Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Candidiasis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Mucocutaneous and invasive candidiasis among very low birth weight (less than 1,500 grams) infants in intensive care nurseries: a prospective study.

To determine whether mucocutaneous candidiasis presages the development of invasive candidiasis and to assess factors influencing the development of mucocutaneous candidiasis and invasive candidiasis among infants requiring neonatal intensive care, all infants admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit during a 47-month period were prospectively examined twice weekly for mucocutaneous candidiasis. Because 16 of 18 (89%) infants in whom invasive candidiasis (defined by positive cultures of blood, CSF, deep tissue or greater than or equal to 2 supra-pubic urine aspirates) developed had birth weights less than 1,500 g, further analysis was focused toward the very low birth weight group. Of 358 very low birth weight infants hospitalized for less than three days and serially studied until discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit, mucocutaneous candidiasis developed in 28 (7.8%), invasive candidiasis developed in 16 (4.5%), and in 323 there was no evidence of mucocutaneous candidiasis or invasive candidiasis. Although many risk factors were shown by univariate analysis to be significantly more common among those with invasive candidiasis and mucocutaneous candidiasis, adjustment for the covariant effects of duration of hospitalization and gestational age revealed that only prolonged duration of antibiotic therapy and duration of endotracheal intubation were significantly associated with invasive candidiasis. Invasive candidiasis developed later in nine of 28 (32%) infants with mucocutaneous candidiasis despite nystatin therapy of mucocutaneous candidiasis in all nine (median duration of therapy before invasive candidiasis, nine days). Very low birth weight infants in whom mucocutaneous candidiasis develops are at significantly greater risk of invasive candidiasis developing later than those in whom mucocutaneous candidiasis did not develop (9/28 v 7/330, P less than .001).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

Over-the-counter antifungal drug misuse associated with patient-diagnosed vulvovaginal candidiasis.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate what proportion of symptomatic women purchasing over-the-counter antifungal products for immediate treatment of presumed vulvovaginal candidiasis have vulvovaginal candidiasis or other genitourinary conditions. METHODS: A time-location sample of 95 symptomatic women who purchased and presented with an over-the-counter antifungal product for immediate and personal treatment of presumed vulvovaginal candidiasis were evaluated by clinical examination and pertinent laboratory tests. The percentage of women diagnosed having vulvovaginal candidiasis or other conditions, proportions of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis compared between groups with and without a prior diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis, and groups that read or did not read the over-the-counter package label were assessed. RESULTS: The actual diagnoses for women who self-diagnosed vulvovaginal candidiasis were: vulvovaginal candidiasis 33.7%, bacterial vaginosis 18.9%, mixed vaginitis 21.1%, normal 13.7%, other diagnoses 10.5%, and trichomonas vaginitis 2.1%. Women with a previous clinically based diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis were not more accurate in diagnosing vulvovaginal candidiasis than women without a prior clinical diagnosis (chi(2) = 0.27, P =.6). Women who read the package label were no more likely to have vulvovaginal candidiasis than were women who did not read the label (Fisher exact test, P =.39). CONCLUSION: Many women who self-diagnose and use an over-the-counter product for treatment of presumed vulvovaginal candidiasis do not have vulvovaginal candidiasis. A history of a previous clinically based diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis and reading the package label do not help women self-diagnose vulvovaginal candidiasis properly. Ready access to these products is associated with wasted financial expenditures, unfulfilled expectations, and a delay in correct diagnosis for a substantial number of women.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The association of third-generation cephalosporin use and invasive candidiasis in extremely low birth-weight infants.

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown that incidence of invasive candidiasis varies substantially among centers, and previous use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is a risk factor for candidiasis in extremely low birth-weight infants. Differences in center practices, such as antibiotic strategies and the effects of these strategies on center incidence of candidiasis, are not reflected in assessments of an individual's risk of candidiasis. We evaluated the relationship between empirical antibiotic practices for extremely low birth-weight infants and center incidence of candidiasis. METHODS: We studied a cohort of extremely low birth-weight infants who survived > or = 72 hours and were admitted to 1 of 12 tertiary centers between 1998 and 2001. Multivariable logistic regression was used to validate previous broad-spectrum antibiotics use as a risk factor for subsequent candidiasis in individual infants. We calculated correlation coefficients to assess the relationship between center incidence of candidiasis with antibiotic practice patterns. RESULTS: There were 3702 infants from 12 centers included, and 284 (7.7%) developed invasive candidiasis. Broad-spectrum antibiotics use was associated with candidiasis for individual infants. Center candidiasis incidence ranged from 2.4% to 20.4%. Center incidence of candidiasis was correlated with average broad-spectrum antibiotics use per infant and average use of broad-spectrum antibiotics with negative cultures per infant. CONCLUSIONS: Center incidences of invasive candidiasis differ substantially, and antibiotic practice differences are possible contributors to center variation in candidiasis risk.

Blood↗
PubMed1997

Weekly fluconazole for the prevention of mucosal candidiasis in women with HIV infection. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS.

BACKGROUND: Candidiasis is a frequent complication of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); however, few data exist about the natural history, prevention, and treatment of mucosal candidiasis in women. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of weekly fluconazole prophylaxis for mucosal candidiasis in women infected with HIV. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: 14 sites participating in the Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA). PATIENTS: 323 women with HIV infection and CD4+ cell counts of 300 cells/mm3 or less. INTERVENTION: 200 mg of fluconazole per week or placebo. Open-label fluconazole for candidiasis prophylaxis was permitted after two oropharyngeal or vaginal episodes or one esophageal episode. MEASUREMENTS: Development of mucosal candidiasis, clinical and in vitro resistance of Candida species to fluconazole, survival, and adverse events. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 29 months, 72 of 162 patients receiving fluconazole and 93 of 161 patients receiving placebo had at least one episode of candidiasis (relative risk [RR], 0.56 [95% Cl, 0.41 to 0.77); P < 0.001). Weekly fluconazole was effective in preventing oropharyngeal candidiasis (RR, 0.50 [Cl, 0.33 to 0.74]; P < 0.001) and vaginal candidiasis (RR, 0.64 [Cl, 0.40 to 1.00]; P = 0.05) but not esophageal candidiasis (RR, 0.91 [Cl, 0.48 to 1.72]; P > 0.2). Relative risks were similar for women who had a history of mucosal candidiasis (RR, 0.5 [Cl, 0.35 to 0.75]) and those who did not (RR, 0.69 [Cl, 0.35 to 1.34]). Absolute risk reduction for patients with a history of infection was 25.6 per 100 person-years, which is more than twice the reduction of 11.2 per 100 person-years seen in patients with no history of infection. This difference reflects the higher risk of patients who previously had an infection. Candida albicans was not usually resistant to fluconazole in vaginal specimens in clinical or in vitro settings; such resistance occurred in less than 5% of patients in each group. CONCLUSIONS: Weekly fluconazole (200 mg) seems to be safe and effective in preventing oropharyngeal and vaginal candidiasis. This regimen has a useful role in the management of HIV-infected women who are at risk for recurrent mucosal candidiasis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2000

Should all patients with candidaemia have an ophthalmic examination to rule out ocular candidiasis?

PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of ocular candidiasis and length of ophthalmic follow-up required to rule out ocular candidiasis in candidemia patients. METHODS: We prospectively studied patients with candidemia at our institution. Eligibility criteria included a dilated ophthalmological examination within 72 h of fungemia. Patients without ocular candidiasis on initial examination had follow-up dilated ophthalmoscopy performed at 1, 2, 4, 12 and 24 weeks. RESULTS: Between May 1996 and March 1997 a total of 50 patients with fungemia were identified of whom 31 were included in the study; 15 excluded patients died before an initial examination was performed. The overall incidence of ocular candidiasis was 26% (8/31 patients), all manifested as chorioretinitis. Five patients (16%) had ocular candidiasis on their initial examination. One of 21 patients (5%) without ocular candidiasis on initial examination developed ocular candidiasis within 1 week. Two of 16 patients (13%) without ocular candidiasis on initial examination or at 1 week follow-up developed ocular candidiasis within 2 weeks. No evidence of ocular candidiasis occurred in the 12 patients with follow-up at 4 weeks, the 8 patients with follow-up at 12 weeks and the 4 patients with follow-up at 24 weeks. CONCLUSION: The incidence of ocular candidiasis among hospitalized patients is clinically significant. We recommend ophthalmological follow-up for development of ocular candidiasis for at least 2 weeks after an initial negative eye examination.

Aged↗