stable throughout an 18-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: Photodynamic therapy seems to be an effective treatment for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to choroidal nevus.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed2002

Photodynamic effects on choroidal neovascularization and physiological choroid.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on perfusion and vascular integrity of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and collateral physiological choroid. METHODS: In a prospective clinical trial, patients with subfoveal CNV were treated with PDT and verteporfin. Indocyanine green angiography (ICG-A), using a confocal laser scanning system with tomographic sections, was performed continuously 1 week before and 1, 4, and 12 weeks after and a mean long-term follow-up of 16.5 months after the final PDT. Vascular changes were localized tomographically and quantified on the level of the CNV and collateral choroid according to early lesion size, late hyperfluorescence, and persistence or recurrence. Data were analyzed separately from 38 eyes in a single- and 12 eyes in a multiple-treatment regimen. RESULTS: CNV lesions were significantly reduced in size and late hyperfluorescence. However, 54% of lesions primarily demonstrated persistence, typically of the choroidal feeding complex, which was only detectable by ICG-A. Regrowth from the feeding vessel occurred regularly, but did not reach baseline dimensions. Collateral choroid exposed to photoactivation exhibited choriocapillary occlusion. Progressive recanalization was documented within 4 to 12 weeks after both single and multiple PDT. Residual changes in the choroidal filling pattern often persisted during long-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Tomographic ICG-A after PDT reveals persistence of CNV and/or the feeder vessel and a reduction in perfusion within the entire photosensitized area, including the surrounding choroid. Repair mechanisms occur slowly in neovascular and normal choroidal structures.

Capillaries↗
PubMed1998

Presumed choroidal granuloma with vitreous hemorrhage resembling choroidal melanoma.

This report describes a presumed choroidal granuloma with vitreous hemorrhage resembling choroidal melanoma. A healthy 31-year-old man, who had progressive vision loss in the right eye during 1 month, was found to have a yellow-white juxtapapillary choroidal mass. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated a choroidal neovascular membrane over the lesion. There was focal persistent hypofluorescence in the late phase of fluorescein angiography. The thickness of the lesion increased from 3.0 mm to 7.1 mm during 1 month. Subretinal and vitreous hemorrhage developed. The patient was suspected to have a choroidal granuloma and choroidal neovascular membrane, and was treated with oral steroids. Ten months later, the vitreous blood cleared completely with an attached retina. Control of inflammation may have a role in the treatment of idiopathic choroidal granulomas and some choroidal neovascular membranes secondary to ocular inflammation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Choroidal melanoma metastatic to the contralateral choroid.

PURPOSE: To report metastasis of choroidal melanoma to the contralateral choroid. METHODS: Interventional case report. In a 49-year-old Caucasian female, a primary choroidal melanoma, left eye, was diagnosed and treated with Ruthenium-106 plaque radiotherapy. The choroidal melanoma showed excellent regression with flattening of the mass and adjacent chorioretinal atrophy. RESULTS: Fifteen years after brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma, left eye, the patient developed a metastatic melanoma to the contralateral choroid as the first sign of metastasis. No history of oculo(dermal) melanocytosis or cutaneous melanoma existed. Systemic evaluation disclosed multiple metastases confined to the liver. CONCLUSION: Metastasis to the contralateral choroid can be the first sign of metastasis from choroidal melanoma.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1998

Presumed macular choroidal watershed vascular filling, choroidal neovascularization, and systemic vascular disease in patients with age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE: To investigate the possible association of presumed macular choroidal watershed vascular filling (PMWF), choroidal neovascularization, and systemic vascular disease in patients with age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: In a retrospective study, we evaluated 74 randomly selected indocyanine green videoangiograms of 74 patients with age-related macular degeneration. We also reviewed the charts of 20 randomly selected, age-matched control patients without age-related macular degeneration, initially referred for uniocular conditions, and subsequently performed indocyanine green videoangiography on their normal fellow eyes. We evaluated these videoangiograms for the presence of PMWF, manifesting as characteristic early choroidal hypofluorescence and its relation to choroidal neovascularization when present. Additionally, the incidence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and diabetes mellitus was determined. RESULTS: Forty-one (55.4%) of 74 patients with age-related macular degeneration vs three (15.0%) of 20 normal control patients exhibited PMWF on indocyanine green videoangiography (P = .0014). Of the 61 patients with age-related macular degeneration and choroidal neovascularization, 36 (59.0%) exhibited PMWF on videoangiography. Associated choroidal neovascularization arose from the PMWF zone in 33 (91.7%) of these cases. Hypertension was observed in 24 (58.5%) of 41 patients with age-related macular degeneration and PMWF vs nine (27.3%) of 33 patients with age-related macular degeneration who did not exhibit PMWF (P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: An increased incidence of PMWF occurs in patients with age-related macular degeneration with a possible predisposition for the development of associated choroidal neovascularization. Additionally, PMWF may be accentuated by associated hypertensive choroidal microvascular insult.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Iatrogenic choroidal neovascularisation following argon laser photocoagulation for choroidal malignant melanoma.

BACKGROUND: Choroidal neovascularisation is known to occur following photocoagulation for choroidal melanomas. Its occurrence rate, possible causes and clinical impact were studied. METHODS: Post-treatment fluorescein angiograms were reviewed from 18 patients who had received argon laser photocoagulation as sole treatment of their small choroidal melanomas, to look for choroidal neovascularisation. Where it was found an assessment of its clinical impact was made. RESULTS: choroidal neovascularisation was found in 50% of cases. Choroidoretinal neovascularisation, found in five patients, caused vitreous haemorrhage in one patient but was otherwise benign. Choroidovitreal neovascularisation was found in four patients. It occurred early and altered their clinical management. Three of these patients had a vitreous haemorrhage, one of whom also suffered a retinal detachment. The three diabetic patients in the series all developed aggressive choroidovitreal neovascularisation. Tumour size, tumours location and number of treatment sessions did not appear to affect the occurrence of choroidal reovascularisation, nor did other medical or ocular conditions except for diabetes. CONCLUSION: Choroidal neovascularisation occurs commonly after melanoma photocoagulation. Although sometimes benign, it can be aggressive, particularly in diabetic patients, in whom it might be better to consider different forms of tumour treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Choroidal detachment associated with malignant choroidal tumors.

The association of choroidal detachment with malignant choroidal tumors is not well recognized. The authors' experience with six cases suggests that choroidal detachment may be associated with both metastatic tumors and choroidal melanoma. In two of these cases, the choroidal or retinal detachment was so massive that echography was necessary to detect the underlying tumor. Three patients presented with painful visual loss, and three patients presented with painless visual loss or a visual field defect. In one patient, the correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the choroidal metastasis with external radiation relieved the patient's pain and improved visual acuity from 1/200 to 20/35. Metastatic and primary uveal malignant tumors should be added to the list of causes of choroidal detachment and can be excluded only after thorough clinical, and often echographic, examination.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

The choroid plexus of the mature and aging rat: the choroidal epithelium.

The choroid plexus of mature and old rats has been examined by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It has been shown that the macrophages lying upon the ventricular surface of the choroid plexus have a close association with burr-like protrusions that extend from the apical surfaces of the choroidal epithelial cells. These protrusions have a dark cytoplasm filled with vesicles and tubules, and projecting from them are thin, shrunken microvilli. It is suggested that these protrusions are phagocytosed by the macrophages and that they are the source of some of the inclusions which become increasingly common within the cytoplasm of macrophages in older rats. The lateral surfaces of the choroidal epithelial cells have also been examined in the scanning electron microscope after exposure of the surfaces by dissection. In such preparations it is apparent that the elaborate interdigitations between adjacent cells are effected by irregular and vertically arranged folds confined to the basal portions of the lateral cell surfaces. Lastly, it has been shown that at the junction between the choroid plexus and the ependyma in the lateral ventricle, there are two modes of transition between the choroidal and ependymal epithelia. In one, typical choroidal and ependymal epithelial cells lie next to each other to produce a distinct and continuous bondary. In the other mode the boundary is also continuous, but there are modified ependymal cells present. These modified cells have short, relatively sparsely distributed microvilli and not more than one or two cilia.

Aging↗
PubMed2006

The role of endoscopic choroid plexus coagulation in the surgical management of bilateral choroid plexuses hyperplasia.

BACKGROUND: Bilateral choroid plexus hyperplasia is a rare condition often associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) overproduction. CSF overproduction is usually so high that the placement of a CSF ventriculoperitoneal shunt almost always results in progressive ascites leading to the necessity of removing the inserted shunt device. A direct surgical treatment of the hyperplastic choroid plexuses is then mandatory. Endoscopic coagulation of the choroid plexuses has been recently proposed as an alternative to open surgical plexectomy. However, the effectiveness of the procedure in controlling CSF overproduction is still debated. TECHNIQUE: We report a case of bilateral choroid plexus hyperplasia in which an extensive bilateral endoscopic coagulation of the choroid plexuses failed to reduce the CSF formation rate sufficiently. A one-stage bilateral open surgical plexectomy was performed. RESULTS: The procedure succeeded to control CSF overproduction. Intraoperative blood loss during the surgical removal of the choroid plexuses was significantly reduced due to the previous coagulation of their surface. CONCLUSION: On these grounds, we suggest that endoscopic choroid plexuses coagulation, even when failing to normalize CSF production, may still be considered as a valid adjuvant procedure in the management of this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Successful treatment of a large choroidal abscess in an immunocompetent child. Treatment of a choroidal abscess.

BACKGROUND: We report the case of a systemically well 4-year-old Aboriginal boy who developed a choroidal abscess after being poked in the left eye with a blunt object. CASE REPORT: This boy presented with redness and reduced vision in the left eye after a blunt object was poked into his eye by his sibling. He was noted to have a choroidal mass which finally manifested as a choroidal abscess. RESULTS: His initial visual acuity was 6/60, and dilated fundus examination demonstrated a localised solid-appearing choroidal elevation involving the posterior pole, including the macula. An ultrasound of the eye revealed a choroidal haematoma with an atypical appearance, whose height was 8 mm with a base of 12 mm x 10 mm. The lesion failed to resolve, and eventually resulted in orbital cellulitis that did not respond to intravenous and topical antibiotic treatment. He then went on to achieve complete visual recovery after successful management by transcleral incision, drainage and systemic antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSION: Choroidal abscess has been described in patients who are debilitated, immunocompromised or suffer with systemic disease such as cystic fibrosis or endocarditis. This case represents a unique report of staphylococcal choroidal abscess in a healthy child that completely resolved after transcleral drainage and systemic antibiotics.

Abscess↗
PubMed2004

Macular translocation in patients with recurrent subfoveal choroidal neovascularization after laser photocoagulation for nonsubfoveal choroidal neovascularization.

PURPOSE: To report visual outcomes and to examine surgical factors affecting outcomes in patients undergoing macular translocation for recurrent subfoveal choroidal neovascularization after laser photocoagulation for nonsubfoveal choroidal neovascularization. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: A consecutive series of 31 eyes of 29 patients who underwent macular translocation for recurrent subfoveal choroidal neovascularization after laser photocoagulation for nonsubfoveal choroidal neovascularization. INTERVENTION: Inferior macular translocation with punctate retinotomy performed by a single surgeon. OUTCOME MEASURES: Surgical and visual outcomes at 3 and 6 months after surgery and complications data are reported. Associations between surgical factors and visual outcomes were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Effective translocation was achieved in 77.4% of eyes. At 6 months, 54% of eyes achieved visual acuity (VA) better than 20/100, and 46% of eyes gained the equivalent of > or =2 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study lines of vision. No association between size of recurrent choroidal neovascularization and visual outcome was identified. Eyes with a larger scar size experienced lower VA at 3 and 6 months, but scar size was not associated with change in VA at 3 and 6 months. Subretinal dissection during surgery to detach the macula was required in 8 of 31 eyes and was associated with a significantly increased incidence of peripheral retinal breaks. However, there was no difference in either VA or change in VA in eyes with and without subretinal dissection. Retinal detachment (RD) occurred in 6 of 31 eyes. No significant difference in the RD rate was observed between groups with or without subretinal dissection (P = 0.30). CONCLUSION: Our pilot data suggest that macular translocation can result in favorable surgical outcomes in patients with recurrent subfoveal choroidal neovascularization after laser photocoagulation for nonsubfoveal choroidal neovascularization. Use of subretinal dissection intraoperatively in these patients does not seem to affect visual outcome adversely, but may be associated with increased risk of peripheral retinal breaks.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of choroidal and ciliary nerve transection on choroidal blood flow, retinal health, and ocular enlargement.

Our previous studies suggested that reduced choroidal blood flow (CBF) occurs with manipulations that yield myopic eye growth and that these reductions are primarily a consequence of the ocular enlargement. We could not entirely rule out the possibility, however, that reductions in CBF are at least to some extent antecedent and causal to the ocular enlargement. We therefore in the present study examined the effects on eye size of artificially reducing CBF by unilaterally transecting the choroidal nerves of the ciliary ganglion in four-day-old chicks. For comparison, we also transected the ciliary nerves in a second group of chicks or transected both ciliary and choroidal nerves in a third group of chicks. The effects of the nerve transections were evaluated in comparison to the effects of the orbital surgery itself (without nerve transection) in a fourth group termed the sham-operated control group. Two weeks after transection, CBF was measured using laser Doppler velocimetry, the ocular axial, nasotemporal and dorsoventral lengths were measured, and the eyes weighed. The results showed that CBF in birds with either choroidal nerve cuts or choroidal plus ciliary nerve cuts was greatly reduced in the treated eye (20-40% of nontreated eye). The treated eyes of these birds also showed gross depigmentation and histologically evident loss of the outer retina, most typically in the temporal retina. Birds with ciliary nerve cuts showed increased CBF in both eyes (131% right eye and 154% left eye compared to shams). Since ciliary nerve cuts yield fixed dilated pupils, increased CBF with ciliary nerve cuts appears consistent with the previously reported involvement of the choroidal nerves within a neural circuit subserving light-mediated upregulation of CBF. Clear effects on eye size were observed in the treated eyes in each group. The sham surgery alone yielded slight enlargement of the right eye compared to left eye, particularly in the axial dimension. In the choroidal nerve and the both nerve cut groups, nasotemporal and dorsoventral elongation were slightly diminished in the treated eyes compared to the sham-treated eyes. In contrast, enlargement of the right eye was slightly enhanced in the ciliary nerve cut group compared to the sham-treated eyes. The overall results suggest that large decreases in CBF do not enhance myopic eye growth, although large increases in CBF may.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Uptake of 36Cl and 22Na by the choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid system: evidence for active chloride transport by the choroidal epithelium.

Cl and Na transport by the lateral ventricle (LVCP) and fourth ventricle (4VCP) choroid plexuses were examined by kinetic analysis of 36Cl and 22Na uptake into the choroid plexus-CSF system of the adult rat. Both radioisotopes required most than 5 h to reach steady-state distribution in the in vivo choroid plexuses and CSF after intraperitoneal injection. Whereas the LVCP and 4VCP 36Cl steady-state spaces were comparable (55--56%), the 4VCP 22Na space (39%) tended to be greater than the LVCP 22Na spaces (36%). No evidence for inexchangeable Cl or Na was found for the choroid plexuses; the radioisotopic and chemical spaces were not significantly different. Choroid plexus 36Cl and 22Na uptake curves were resolved into two components, a fast component (t1/2 0.02--0.05 h) and a slow component (t1/2 0.85--1.93 h). By analysis of the distribution of [3H]inulin, [3H]mannitol, and 51Cr-tagged erythrocytes within the choroid plexuses, the fast component of 36Cl and 22Na uptake was found to represent extracellular and erythrocyte contributions to the tissue radioactivity, whereas the slow component represented isotope movement into the epithelial cell compartment. The calculated cell [Cl] of LVCP and 4VCP, 67 mmol/kg cell water, was 3.9 times greater than that predicted by the membrane potential for passive distribution. It is postulated that Cl is actively transported into the choroid epithelial cell across the basolateral membrane; the energy source for active Cl transport may be the Na electrochemical potential gradient (approximately 90 mV), which is twice that of the Cl electrochemical potential gradient (approximately 45 mV).

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Choroidal metastases and choroidal melanomas: comparison of ultrasonographic findings.

AIMS: The purpose of the study was to analyse, whether the shape and the height to base ratio in B-scan ultrasonography are appropriate to differentiate choroidal melanomas from metastases. METHODS: Between 1991 and 1996 16 eyes of 16 patients with choroidal metastases from breast carcinomas and 66 eyes of 66 patients with choroidal melanomas were evaluated ultrasonographically. The diagnosis of choroidal melanoma has been confirmed histologically in all eyes. Irradiated tumours were excluded from the study. Fisher's exact test and chi 2 test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Choroidal metastases demonstrated a significantly lower height to base ratio in B-scan (mean 0.18, SD 0.08) than melanomas (mean 0.6 (0.16); p < 0.001). A polygonal tumour surface was significantly more frequent in metastases (13 out of 16 metastases and in six out of 66 melanomas, p < 0.001). A choroidal excavation could be demonstrated in 38 melanomas and in no metastatic tumour (p < 0.001). The reflectivity was significantly higher in metastases than in melanomas. CONCLUSION: The combined use of height to base ratio and reflectivity enables a highly significant discrimination between choroidal melanomas and metastases from the breast, thus probably constituting appropriate variables for the clinical differentiation.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Rat choroid plexus specializes in the synthesis and the secretion of transthyretin (prealbumin). Regulation of transthyretin synthesis in choroid plexus is independent from that in liver.

Synthesis of total protein and of transthyretin in rat choroid plexus was studied by measuring the incorporation of radioactive leucine into proteins in choroid plexus tissue incubated in vitro. About 20% of the protein newly synthesized in choroid plexus and about 50% of the newly synthesized protein secreted into the medium was transthyretin. Evidently, the choroid plexus is very active in the biosynthesis of this carrier protein for thyroid hormones and could be an important link in the chemical communication between the body and the central nervous system. Acute inflammation, which leads to a profound rearrangement of the pattern of plasma protein synthesis rates in the liver, produced distinct changes in the levels for plasma protein mRNAs in the liver. The levels of the mRNAs for alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and major acute phase alpha 1-protein increased more than 30-fold, those for transthyretin and albumin decreased to 27 and 57% of normal, respectively. The pattern of the observed changes in the levels of mRNAs for plasma proteins in the liver was independent of whether the acute inflammation was produced by subcutaneous injection of turpentine or intraperitoneal injection of a suspension of talcum. However, levels of transthyretin mRNA in choroid plexus were affected only very slightly, or not at all. Apparently, transthyretin synthesis in liver and choroid plexus is regulated independently during the acute phase response. No mRNA was detected in choroid plexus for albumin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and major acute phase alpha 1-protein under any conditions.

Animals↗