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PubMedDate not supplied

Ofloxacin versus cephalexin in the treatment of skin, skin structure, and soft-tissue infections in adults.

A multicenter study was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of oral ofloxacin with that of cephalexin in microbiologic eradication of skin and skin-structure pathogens and the clinical treatment of skin and skin-structure infections. The subjects, 335 adult patients with acute localized infections of the skin, skin structure, or soft tissue, were randomly assigned to receive 400 mg of ofloxacin orally every 12 hours or 500 mg of cephalexin orally every six hours for 10 days. At admission, 398 aerobic pathogens were isolated, the most common being Staphylococcus aureus (160 isolates), Streptococcus pyogenes (49), coagulase-negative staphylococci (30), Staphylococcus epidermidis (25), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10). Of 317 isolates tested against ofloxacin, 96% were susceptible, and of 325 tested against cephalexin, 85% were susceptible (P less than 0.001). Microbiologic and clinical outcome were evaluated in 73 ofloxacin-treated patients and in 65 cephalexin-treated patients. The causative pathogens were eradicated in 95% of the ofloxacin group and in 92% of the cephalexin group. In the ofloxacin group, 75% were clinically cured and 23% improved, and in the cephalexin group, 74% and 23%, respectively. Drug-related adverse experiences were reported by 14% of the 161 ofloxacin-treated patients and by 11% of the 162 cephalexin-treated patients; gastrointestinal disturbances were reported by 8% and 7% and nervous system effects by 6% and 1%, respectively (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that both ofloxacin and cephalexin are safe and effective in the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Penetration of antibiotic into interstitial tissue fluid following parenteral administration of lysine cephalexin.

Serum and interstitial fluid levels of antibiotic have been measured at various times following i.m. administration of equivalent doses of lysine cephalexin and sodium ampicillin, in a cross-over design, to dogs fitted with s.c. implanted silastic "tissue cages" and the results subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis. Serum concentrations of cephalexin were consistently higher than those of ampicillin and elimination half-lives were calculated as 1.73 h and 0.87 h, respectively. The rate of appearance of cephalexin in the interstitial fluid (Ka 1.741 h-1 was faster than that for ampicillin (Ka 0.946 h-1) and the maximum concentration obtained also proved to be higher. The half-life of cephalexin in the interstitial fluid (6.79 h) was almost four times longer than that in serum whereas that of ampicillin (2.03 h) was only a little more than twice as long. As a consequence a greater concentration and retention in interstitial fluid was obtained with cephalexin at all times tested. Since the interstitial fluid levels of cephalexin were still relatively high 8-12 h after the administration of a single dose repeated administration of lysine cephalexin 2 or 3 times daily is expected to result in a beneficial accumulation of cephalexin in the interstitial fluid.

Ampicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative evaluation of cefadroxil and cephalexin in children and adolescents with pyodermas. Cefadroxil Once Daily Pyoderma Study Group.

This randomized, multicenter study compared the safety and efficacy of cefadroxil with that of cephalexin for the treatment of pyodermas in children and adolescents (1-18 years of age). Cefadroxil was given as a single oral daily dose of 30 mg/kg, and cephalexin 30 mg/kg/day was given in two divided doses. The maximum daily dose for both drugs was 1 gm, and treatment was administered for 10 days. Clinical and bacteriologic evaluations were made on days 4 or 5 during therapy and 2 to 4 days after therapy was completed. Of the 462 patients enrolled in the study, 156 patients in the cefadroxil group and 133 patients in the cephalexin group were evaluable. Staphylococcus aureus (56% of isolates) and Streptococcus pyogenes (39% of isolates) were isolated most frequently. The bacteriologic response was statistically greater in the patients treated with cefadroxil than in those treated with cephalexin (96% versus 89%; P = 0.042). A satisfactory clinical response was reported in 147 (94%) cefadroxil-treated patients and 122 (92%) cephalexin-treated patients (P = 0.476). The overall effective response to treatment was significantly higher with cefadroxil than with cephalexin (94% versus 86%; P = 0.024). Compliance with 9 or 10 days of therapy was similar in both treatment groups, although there was a difference between the two treatment groups with respect to completion of medication regimen: 95% of patients taking cefadroxil once daily--versus 65% of patients taking cephalexin twice daily--took 100% of their medication (P < 0.0001). Adverse events were infrequent and mild. The results of this study demonstrate that once-daily cefadroxil offers greater bacteriologic eradication and a better overall effective response than twice-daily cephalexin for the treatment of pyodermas caused by gram-positive pathogens in children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Double-blind, double-dummy comparison of azithromycin and cephalexin in the treatment of skin and skin structure infections.

In this double-blind, randomised trial conducted in 22 centres in the USA, azithromycin given over five days, as a once-a-day regimen, (500 mg on day 1, 250 mg on days 2-5) was compared with cephalexin (500 mg b.i.d.) given for ten days in the treatment of patients with skin and skin structure infections. A total of 366 patients entered the study and 179 of these were eligible for the efficacy analysis. The overall clinical response to azithromycin was 94.0%, compared with 95.8% for cephalexin. The clinical cure rates were 53.0% for azithromycin and 59.4% for cephalexin; the respective improvement rates were 41.0% and 36.5%. Distribution of response (cured, improved, failed) was similar in each group (p = 0.37). The bacteriological eradication rate for azithromycin-treated patients was 94.2% and for cephalexin-treated patients was 90.3% (p = 0.34). Clinical and bacteriological response was similar in each group for all primary diagnoses. The two antibiotics were well tolerated, the overall incidence of side effects being 13.7% with approximately 60% due to gastrointestinal disturbances. In all but one case (cephalexin) the severity of the reported side effects was mild or moderate. Six patients withdrew from the study due to treatment-related events; five had been treated with azithromycin and one with cephalexin. In summary, a five-day, once-daily regimen of azithromycin was as effective as a ten-day, twice-daily regimen of cephalexin in the treatment of patients with skin and skin structure infections.

Abscess↗
PubMed1989

Carrier-mediated transport system for cephalexin in human placental brush-border membrane vesicles.

The uptake of cephalosporin antibiotics, cephalexin, was studied with brush-border microvillous plasma membrane vesicles prepared and purified from human full-term placental syncytiotrophoblasts. The uptake of cephalexin by the membrane vesicles was not stimulated in the presence of an Na+ gradient from the outside to the inside of the vesicles, whereas alpha-(methylamino)isobutyrate uptake into the vesicles of the same preparation was stimulated by an Na+ gradient. The equilibrium level of cephalexin uptake decreased with increasing osmolarity of the medium, which indicates that cephalexin is transported into the membrane vesicles. When cephalexin concentrations were varied, the initial rate of uptake obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Km and Vmax values of 2.29 mM and 2.98 nmol/mg of protein per 60 s, respectively. The uptake of cephalexin was inhibited by structural analogues and sulfhydryl modifying reagents. These results indicate the existence of a carrier-mediated transport system for cephalexin in the human placental brush-border membranes.

Biological Transport, Active↗
PubMed2006

Topical retapamulin ointment (1%, wt/wt) twice daily for 5 days versus oral cephalexin twice daily for 10 days in the treatment of secondarily infected dermatitis: results of a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: New antibacterial agents with activity against pathogenic strains resistant to established antibiotics are needed to treat patients with secondarily infected dermatitis (SID). OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the clinical safety and efficacy of topical retapamulin ointment 1% versus oral cephalexin for the treatment of SID. METHODS: Patients with SID were randomly assigned to retapamulin ointment 1% (twice daily [bid]) for 5 days, or oral cephalexin (500 mg bid) for 10 days. The primary efficacy end point was clinical response at follow-up. Secondary outcomes included microbiologic response at follow-up, safety, and compliance. RESULTS: Retapamulin was as effective as cephalexin (clinical success rates at follow-up: 85.9% and 89.7%, respectively). Microbiologic success rates at follow-up were 87.2% for retapamulin and 91.8% for cephalexin. Retapamulin was well tolerated and the topical formulation was preferred over the oral drug. LIMITATIONS: An imbalance existed in the number of patients with the clinical outcome "unable to determine" (15 retapamulin, 2 cephalexin), mainly because of their failure to attend the study visit. If those who failed to attend visits (who did not withdraw as a result of drug-related events) are removed from the analysis, the clinical success rates are 89.9% for retapamulin and 89.7% for cephalexin. CONCLUSIONS: Retapamulin ointment 1% (bid) for 5 days was as effective as oral cephalexin (bid) for 10 days in treatment of patients with SID, and was well tolerated.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1994

Single-dose fosfomycin trometamol versus 5-day cephalexin regimen for treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in women.

A randomized study was conducted to assess the clinical and microbiological efficacies of a single 3-g dose of fosfomycin trometamol for the treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in women compared with a 5-day regimen of cephalexin at 0.5 g four times daily. One hundred twelve women, all of whom had documented infections with bacteria sensitive to both antibiotics, were included. Fifty-eight women received fosfomycin trometamol, and 54 women received cephalexin. The two groups did not differ in age, severity, or duration of current urinary tract infection, menstrual status, sexual activity, or use of contraceptives. Ninety percent of pathogens in the fosfomycin trometamol group and 81% in the cephalexin group were Escherichia coli (the difference is not significant [NS]). A clinical evaluation at the 5-day follow-up showed that 91% of the women in each group were free of symptoms, while five women in each group were considered therapy failures and were treated by another antibiotic course. A microbiological evaluation at the 5-day follow-up showed a 91% eradication rate in the fosfomycin trometamol group and an 83% eradication rate in the cephalexin group (NS). At the 1-month follow-up, a clinical evaluation demonstrated prolonged resolution in 86 and 78%, respectively, of the participating women (NS). A microbiological evaluation at 1 month demonstrated prolonged eradication in 47 (81%) women treated with fosfomycin trometamol and in 37 (68%) women treated with cephalexin (NS). Three and six women, respectively, had relapsed. No adverse reactions were reported by the fosfomycin trometamol-treated women, while three women treated with cephalexin reported mild adverse reactions but completed the study period. Fosfomycin trometamol in a single 3-g dose is as effective as a 5-day regimen of cephalexin for the treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection in women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Chronic nifedipine dosing enhances cephalexin bioavailability and intestinal absorption in conscious rats.

Cephalexin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, is rapidly absorbed via the di-and tripeptide intestinal transporters, as for many peptidomimetic drugs. Acute nifedipine has been shown to increase intestinal absorption of several beta-lactams: amoxicillin and cefixime in humans, and cephalexin in the rat. We showed previously that the nervous system was involved in the increasing effect of nifedipine on cephalexin intestinal absorption in anesthetized rats. The aim of the present study was 2-fold: 1) to investigate whether the effect of nifedipine is maintained in conscious rats, and 2) to determine whether the nifedipine effect will persist during chronic nifedipine administration. Acute and chronic oral administration of nifedipine significantly increased oral cephalexin area under the plasma concentration-time curve (34 and 25%, respectively) and maximum concentration in plasma (57 and 51%, respectively), while the distribution and elimination parameters of intra-arterial cephalexin were not affected by acute or chronic nifedipine administration. In conclusion, acute nifedipine effect on intestinal absorption of cephalexin is independent of anesthesia in rats. Since nifedipine could still enhance cephalexin intestinal absorption after a 7-day b.i.d. treatment, it can be envisaged to apply this effect to increase bioavailability of poorly absorbed peptidomimetic drugs in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A multicenter comparison of related pharmacologic features of cephalexin and dicloxacillin given for two months to young children with cystic fibrosis.

Twenty-one cystic fibrosis patients under 3 years of age were enrolled in an open multicenter study to assess the feasibility of the study design and to compare selected pharmacologic features of cephalexin or dicloxacillin administered orally for 2 months. Patient tolerance and compliance were significantly less for dicloxacillin (p less than .01 and p less than .001, respectively). Superficial Candida infections were more common in the cephalexin group (p = 0.02), however increased stool frequency and nonspecific diaper rashes were more prevalent in patients receiving dicloxacillin (p less than .05). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from respiratory secretions after 2 months from two dicloxacillin and no cephalexin patients. Areas under the curve and peak serum concentrations were higher for cephalexin (p less than .05 and p = .02), but antistaphylococcal activity in serum was higher for dicloxacillin (p less than .05) due to a lower mean MIC compared to cephalexin. Deep pharyngeal plus routine throat culture yielded more pathogens than either method alone. Express mail and central processing of respiratory specimens was efficient for most organisms, however there was some loss of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Cephalexin was associated with better patient acceptance and compliance despite higher rates of superficial fungal infections as compared to dicloxacillin. Cephalexin, routine bacteriologic throat swabs processed locally or centrally, mail-in urine compliance assessment and a multicenter design are feasible components for a long-term prospective evaluation of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

The pharmacology of cephalexin.

Cephalexin has an antimicrobial spectrum that includes those pathogens most frequently encountered in clinical practice. It is useful in the treatment of infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract, skin and soft tissue, and the genitourinary tract. It can be administered in relatively high oral doses without gastrointestinal irritation, and because it is absorbed high in the intestinal tract, it does not disturb the lower bowel flora. Because of its stability and chemical configuration, it causes a very low incidence of allergy. Cephalexin is not absorbed from the stomach but is totally and rapidly absorbed in the upper intestine. Children, because of their greater body water turnover, may need higher doses per kilogram than those used in treating adults. Distribution to the tissues, other than the spinal fluid and aqueous humour, is rapidly achieved. Cephalexin does not penetrate into the host tissue cells, which probably accounts for its low incidence of side effects. Binding to human serum proteins is low, and there is no measurable destruction or metabolism of cephalexin during its sojourn in the body fluids. Cephalexin is rapidly cleared from the body by the kidneys. Seventy to 100% of the dose is found in the urine 6-8 hr after each dose. Concentrations of 500-1000 micrograms/ml of urine follow 250 to 500 mg oral doses of cephalexin, many times greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration for the usual urinary tract pathogens. Patients with creatinine clearances less than 30 ml/min require a reduction in cephalexin dosage. This reduction should be proportional to the reduced function which may be established by determination of creatinine clearance or serum creatinine.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The antimicrobial activity of cephalexin against old and new pathogens.

The present report reviews the significant in vitro characteristics of cephalexin based on data published since 1967 (Wick, 1967). Whenever possible, current data on the action spectrum of cephalexin are compared with previous results, and the significance of in vitro activity to therapeutic efficacy is evaluated in the light of current clinical reports. Recent observations are presented on the in vitro action of cephalexin against newly recognized bacterial pathogens, such as beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis (formerly Neisseria catarrhalis). Data are presented on the stability of cephalexin to various beta-lactamases. Current information on the types of penicillin-binding proteins that interact with cephalexin is briefly noted. Finally, consideration is given to the effects of inoculum density on the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of cephalexin. The continued utility of the 30 micrograms cephalothin-class disc to predict cephalexin susceptibility is emphasized.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

Cephalexin for susceptible bacteriuria in afebrile, long-term catheterized patients.

Patients with long-term indwelling urethral catheters are subject to acute and long-term complications of bacteriuria. To evaluate the common practice of short-course antibiotic therapy in such patients, we performed a randomized controlled trial of ten-day courses of cephalexin monohydrate repeated whenever a susceptible bacteriuria was present. We observed 17 cephalexin group patients for 545 patient-weeks (160 cephalexin courses) and 18 control group patients for 477 patient-weeks. Throughout the study, the groups were comparable in regard to incidence and prevalence of bacteriuria, number of bacterial strains per weekly urine specimen, incidence of febrile days, and incidence of obstructed catheters. In the cephalexin group, the frequency of fever during periods when antibiotics were being used was similar to that during periods when antibiotics were not being used. More cephalexin-resistant bacteria were isolated from cephalexin group patients. Routine treatment with cephalexin of asymptomatic long-term catheterized patients, even for susceptible organisms, does not seem to be warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1968

Cephalexin and cephaloglycin activity in vitro and absorption and urinary excretion of single oral doses in normal young adults.

A large number of recently isolated bacterial pathogens were tested for susceptibility to cephalexin and cephaloglycin by the replica inoculating method. Strains of group A hemolytic streptococci, viridans (alpha and gamma) streptococci, pneumococci, gonococci, meningococci, and penicillin G-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus were all moderately to highly susceptible to both of these cephalosporin analogues, nearly all of the strains being two to eight (median four) times more susceptible to cephaloglycin than to cephalexin. The penicillin G-resistant, penicillinase-producing strains of S. aureus varied in their susceptibility; many were moderately resistant to both analogues, particularly to cephalexin. Strains of enterococci, Haemophilus influenzae, and most of the common gram-negative bacilli were moderately to highly resistant. Reducing the size of the inoculum had variable effects on inhibition by these drugs, depending on the species or strain. The activity of cephalexin was very little affected by pH of the medium within the clinical range or by incubation at 37 C in broth for up to 24 hr. In contrast, cephaloglycin in broth deteriorated rapidly at 37 C, and its activity was markedly reduced in alkaline medium. Both cephalexin and cephaloglycin were rapidly absorbed and excreted into the urine after single oral doses of 500 mg. Much higher levels were achieved and sustained with the former. Absorption of both analogues was delayed when taken with food, and the levels in the serum were significantly higher and better sustained when probenecid was also given. Very high concentrations of cephalexin were excreted into the urine during the first 4 hr, and the levels were still high in the 4- to 8-hr collection. The concentrations of cephaloglycin in the urine at these times were much lower. An average of 80 to 93% of the dose of cephalexin and 25 to 30% of the cephaloglycin were accounted for as active drug in the urine collected in 8 hr. Both analogues were well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1969

In vitro antimicrobial activity and human pharmacology of cephalexin, a new orally absorbed cephalosporin C antibiotic.

Concentrations of cephalexin (an orally absorbed derivative of cephalosporin C) in serum and urine were determined in normal volunteers and patients. The in vitro antibacterial activity was also studied. All strains of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and Diplococcus pneumoniae were inhibited by 3.1 mug/ml. Of the Staphylococcus aureus strains, 88% were inhibited by 6.3 mug/ml, and 12.5 mug/ml was inhibitory for all S. aureus, 80% of Escherichia coli, 72% of Klebsiella-Aerobacter, and 56% of Proteus mirabilis strains. About 90 to 96% of E. coli, Klebsiella Aerobacter, and P. mirabilis strains were inhibited by 25 mug of cephalexin per ml. Pseudomonas and indole-positive Proteus strains proved to be quite resistant to cephalexin. Cephalexin was well absorbed after oral administration. A peak serum concentration of cephalexin of at least 5 mug/ml was achieved in each volunteer with 250 and 500-mg doses. A mean peak serum concentration of 7.7 mug/ml was achieved with 250-mg doses; 12.3mug/ml was achieved with 500-mg doses of antibiotic. Food did not interfere with absorption. Probenecid enhanced both the peak serum concentration and the duration of antibiotic activity in the serum. Over 90% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine within 6 hr. The mean peak serum concentration of cephalexin after an oral dose of 500 mg was adequate to inhibit all group A streptococci, D. pneumoniae, and S. aureus, 85% of E. coli, and about 40 to 75% of Klebsiella-Aerobacter and P. mirabilis strains. Levels of cephalexin in urine were adequate to inhibit over 90% of E. coli, and P. mirabilis and 80 to 96% of Klebsiella-Aerobacter strains.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed2000

Failure of treatment with cephalexin for Lyme disease.

CONTEXT: Lyme disease typically presents with a skin lesion called erythema migrans (EM), which though often distinctive in appearance may be confused with cellulitis. The first-generation cephalosporin, cephalexin monohydrate, is effective for treating bacterial cellulitis but has not been recommended or studied for treating Lyme disease because of poor in vitro activity. OBJECTIVE: To describe the outcome of patients with EM who were treated with cephalexin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients presenting with EM to the Lyme Disease Diagnostic Center in Westchester, NY (May 1992-September 1997). A 2-mm punch biopsy specimen of the leading edge of the EM lesion and/or blood was cultured for Borrelia burgdorferi. RESULTS: Eleven (2.8%) of 393 study patients had been initially treated with cephalexin prior to our evaluation; 9 (82%) were originally diagnosed with cellulitis. Cephalexin was administered for 8.6 days (range, 2-21 days) prior to presentation. All 11 patients had clinical evidence of disease progression, including 8 whose rash enlarged, 2 who developed seventh-nerve palsy (1 with new EM lesions), and 1 who developed new EM lesions. Borrelia burgdorferi grew in cultures from 5 patients despite a mean of 9.8 days of treatment with cephalexin (range, 5-21 days). CONCLUSION: Cephalexin should not be used to treat early Lyme disease and should be prescribed with caution during the summer months for patients believed to have cellulitis in locations where Lyme disease is endemic.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A pharmacokinetic comparison of cephalexin and cefadroxil using HPLC assay procedures.

The pharmacokinetics of cephalexin and cefadroxil were compared following single 500 mg oral doses to 12 healthy male volunteers. Doses were administered after an overnight fast according to a crossover design. Plasma and urinary levels of both compounds were determined by HPLC procedures. Cephalexin was absorbed rapidly, achieving a mean peak plasma level of 17.5 micrograms ml-1 at 1 h, compared to 16 micrograms ml-1 at 1.8 h for cefadroxil. Elimination half-lives of cephalexin and cefadroxil were 0.7 and 1.1 h, respectively. The area under the cefadroxil plasma curve was significantly larger than that for cephalexin. However, after allowing for differences in elimination rate constants and assuming equal distribution volumes, plasma data indicated the compounds were equally well absorbed. Only 70 per cent of cefadroxil was recovered in urine compared to 87 per cent of cephalexin during the 12 h following drug administration. The therapeutic significance of the different pharmacokinetic characteristics of cephalexin and cefadroxil, if any, may be a function also of their pharmacologic activity and/or the sensitivity of the target organism.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of bacterial prostatitis. Comparison of cephalexin and minocycline.

The relative safety and efficacy of minocycline and cephalexin were examined in patients with acute or chronic prostatitis. The multicenter study was of single-blind, parallel-group design. Forty-two men received minocycline (200-mg initial dose followed by 100 mg twice daily) and 44, cephalexin (500 mg four times daily); each antibiotic was administered orally for four weeks. A follow-up period of patient assessment extended for an additional six weeks. Evaluable data were available for 20 minocycline-treated patients and for 24 cephalexin-treated patients. Clinical cure or improvement without recurrence was seen in 65 per cent of the patients who received minocycline and in 46 per cent of those given cephalexin. Bacteriologic cure without relapse or reinfection occurred in 45 per cent of the minocycline-treated men and in 21 per cent of the cephalexin-treated men. Serious adverse clinical experiences were not encountered in either treatment group. Although several factors, mainly the small number of patients, precluded a statistical analysis of comparative efficacy, it was evident that more patients in the minocycline-treated group had both clinical and bacteriologic cures (35%) than did those in the cephalexin-treated group (21%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Controlled release of cephalexin through gellan gum beads: effect of formulation parameters on entrapment efficiency, size, and drug release.

Gellan gum beads containing cephalexin were prepared by extruding the dispersion of cephalexin and gellan gum into a solution containing a mixture of calcium and zinc ions (counterions). Beads were prepared by changing experimental variables such as pH of the counterion solution and amount of cephalexin loading in order to optimize process variables on the final % drug entrapment efficiency, release rates, size, and morphology of the beads. Absence of chemical interactions between drug, anionic polymer, and counterions after production of beads was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to understand the crystalline nature of the drug after its successful entrapment. These data indicated the amorphous dispersion of cephalexin in the polymer matrix. Beads were spherical in shape, with the average bead size ranging from 925 to 1183 microm as measured by the laser light scattering technique. Cephalexin entrapment of up to 69.24% was achieved. In vitro release studies were performed in 0.1 N HCl or pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and the release of cephalexin was achieved up to 6 h. Dynamic swelling studies were performed in 0.1 N HCl or pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. Diffusion coefficients were calculated for spherical geometry. The release data have been fitted to an empirical relation to estimate the transport parameters. Mathematical modeling studies were performed for spherical geometry by solving Fick's equation to compute concentration profiles. These results were correlated with the release profiles.

Cephalexin↗