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[Cytogenetic study of six species or sub-species of mangabeys monkeys (Papiinae, Cercopithecidae) (author's transl)].

Chromosome banding patterns of six Mangabey species or sub-species are studied and compared. By comparison with the other Papiinae previously studied (Papio and Macaca) Lophocebus albigena and L. aterrimus possess very similar karyotypes, differing a most by a pericentric inversion of the Y chromosome. The other four, Cercocebus torquatus torquatus, C. t. fuliginosus, C. galeritus galeritus and C. g. chrysogaster differ by a complex rearrangement of chromosome no. 10 and by acquisition of heterochromatin on chromosome no 12. No difference was detected nor between the two Lophocebus nor between the four Cercocebus. Cytogenetic criteria age thus in agreement with the morphological, immunological and hematological data, separating the two genuses, and placing Lophocebus closer to the Papio and Macaca than to Cercocebus.

Animals

Mathematical outline-analysis of eminence and fossa of the TMJ of Cercopithecus aethiops (Cercopithecidae, primates, Mammalia).

The contours of the eminence and the fossa of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of Cercopithecus aethiops, a monkey species, are analyzed in sagittal-vertical sections. The functionally relevant contours can be approximated by catenates for both the eminence as the protrusive guidance and the fossa as the retrusive guidance. This study reveals the more general character of the contour formula y = a cosh(x/a) - a. This may be true because all these catenates are similar to one another and since they can be found in the guiding contours of the components of the stomatognatic system in man as well as in Cercopithecus aethiops.

Animals

Species of the genus Papio (Cercopithecidae, primates) as subjects of biomedical research: II. Quantitative characteristics of contemporary use of baboon species in medical and biological investigations.

Independence of the five Papio species is evaluated. Baboons appear to be more similar to man than are other monkey species, which makes them a desirable model for use in experimental research to approximate human health conditions. They are, however, used less widely than macaques. Publications on baboons account for 10.3% of literature on the use of primates in experimental research. Baboons were most intensively used in surgery, then in hematology, cardiology, endocrinology. They were most rarely used in stomatology and in studies on infectious diseases.

Animals

Preliminary electron microscopic observations on ependymal cells in the caudal segment of the filum terminale and the ampulla caudalis of Macaca fascicularis and Cercopithecus griseoviridis (primates, Cercopithecidae).

In a previous paper, the concept of the terminal organ (TO) of the subcommissural complex was forwarded. Functionally this complex is a neuro (glio-) hemal organ which serves to discharge the Reissner's secretory material into the systemic circulation. The TO is characterized by structural specializations that make feasible the discharge and chemical decomposition of the secretory material stowed in the massa caudalis (MC). The TO is probably not only the ampulla caudalis (AC); it may comprise even parts of the filum terminale next to the AC. The boundary of the TO is uncertain as yet. It cannot be precluded that the AC, which itself varies in shape and size, is just a receptaculum massae caudalis. The material of the MC escapes from the AC either through apertures of the wall of the AC or of the filum terminale (Neuropori caudalis, slit-shaped gaps). It is also likely that the secretory material becomes chemically decomposed in the AC and is intra- (trans-) cellularly discharged. In this connexion, certain ependymal cells may be of significance. These cells exhibit large, tongue-shaped central projections (temporarily developed?) which bear a considerable number of long microvilli. The significance of these cells probably lies in the enlargement of the cell surface bathing in the CSF which contains the MC. These cells are most abundant in the area of the TO; single, isolated cells of the same type occur in other areas of the ependyma of some primates. This would indicate that the TO does not contain special types of cells not found in other parts of the ependyma, but that the TO differs from other ependymal regions in the density of peculiar cell types.

Animals