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PubMed1999

In vitro and in vivo wound healing activity of asiaticoside isolated from Centella asiatica.

The activity of asiaticoside, isolated from Centella asiatica, has been studied in normal as well as delayed-type wound healing. In guinea pig punch wounds topical applications of 0.2% solution of asiaticoside produced 56% increase in hydroxyproline, 57% increase in tensile strength, increased collagen content and better epithelisation. In streptozotocin diabetic rats, where healing is delayed, topical application of 0.4% solution of asiaticoside over punch wounds increased hydroxyproline content, tensile strength, collagen content and epithelisation thereby facilitating the healing. Asiaticoside was active by the oral route also at 1 mg/kg dose in the guinea pig punch wound model. It promoted angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane model at 40 microg/disk concentration. These results indicate that asiaticoside exhibits significant wound healing activity in normal as well as delayed healing models and is the main active constituent of Centella asiatica.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

In vitro keratinocyte antiproliferant effect of Centella asiatica extract and triterpenoid saponins.

Psoriasis is a hyperproliferative skin disorder estimated to be present in 1-3% of most populations. Conventional therapy using corticosteroids, Vitamin D analogs and cytotoxic agents eg psoralens is associated with low success rate and many side effects. Traditional plant remedies may provide leads for new treatments. A rapid-throughput, in vitro bioassay has been utilised to examine plants for inhibitory effects on the growth of SVK-14 keratinocytes. Centella asiatica, a reputed anti-psoriatic herb, has been compared against the psoralen-containing seeds of Psoralea corylifolia and the synthetic anti-psoriatic agent dithranol (anthralin). Aqueous extracts of Psoralea corylifolia and Centella asiatica inhibited keratinocyte replication with IC50 values of 18.4 +/- 0.6 microg/ml and 209.9 +/- 9.8 mg/ml respectively prior to treatment with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) and 36.3 +/- 3.3 mg/ml and 238.0 +/- 2.5 mg/ml respectively after PVPP treatment of the extracts. The effect produced by C. asiatica is thus unlikely to be due to phenolic compounds. It may, however, be due to its two constituent triterpenoid glycosides madecassoside and asiaticoside which had IC50 values of 8.6 +/- 0.6 microM respectively. These values were comparable to their concentrations in the crude extract and to the IC50 of dithranol (5.1 +/- 0.4 microM). These results suggest that the potential use of C. asiatica extracts as a topical anti-psoriatic agent is worthy of further investigation.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1993

Centella asiatica (Indian pennywort), an effective therapeutic but a weak sensitizer.

The sensitizing capacity of Centella asiatica (raw extract) and its triterpenic constituents asiaticoside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid has been studied in guinea pigs. The extract itself as well as the 3 acids were found to be very weak sensitizers. Centella asiatica extract is used effectively in the treatment of keloids, leg ulcers, phlebitis, slow-healing wounds, leprosy, surgical lesions, striae distensae and cellulitis. Although applied frequently to damaged skin, the risk of acquiring contact sensitivity to this plant or its constituents is low.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro experiments with Centella asiatica: investigation to elucidate the effect of an indigenously prepared powder of this plant on the acid-fastness and viability of M. tuberculosis.

The herb Centella asiatica (Linn.), found throughout India, is acclaimed to have medicinal properties and has been used in leprosy patients from very early times. It is considered that the active compound of this herb, called asiaticoside, probably acts on the waxy covering of M. leprae. The in vitro effect of an indigenously produced dry powder of Centella asiatica (CA) on the acid-fastness and viability of M. tuberculosis was investigated in the present study. The results indicate that CA may not have any direct action on the acid-fastness or viability of M.tuberculosis H37Rv in vitro. Further studies using purified asiaticoside of the plant or in vivo studies are required.

Microbial Sensitivity Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Allergic contact dermatitis due to Centella asiatica: a new case.

We report a new case of allergic contact dermatitis due to Centella asiatica, a weak sensitizer. Patch tests with Centella asiatica at different vehicles and in different concentrations were carried out. Regarding our results, we suggest as a routine procedure to start with 1% pet, and when the test remains negative 10% pet and 2% eth 70 degrees could be used.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2006

Identification of triterpenoid compounds of Centella asiatica by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry.

The identification of the four principal triterpenoid components of Centella asiatica has been achieved by TLC on silica gel plates and mass spectrometry, as a modification of the method described in the European Pharmacopoeia (5th edn). A combination of ethyl acetate and methanol as the mobile phase was found to be successful in separating these compounds from the rest of the main components of the extract. The spots were detected with anisaldehyde solution. The separated compounds were confirmed by MALDI -TOF mass spectrometry.

Centella↗
PubMed2002

Radioprotection of Swiss albino mouse by Centella asiatica extract.

Centella asiatica, has a considerable reputation in the Indian system of medicine. It is a rasayan (general tonic), brain tonic, improves memory and strengthens the CNS. In view of its multifarious uses, the plant extract was tested for its radioprotective properties. A sublethal dose of Co 60 gamma radiation, i.e. 8 Gy was selected for the purpose. Animals were divided into two groups. The whole bodies were irradiated with Co 60 gamma radiation externally, with and without drug extract. The drug extract was given orally at different doses and for different time intervals. The dose that was most effective against radiation was 100 mg/kg body weight. This dose increased the survival time of the mice significantly. Body weight loss of the animals in the drug treated group was significantly less in comparison with the animals that were given radiation only. The causes and mechanism of protection and other aspects need further investigations.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Stimulation of asiaticoside accumulation in the whole plant cultures of Centella asiatica (L.) urban by elicitors.

The effects of a number of different elicitors on asiaticoside production in whole plant cultures of Centella asiatica were studied, including yeast extract, CdCl(2), CuCl(2) and methyl jasmonate (MJ). Only MJ and yeast extract stimulated asiaticoside production--1.53 and 1.41-fold, respectively. Maximum asiaticoside production was achieved following treatment with 0.1 mM MJ (116.8 mg/l). The highest asiaticoside production (342.72 mg/l) was obtained after 36 days of elicitation in cultures treated with 0.1 mM MJ and 0.025 mg/l 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thidiazol-5-yl)urea (TDZ). Interestingly, MJ not only stimulated the production of asiaticoside but also had an important role in the senescence of C. asiatica. Although asiaticoside content did not change when TDZ was added to medium containing an elicitor, TDZ did increase shoot growth of C. asiatica. We discuss the interactive roles of MJ and TDZ in secondary metabolic production and biomass in whole plants of C. asiatica.

Acetates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Emerging role of Centella asiatica in improving age-related neurological antioxidant status.

Free radicals have been hypothesized to play an important role in ageing process. There exists an imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defense mechanism, which may lead to cell death during ageing. Our study was designed to determine whether extract of Centella asiatica, an antioxidant, when administered orally (300 mg/kg body weight/day) for 60 days would prevent age-related changes in antioxidant defense system, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl (PCO) content in rat brain regions such as cortex, hypothalamus, striatum, cerebellum and hippocampus. Aged rats elicited a significant decline in the antioxidant status and increased the LPO and PCO as compared to control rats in all five regions studied. The increase in LPO and PCO contents were (64%, 34%) in cortex, (86%, 30%) in cerebellum, (51%, 47%) in striatum, (77%, 27%) in hypothalamus and (58%, 45%) in hippocampus, respectively, in aged rats as compared to young rats. Supplementation of C. asiatica was effective in reducing brain regional LPO and PCO levels and in increasing the antioxidant status. Thus, C. asiatica by acting as a potent antioxidant exerted significant neuroprotective effect and proved efficacious in protecting rat brain against age related oxidative damage.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

Inhibitory effects of Centella asiatica on azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt focus formation and carcinogenesis in the intestines of F344 rats.

Effects of the water extract of Centella asiatica Linn. on formation of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and intestinal tumorigenesis in male F344 rats were investigated. Treatment with the extract significantly decreased the number of larger ACF (with four or more crypts per focus) in the large intestine in the early stage, while the number of methylated DNA adducts was not decreased compared with that in the AOM-treated group. In the post-initiation stage, the extract significantly decreased the total number of ACF and the number of larger ACF, accompanied by a decrease in the 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeling index and an increase in the induction of apoptotic cells in the colonic mucosa. The incidences of neoplasms, the numbers of adenocarcinomas in the small intestines and entire intestines, and sizes of neoplasms in the entire intestines in rats fed C. asiatica extract at a dose of 10 mg/kg were smaller than those in rats given AOM alone (p < 0.05). The extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the multiplicity of neoplasms in the small intestine (p < 0.05). These results suggest that inhibition of the formation of AOM-induced ACF by C. asiatica extract is associated with modification of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in colonic crypts and that the extract has a chemopreventive effect on colon tumorigenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of anxiolytic properties of Gotukola--(Centella asiatica) extracts and asiaticoside in rat behavioral models.

The ayurvedic medicinal plant Gotukola (Centella asiatica) was evaluated for its anxiolytic properties. Specifically, this study assessed the effects of: Gotukola plant materials of different genotypic origin; hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Gotukola; and asiaticoside, a triterpenic compound isolated from Gotukola. Various paradigms were used to assess the anxiolytic activity, including the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field, social interaction, locomotor activity, punished drinking (Vogel) and novel cage tests. The EPM test revealed that Gotukola, its methanol and ethyl acetate extracts as well as the pure asiaticoside, imparted anxiolytic activity. Furthermore, the asiaticoside did not affect locomotor activity, suggesting these compounds do not have sedative effects in rodents.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Centella asiatica treatment during postnatal period enhances learning and memory in mice.

Present investigation was planned to evaluate the nootropic effect of Centella asiatica. Three months old male Swiss albino mice were injected orally with graded doses (200, 500, 700, 1000 mg/kg body weight) of C. asiatica aqueous extract for 15 days to select an effective dose for nootropic studies. Animals were tested in radial arm maze to assess the learning and memory performance. Based on these results, mice were treated orally with 200 mg/kg of C. asiatica for 15 days from day 15 to day 30 post partum (p.p.) and the nootropic effect was evaluated on the 31st day and 6 months p.p. The behavioral (open field, dark/bright arena, hole board and radial arm maze tests), biochemical (acetylcholine esterase activity) and histological studies (dendritic arborization) were carried out. Performance of juvenile and young adult mice was significantly improved in radial arm maze and hole board tests, but locomotor activity did not show any change compared to control. Treatment resulted in increased acetylcholine esterase activity in the hippocampus. Dendritic arborization of hippocampal CA3 neurons was also increased in terms of intersections and branching points, both at one month and 6 months. Results of the present investigation show that treatment during postnatal developmental stage with C. asiatica extract can influence the neuronal morphology and promote the higher brain function of juvenile and young adult mice.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

The effect of methyl jasmonate on triterpene and sterol metabolisms of Centella asiatica, Ruscus aculeatus and Galphimia glauca cultured plants.

Considering that exogenously applied methyl jasmonate can enhance secondary metabolite production in a variety of plant species and that 2,3-oxidosqualene is a common precursor of triterpenes and sterols in plants, we have studied Centella asiatica and Galphimia glauca (both synthesizing triterpenoid secondary compounds) and Ruscus aculeatus (which synthesizes steroidal secondary compounds) for their growth rate and content of free sterols and respective secondary compounds, after culturing with or without 100 microM methyl jasmonate. Our results show that elicited plantlets of G. glauca and to a higher degree C. asiatica (up to 152-times more) increased their content of triterpenoids directly synthesized from 2,3-oxidosqualene (ursane saponins and nor-seco-friedelane galphimines, respectively) at the same time as growth decreased. In contrast, the free sterol content of C. asiatica decreased notably, and remained practically unaltered in G. glauca. However, in the case of R. aculeatus, which synthesizes steroidal saponins (mainly spirostane type) indirectly from 2,3-oxidosqualene after the latter is converted to the plant phytosterol-precursor cycloartenol, while the growth rate and free sterol content clearly decreased, the spirostane saponine content was virtually unchanged (aerial part) or somewhat lower (roots) in presence of the same elicitor concentration. Our results suggest that while methyl jasmonate may be used as an inducer of enzymes involved in the triterpenoid synthesis downstream from 2,3-oxidosqualene in both C. asiatica and G. glauca plantlets, in those of C. asiatica and R. aculeatus it inhibited the enzymes involved in sterol synthesis downstream from cycloartenol.

Acetates↗
PubMed2003

Structure and potential immunological activity of a pectin from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban.

S3A was a RG-I pectin isolated from Centella asiatica that contained Rha, Ara, Gal, Glc and GalA in molar ratio of 1.0:0.6:1.5:0.2:1.1 and had been found to have a backbone composed mainly of the disaccharide repeat unit, -->4)-alpha-D-GalpA-(1-->2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->. Based on methylation analysis, NaIO4 oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis and lithium-treatment, the structural features were elucidated. Side chains of S3A were predominantly linked to O-4 of 1,2,4-linked alpha-L-Rhap. The side chains are comprised of arabinosyl chains, galactosyl chains, arabinogalactosyl chains and short glucosyl chains. A total of 45% Rhap in the backbone was substituted by side chains. The arabinosyl residues were mostly distributed in the arabinosyl side chains. According to the immunological results of S3A and its degraded derivatives, S3A had no immunological activity, but its derivatives had immuno-stimulating activities to some extent.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effect of Centella asiatica on pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling, cognition and oxidative stress in rats.

Cognitive impairment in epileptics may be a consequence of the epileptogenic process as well as antiepileptic medication. Thus, there is a need for drugs, which can suppress epileptogenesis as well as prevent cognitive impairment. In the present study, the effect of aqueous extract of Centella asiatica (CA) (100 and 300 mg/kg), an Indian medicinal plant known to possess antiepileptic, cognitive-enhancing and antioxidant property, was evaluated on the course of kindling development, kindling-induced learning deficit and oxidative stress markers in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindled rats. Male Wistar rats were injected PTZ (30 mg/kg ip) once every alternate day (48+/-2 h) until the development of the kindling. Passive avoidance test and spontaneous locomotor activity were carried out 24 and 48 h after the last administration of PTZ, while the oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde [MDA] and glutathione) were carried out in the whole brain upon completion of the behavioral assessment. The administration of CA (300 mg/kg orally) decreased the PTZ-kindled seizures and showed improvement in the learning deficit induced by PTZ kindling as evidenced by decreased seizure score and increased latencies in passive avoidance behavior. However, low dose of the CA (100 mg/kg) showed improvement only in the learning deficit due to the kindling and failed to improve the seizure score. The findings suggest the potential of aqueous extract of CA as adjuvant to antiepileptic drugs with an added advantage of preventing cognitive impairment.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Anti-oxidant activity of Centella asiatica on lymphoma-bearing mice.

Oral treatment with 50 mg X kg(-1) day(-1) of crude methanol extract of Centella asiatica for 14 days significantly increased the anti-oxidant enzymes, like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and anti-oxidants like glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid decreased in lymphoma-bearing mice.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

Effect of different extracts of Centella asiatica on cognition and markers of oxidative stress in rats.

Centella asiatica, a plant mentioned in Indian literature has been described to possess CNS effects such as stimulatory-nervine tonic, rejuvenant, sedative, tranquilizer and intelligence promoting property. In the present study aqueous, methanolic and chloroform extracts of C. asiatica were investigated for their effect on cognitive functions in rats. Male Wistar rats of 200-250 g were used to study the effect on learning and memory by using shuttle box, step through, step down and elevated plus maze paradigms. Only the aqueous extract of whole plant (200 mg/kg for 14 days) showed an improvement in learning and memory in both shuttle box and step through paradigms. Therefore, further experiments were conducted with aqueous extract using 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg doses in different paradigms of learning and memory. All doses of aqueous extract increased the number of avoidances in shuttle box and prolonged the step through latency in step through apparatus in a dose dependent manner, while only two doses 200 and 300 mg/kg of aqueous extract showed significant increase in the step down latency in step down apparatus and transfer latency (TL) in elevated plus maze. Among doses of aqueous extract tested on oxidative stress parameters, only 200 and 300 mg/kg showed a significant decrease in the brain levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) with simultaneous significant increase in levels of glutathione. There was a significant increase in the levels of catalase at the 300 mg/kg but no significant change in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were observed. The present findings indicate that the aqueous extract of C. asiatica has cognitive enhancing effect and an antioxidant mechanism is involved.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of Centella asiatica on cognition and oxidative stress in an intracerebroventricular streptozotocin model of Alzheimer's disease in rats.

1. Centella asiatica, an Indian medicinal plant, has been described as possessing central nervous system activity, such as improving intelligence. In addition, we have demonstrated that C. asiatica has cognitive-enhancing and anti-oxidant properties in normal rats. Oxidative stress or an impaired endogenous anti-oxidant mechanism is an important factor that has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive deficits seen in the elderly. 2. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) streptozotocin (STZ) in rats has been likened to sporadic AD in humans and the cognitive impairment is associated with free radical generation in this model. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of an aqueous extract of C. asiatica (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg for 21 days) was evaluated in i.c.v. STZ-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in rats. 3. Male Wistar rats were injected with STZ (3 mg/kg, i.c.v.) bilaterally on the days 1 and 3. Cognitive behaviour was assessed using passive avoidance and elevated plus-maze paradigms on the days 13, 14 and 21. Rats were killed on the day 21 for estimation of oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase) in the whole brain upon completion of the behavioural task. 4. Rats treated with C. asiatica showed a dose-dependent increase in cognitive behaviour in both paradigms. A significant decrease in MDA and an increase in glutathione and catalase levels were observed only in rats treated with 200 and 300 mg/kg C. asiatica. 5. The present findings indicate that an aqueous extract of C. asiatica is effective in preventing the cognitive deficits, as well as the oxidative stress, caused by i.c.v. STZ in rats.

Alzheimer Disease↗