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Results for “Child, Institutionalized”

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PubMed2001

[The experience of institutionalized children].

The aim of this study was to know the experience of the institutionalized child and was guided by the theoretical referential of the "Symbolic Interactionism" and by the methodological referential of the "Grounded Theory". The data had been collected in two stages: the first one understood group activities and second stage consisted of personal interviews. The results had shown that the institutionalization occurred for abandonment and reject of the parents or for legal decision as a measure of child protection, having as context the poverty of its family. The child's experience is conflicting in relation to being institutionalized, because while he/she perceives the necessity of material gain, they miss their family, their home, their friends, and simply life outside.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Uruguay on the world stage: how child health became an international priority.

The evolution of international health has typically been assessed from the standpoint of central institutions (international health organizations, foundations, and development agencies) or of one-way diffusion and influence from developed to developing countries. To deepen understanding of how the international health agenda is shaped, I examined the little-known case of Uruguay and its pioneering role in advancing and institutionalizing child health as an international priority between 1890 and 1950. The emergence of Uruguay as a node of international health may be explained through the country's early gauging of its public health progress, its borrowing and adaptation of methods developed overseas, and its broadcasting of its own innovations and shortcomings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[The place of institutions for the mentally deficient].

The institutions, more and more adjusted to the age and the specific handicap of the mentally deficients, attempt to provide an harmonious education. In order to do so, they have to resolve many problems: problems of the handicapped children, who are confronted to a new and very different life-style as well as to a large number of adults who will be taking care of them; problems of the parents, who are badly informed about the institutional methods; problems of the public to whom the existence of the medicoeducational centers gives good conscience; problems of the staff, called to work in a pluridisciplinary team and whose effeciency depends on its cohesion. Such teams should also include the parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Quasi-autistic patterns following severe early global privation. English and Romanian Adoptees (ERA) Study Team.

Six per cent of child in a sample of 111 children who were adopted into U.K. families from Romania, and who were systematically assessed at the ages of 4 and 6 years, showed autistic-like patterns of behaviour. A further 6% showed milder (usually isolated) autistic features. Such autistic characteristics were not found in a similarly studied sample of 52 children adopted in the first 6 months of life within the U.K. The children from Romania with autistic patterns showed clinical features closely similar to "ordinary" autism at 4 years but they differed with respect to the improvement seen by age 6 years, to an equal sex ratio, and to a normal head circumference. The children from Romania with autistic features tended to differ from the other Romanian adoptees with respect to a greater degree of cognitive impairment and a longer duration of severe psychological privation.

Adoption↗
PubMed2000

Health of children adopted from China.

OBJECTIVE: Since 1989, American parents have adopted 18 846 Chinese children. This study assesses the health and developmental status of these children after their arrival in the United States. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 452 children (443 girls) in 2 groups were evaluated. The clinic group children (n = 192) included all Chinese adoptees seen in an international adoption clinic between 1991 and 1998. The travel group comprised 260 of 325 Chinese children placed by a single Massachusetts adoption agency between 1991 and 1996 whose adoptive parents and American physicians responded to mailed questionnaires. One hundred ninety-one of the travel group children were cared for by 1 of us (N.W.H.) during the adoption process in China. RESULTS: Growth and developmental delays were frequent in the clinic group. Z scores </=-2 were found in 39% of children for height, 18% for weight, and 24% for head circumference. The duration of orphanage confinement was inversely proportional to the linear height lag (r =.9), with a loss of 1 month of height age for every 2. 86 months in the orphanage. Of the children, 75% had significant developmental delay in at least 1 domain: gross motor in 55%, fine motor in 49%, cognitive in 32%, language in 43%, social-emotional in 28%, activities of daily living in 30%, and global delays in 44%. The incidence of medical problems was similar in both groups of children (travel group and clinic group). Overall, among the 452 children, elevated lead levels were found in 14%, anemia in 35%, abnormal thyroid function tests in 10%, hepatitis B surface antigen in 6%, hepatitis B surface antibody in 22%, intestinal parasites (usually Giardia) in 9%, and positive skin test results for tuberculosis in 3.5%. One child each had hepatitis C exposure and congenital syphilis. No child had human immunodeficiency virus infection. Unsuspected significant medical diagnoses, including hearing loss, orthopedic problems, and congenital anomalies, were found in 18% (81/452) of the children. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese adoptees display a similar pattern of growth and developmental delays and medical problems as seen in other groups of internationally adopted children. An exception is the increased incidence of elevated lead levels (overall 14%). Although serious medical and developmental issues were found among the children, overall their condition was better than expected based on recent publicity about conditions in the Chinese orphanages. The long-term outcome of these children remains unknown. China, adoption, orphanage, institutionalized child.

Adoption↗
PubMed1977

Hyperserotonemia and amine metabolites in autistic and retarded children.

Mean whole blood serotonin (5-HT) levels were elevated in groups of autistic and severely retarded children. Eight of 27 (30%) individual autistic children, 13 of 25 (52%) severely retarded children, two of 23 (9%) mildly retarded children, and none of the control children had statistically significant blood 5-HT levels elevations (hyperserotonemia). Hyperserotonemic autistic children excreted more urinary 5-HT, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), tryptamine, and vanillylmandelic acid than did mildly retarded children with normal blood 5-HT levels. Rates of depletion and repletion of blood 5-HT levels in these two groups following reserpine therapy were identical. Oral tryptophan administration doubled urinary 5-HIAA excretion in both groups and raised urinary 5-HT levels in hyperserotonemic autistic children, but lowered urinary 5-HT in mildly retarded, normal blood 5-HT children. No clear mechanism for hyperserotonemia was found; the rationale for further investigations is discussed.

Adolescent↗