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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Magnetic resonance imaging of the ovarian cyst: its diagnostic value of endometrial cyst.

The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing the ovarian cyst was reviewed with emphasis on its diagnostic value of endometrial cyst. 94 cystic ovarian masses in 77 patients were evaluated using 0.15 Tesla MRI just before laparotomy at Okayama University Hospital from 1984 to 1987 and these images were followed up by histopathological data. From these obtained images, 6 parameters; that is (1) laterality and (2) delineation of the cyst, (3) presence or absence of septal image, and (4) homogeneity, (5) signal intensity and (6) T1 value of the cyst contents, were extracted and analyzed respectively. In 95.5% of endometrial cysts, homogenous internal pattern was observed in all 3 images (short spin echo (SE), inversion recovery (IR) and long SE) and its signal intensity was at the same level or higher than that of myometrium. On the other hand, in all cases of follicular cyst, para-ovarian cyst, corpus luteum cyst and in 95.0% of serous cystadenoma and in 90.9% of mucinous cystadenoma, cyst contents showed either lower signal intensity than the myometrium or similar to it in T1 contrast images (short SE and IR). 93.1% of dermoid cyst showed heterogenous signal intensity in all 3 images and their signal intensity levels were widely ranging. High signal intensity of cyst contents in all 3 images could be observed in 72.7% of endometrial cyst, 5.0% of serous cystadenoma with internal hemorrhage, 9.1% of mucinous cystadenoma with internal hemorrhage and 3.4% of dermoid cyst consisted of fatty tissue only. Endometrial cyst showed markedly shortened T1 value (209.6 +/- 102.7 ms) and the other hemorrhagic cyst showed comparatively short value (360-970 ms). On the other hand, T1 value of non hemorrhagic cyst was as high as the level of urine. All of endometrial cysts were clearly defined from the other pelvic structures. In result, endometrial cysts were found to exhibit the characteristic findings in MRI images such as homogenous high signal intensity of internal fluid and clear delineation of cyst contour. The diagnostic accuracy of MRI in endometrial cyst were considered 96.8% in our cases.

Cystadenoma↗
PubMed1993

Colloid cyst of the third ventricle. A comparative immunohistochemical study of neuraxis cysts and choroid plexus epithelium.

In an effort to shed light upon the nature of the colloid cyst, the immunohistochemical properties of 21 examples of this lesion were compared with those of other neuraxial cysts and choroid plexus epithelium. The neuraxial cysts included the following: eight Rathke's cleft cysts, 25 pituitaries containing follicular cysts of the pars intermedia, and four enterogenous cysts. Fifteen examples of normal choroid plexus and 12 choroid plexus papillomas were studied as well. These lesions were examined for localization of the following antigens: cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, secretory component, carcinoembryonic antigen, prealbumin, vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase, 68-kD neurofilament protein, chromogranin, serotonin, and lysozyme, and with Leu-7 monoclonal antibodies. Five colloid cysts were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies that were specific for Clara-cell antigens and surfactant, respectively. Sugar moieties were localized using Ulex europaeus I, and Ricinus communis agglutinin I lectins. All Rathke's cleft cysts and follicular cysts of the pars intermedia as well as three selected colloid cysts were examined for pituitary hormones. The epithelial cells of colloid and enterogenous cysts, as well as those lining follicular and Rathke's cleft cyst, showed uniformly strong reactivity for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, secretory component, and vimentin, and bound Ulex europaeus lectin. Occasional cells in colloid cysts were positive for Clara cell-specific antigens. Reaction for carcinoembryonic antigen was present on the apical surface of scattered cells of colloid, follicular, and Rathke's cleft cysts. Many cells of follicles in the pars intermedia as well as individual cells of five Rathke's cleft cysts were also immunoreactive for chromogranin, S-100 protein, GFAP, and pituitary hormones. Colloid and enterogenous cysts were negative for prealbumin, S-100 protein, GFAP, and neuron-specific enolase; in all but a few instances, they failed to bind Ricinus communis agglutinin. In contrast, normal choroid plexus and choroid plexus papillomas were positive for prealbumin, S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase, cytokeratin, vimentin, and Ricinus communis agglutinin receptors; they lacked Ulex europaeus lectin, 56/66-kD cytokeratins, and epithelial membrane antigen. Unlike normal choroid plexus, choroid plexus papillomas were often GFAP-positive. All tissues studied were nonreactive for lysosome, serotonin, and neurofilament, and with Leu-7 antibodies. This study indicates that the immunophenotype of epithelium lining colloid cysts is similar to that of other cysts showing endodermal or ectodermal differentiation and to respiratory tract mucosa. Epithelium of colloid cysts is immunohistochemically different from that of normal or neoplastic choroid plexus. These findings indicate an endodermal rather than neuroepithelial nature for colloid cysts.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed2000

"Daughter cyst" sign: a sonographic finding of ovarian cyst in neonates, infants, and young children.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the value of the "daughter cyst" sign, a sonographic finding of neonatal ovarian cysts, in differentiating ovarian cysts from other cystic masses in neonates, infants, and young children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In a prospective study, 23 neonates, infants, and young children (age range, 1 day to 36 months) with a lower abdominal cystic mass underwent sonography. We defined the daughter cyst sign as the presence of a small cyst along the wall of a cystic mass. The diagnosis of ovarian cyst was made when this sign was present. Detailed pathologic correlation was available in four ovarian cysts. The size, wall thickness, and contents of the cysts were also evaluated. RESULTS: The 23 cystic lesions included ovarian cyst (n = 11), lymphangioma (n = 3), enteric duplication cyst (n = 3), enteric cyst (n = 1), meconium pseudocyst (n = 2), hydrometrocolpos (n = 2), and urachal cyst (n = 1). The daughter cyst sign was seen in nine (82%) of 11 ovarian cysts but in none of the other cystic lesions. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of the daughter cyst sign for differentiating ovarian cysts from other cystic lesions were 82%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The daughter cyst corresponded to an ovarian follicle on pathologic examination. CONCLUSION: The daughter cyst sign is a specific sonographic finding for an ovarian cyst and may be useful in differentiating uncomplicated ovarian cysts from other cystic masses in neonates, infants, and young children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1999

Quantification of pepsinogen C and prostaglandin D synthase in breast cyst fluid and their potential utility for cyst type classification.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify pepsinogen C (PEPC) and prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS) in breast cyst fluid and examine if these two parameters can be used for breast cyst type classification. DESIGN AND METHODS: We quantified PEPC and PGDS in 92 and 50 breast cyst fluids, respectively, using previously established immunofluorometric procedures. We then examined if the levels of PEPC or PGDS correlate with the type of cyst or with other clinicopathological variables. RESULTS: Quantitative analysis of the breast cyst fluids indicated that PEPC is present in all cyst fluids at various concentrations ranging from 3 to 31,000 ng/mL. PGDS positivity was confined to 30% of the cyst fluids. PEPC and PGDS levels were correlated with the breast cyst fluid cation ratio and were associated with the type of the cyst. Increased PEPC levels in breast cyst fluids were significantly correlated with a > or = 1.5 K+/Na+ ratio and were associated with the secretory/apocrine type of cyst (Type I) (p = 0.011). Immunoreactive PGDS levels were highly correlated with a low cation ratio and were associated with the transudative/flattened type of breast cyst (Type II) (p = 0.0003). A weak association was observed between PEPC levels in breast cyst fluid and menopausal status (p = 0.093). No significant associations were observed for either PEPC or PGDS concentration in breast cyst fluid and number of cysts, recurrence of the disease, family history of breast cancer, number of children, abortion, and breast feeding. CONCLUSIONS: Quantification of PEPC and PGDS in breast cyst fluid may be useful in the subclassification of cyst type in patients with gross cystic disease.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed2001

Intraspinal cyst communicating with the intervertebral disc in the lumbar spine: discal cyst.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective case study of patients with intraspinal cyst having a distinct connection with the corresponding intervertebral disc. OBJECTIVES: To propose a new clinical entity, "discal cyst," by clarifying the clinical, radiographic, and histologic aspects of the disease. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Several types of intraspinal cysts with different pathogenesis, causing symptoms indistinguishable from those of lumbar disc herniation, have been reported, such as perineural cysts, synovial cysts, and ganglion cysts. However, to the authors' knowledge, no detailed analysis has been made of cysts that have a distinct connection with the corresponding intervertebral disc. METHODS: Clinical pictures, radiographic findings, and surgical and histologic findings in eight surgically treated patients with intraspinal cyst having a distinct connection with the intervertebral disc were reviewed. Possible pathogenesis and a proposal for nomenclature were also discussed. RESULTS: This disease can be characterized by (1) clinical symptoms indistinguishable from those of typical disc herniation, manifesting as a unilateral single nerve root lesion; (2) incidence at slightly younger age and at upper intervertebral levels than with typical disc herniation; (3) T1 low signal and T2 high signal intensity, round to oval mass lesion on magnetic resonance imaging, compatible with a liquid-containing cyst; (4) minimal degeneration of the involved disc, either on discography/computed tomographic discography or magnetic resonance imaging; (5) a connection between the cyst and the corresponding intervertebral discs on discograms with severe radiating pain in the affected leg at the time of injection; (6) immediate relief of symptoms after simple removal of the cyst; (7) cyst wall consisting of dense fibrous connective tissue containing bloody to clear serous discharge; and (8) absence of disc materials and a specific lining cell layer on histologic examination. Although the exact cause is unknown, underlying minor disc injury may serve as a basis for cyst formation. CONCLUSION: Eight cases of intraspinal cysts communicating with the intervertebral disc presenting symptoms identical to those of disc herniation are presented. Because all cysts were connected to the corresponding disc and the development of the cyst was assumed to be related to underlying disc injury, it is proposed to name this clinical entity discal cyst.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Patients with renal cysts associated with renal cell carcinoma and the clinical implications of cyst puncture: a study of 223 cases.

OBJECTIVES: To clarify the association between renal cysts and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we analyzed patient demographics, types of cystic disease, and modes of cyst-tumor coexistence along with the results of cyst puncture. METHODS: A total of 507 hospitals provided information regarding clinical experiences with RCC and cyst puncture over a 2-year period. RESULTS: Renal cysts were identified by preoperative imaging in 223 (4%) of 5721 patients with RCC. Histologic examination revealed cystic RCC in 56 patients (25%) and RCC associated with cystic diseases in 167 (75%). Cystic disease included simple cysts in 72 patients (32%), acquired cystic disease of the kidney (ACDK) in 62 (28%), multilocular renal cysts in 20 (9%), polycystic kidney in 3 (1%), and unspecified or miscellaneous in 10. Cyst puncture performed in 47 (21%) of 223 patients demonstrated bloody fluid in 20 cases and nonbloody fluid in 27. Cytologic analysis of cystic fluid obtained from 37 patients revealed a malignancy in 5 (14%), accounting for 25% of the bloody and 4.8% of nonbloody specimens. Cytology failed to detect RCC in ACDK and multilocular cysts but was positive in cases of cystic RCC and solitary cysts. Four of 5 cytology-positive cases comprised those of tumor in cyst and cyst within tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Simple cysts and ACDK accounted for 60% of the renal cysts associated with RCC. Cystic RCC was involved in 25% of cases. Positive cytology may be expected in select cases, including those with close cyst-tumor relationships and those involving bloody cyst fluid. However, negative cytology does not exclude RCC.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1993

[Thirty-eight operative cases of mediastinal cyst: with particular reference to bronchogenic cyst].

Thirty-eight patients (16 males and 22 females) with mediastinal cysts have been treated at the Second Department of Surgery at Okayama University from 1978 to 1989. There were thirteen cases of thymic cyst, nine cases of pericardial cyst one case of pericardial diverticulum, eight cases of bronchogenic cyst, two cases of dermoid cyst, two cases of cystic lymphangioma, one case of esophageal cyst, one case of gastroenteric cyst, and one case of aneurysmal bone cyst. MRI seemed to be useful for the qualitative diagnosis of mediastinal tumors as cystic or solid. Based on Maier's classification and considering the result of this study, bronchogenic cysts may be divided into the following groups: 1) paratracheal, 2) carinal, 3) hilar, 4) paraesophageal [a) upper (Iu), b) lower (Im, Ei)], 5) cephalad recess of the azygos vein (CRAzV) and 6) miscellaneous. According to this new classification, these bronchogenic cysts could be allocated to (3) hilar: 1 cyst, (4-a) paraesophageal-upper: 1 cyst, (4-b) paraesophageal-lower: 1 cyst, (5) CRAzV: 4 cysts, and (6) miscellaneous: 2 cysts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Erythropoietin concentration in cyst fluid in patients with simple renal cysts.

High erythropoietin (EPO) levels in cyst fluid and blood plasma in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) have been reported. In the present study we assessed EPO levels and the biochemical composition of cyst fluid obtained from 50 simple renal cysts. Basing on cyst fluid/plasma sodium ratio 38 cysts were classified as cysts of proximal origin, and 12 as cysts of undetermined origin. EPO concentrations in cyst fluid obtained from proximal cysts were significantly higher than in fluid from cysts of undetermined origin (472.9 +/- 116.2 vs. 112.1 +/- 33.3 mU/ml, p < 0.05). Patients with proximal cysts had significantly higher plasma EPO levels (31.8 +/- 3.5 mU/ml) than healthy subjects (17.3 +/- 1.96 mU/ml, p < 0.005). We conclude that: (1) simple renal cysts of distal origin seem to be rare; (2) the presence of high EPO level in cyst fluid suggests its proximal origin; (3) estimation of cyst fluid EPO levels seems to be of similar pathogenetic value as the assessment of the cyst fluid/plasma sodium ratio.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Intraventricular arachnoid cyst--on the origin of intraventricular arachnoid cysts].

Arachnoid cysts very rarely occur within the ventricular system, where no arachnoid tissue exists. We present three cases of intraventricular arachnoid cyst with special reference to its origin. The first patient was a 5-year-old boy who complained of headaches and enlargement of his head. A CT scan revealed obstructive hydrocephalus and a large cystic lesion in the right lateral ventricle. The symptoms resolved after fenestration of the cyst and cystoperitoneal shunt. The second patient was a 49-year-old woman who complained of headache and numbness in her left upper extremity. A CT scan and MRI revealed a large cyst in the trigone of the right lateral ventricle. Fenestration of the cyst wall and cystoperitoneal shunt were performed relieving her complaints. The third patient was a 42-year-old man who complained of frequent seizures and dizziness. A CT scan and MRI demonstrated a moderate size cystic mass in the inferior horn of the right lateral ventricle. The symptoms were improved by partial resection of the cyst wall. Immunohistochemical studies and light microscopy confirmed that the cyst walls were composed of arachnoid membrane, implying that the cysts were arachnoid cysts. CT and MRI in these three cases showed widening of the choroidal fissure bordering the cyst wall, occasionally involving a part of the protruding cyst wall. On enhanced CT and MRI, the choroid plexus in the trigone of ipsilateral lateral ventricle was displaced anterolaterally, implying that the cysts had grown from outside the choroid plexus. Postoperative MRI demonstrated the shrunken cyst wall attached to the choroidal fissure. The surgical findings in case 3 also showed that the cyst wall was attached firmly to the choroid plexus. These findings appeared to indicate that the intraventricular arachnoid cyst originated from the arachnoid layer drawn into the choroidal fissure with choroidal vascular mesenchyme.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of foregut duplication cysts: the value of demonstrating detached ciliary tufts in cyst fluid.

BACKGROUND: The management of foregut duplication cysts is controversial, especially in asymptomatic patients. The safety and accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and EUS-fine-needle aspiration EUS-FNA) in confirming the nature of cysts by using electron microscopy (EM) has not been reported. In this study, the authors describe the utility of demonstrating detached ciliary tufts (DCTs) in the diagnosis of foregut duplication cysts with EUS-FNA. METHODS: Consecutive patients with suspected mediastinal masses or mediastinal cysts on imaging studies were evaluated prospectively by EUS and EUS-FNA. Cyst fluid was examined by routine cytologic techniques. In two patients, EM was performed to confirm the nature of DCTs. RESULTS: Ten consecutive patients were evaluated with EUS and EUS-FNA. Seventy percent of the cysts were characterized by computed tomography (CT) scans as solid masses. The mean greatest cyst dimension measured 34 mm x 48 mm by EUS. Microscopic examination of the cyst content revealed mucinous material, cellular debris, and DCTs. The latter were seen in routine cytologic preparations and by EM. Patients were followed up to a median of 321 days. Due to EUS-FNA confirmatory diagnoses of foregut duplication cysts, none of the patients except 1 underwent surgical resection after developing pneumonia 6 months later. Histologic sections of the resected specimen confirmed the presence of (foregut cyst, bronchogenic type). All other patients were asymptomatic. Cysts size and nature did not change on repeated imaging studies. CONCLUSIONS: EUS was superior compared with CT scanning in characterizing foregut duplication cysts. EUS-FNA is safe and accurate in the diagnosis of foregut duplication cysts. The demonstration of DCTs in cyst fluid and the absence of malignant cells confirmed the benign nature of these lesions, allowing conservative and expectant management for these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of jaw cysts with an irrigational method. (II). The effect on the nature of cyst walls and surrounding bone.

Cysts in jaws are generally excised by Partsch II when they are small. When they are large, they are excised by Partsch I to form a paranasal sinus in an oral cavity, or by an operation based on Caldwell-Luc's method to form it from nostrils, as Partsch II forms dead space after the operation and the cyst increases by the pressure of intracystic fluid. However, with Partsch I, the bone needs many days to regenerate, and since a surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla is often formed after an operation of the maxillary sinus, Partsch I is not necessarily a good method. Therefore, in order to control cyst inflammation, the irrigation of cyst cavities was repeated, as it is held that prostaglandin-like (PG-like) substances are generated in the cyst walls when a cyst is inflamed by bacterial infection; prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) especially acts on the resorption of bone and enlarges the cyst. As a result of repeated irrigations, infection of the cyst cavities disappeared simultaneously with decreasing the pressure of intracystic cavities, the values of thiobarbituric acid, Prostaglandin E, Prostaglandin F2 alpha (TBA, PGE, PGF2 alpha), and the free radical intensity at g = 2.003 decreased. The bone regenerated around the cyst walls, and finally the cyst diminished in size. In the case of the viscous cyst fluids, a solution containing hyaluronidase enabled complete disappearance. It would be better to apply Partsch II after the cyst has become smaller through irrigation. After the irrigational method, irregular formation and tendency toward malignancy could be found in none of the cyst wall cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A biochemical study of the nature of jaw cysts (II). The role of lipids in the enlargement of cysts.

It is believed that cysts in jaws enlarge when the permeability of the cyst wall changes, that the proteins of cyst fluid increase, and that the intracystic fluid pressure on the jaw bone increases because of inflammation. On the other hand, it is also believed that cysts enlarge when a prostaglandin-like substance, which is generated in the wall, acts chemically in the resorption of the jaw bone. This investigation comprised 97 cases of various jaw cysts. The author attempted to treat 91 of these cases by the irrigation method. Lipids and related substances in cyst walls removed at operation in 15 cases, and cyst fluid were examined in all cases as follows. Their identification with IR, analyses of fatty acids with GC, and estimation of the free radical concentration by ESR were carried out. As a result, it was found that in an infected cyst wall the values of phospholipids, TBA and the free radical concentration increased, and that the value of arachidonic acid decreased. In cyst fluid there was no LCAT activity, the value of HDL-cholesterol decreased, and free cholesterol crystals were detected. After irrigation of cyst cavities, cholesterol esters were detected. In infected cyst fluid, the values for white corpuscles, TBA, and the free radical concentration increased, whereas the values of PO2, arachidonic acid, and SOD decreased. As the infection disappeared, these values were reversed. Finally the cysts diminished in size. The author assumes that jaw cyst enlargement is related to LPO and PG-like substances produced by lipid peroxidation of the cyst wall and fluid.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed2002

Arachnoid cyst is a risk factor for chronic subdural hematoma in juveniles: twelve cases of chronic subdural hematoma associated with arachnoid cyst.

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) tends to occur in elderly patients with a history of mild head injury at a few months prior to the onset of symptoms. Intracranial arachnoid cyst is believed to be congenital and sometimes becomes symptomatic in pediatric patients. These two distinct clinical entities sporadically occur in the same young patient. Twelve of 541 cases of CSDH surgically treated in our institution had associated arachnoid cyst. The clinical and radiological characteristics of the cases of CSDH associated with arachnoid cyst were retrospectively analyzed and compared with those of CSDH without arachnoid cyst. Arachnoid cysts were located in the middle fossa (eight cases), convexity (two cases), and posterior fossa (two cases). Three cysts were less than 20 mm in diameter. The 12 patients with CSDH and arachnoid cyst (mean age 27.8 +/- 19.7 years) were significantly younger (p < 0.001) than the patients with CSDH without arachnoid cyst (69.5 +/- 13.7 years). Five of the 12 patients were pediatric cases (< 15 years old). The clinical symptoms were also significantly different. The most frequent symptom was headache followed by vomiting in the patients with arachnoid cyst, while gait disturbance and hemiparesis predominated in patients without arachnoid cyst. Hematoma evacuation through burr holes improved the symptoms in all patients with arachnoid cyst. We conclude that even a small arachnoid cyst can be a risk factor for CSDH after mild head injury in young patients and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure are common. Hematoma evacuation is adequate at first operation. If the preoperative symptoms persist, additional arachnoid cyst surgery should be considered. The present results also suggest that CSDH formation may be preceded by subdural hygroma caused by the rupture of arachnoid cyst.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A study of cysts in the oral region. Cysts of the jaw.

Clinical cases of cysts of the jaw treated in the Department of Oral Surgery of our university during the 10 y between 1980 and 1989 were studied clinically. Patients with radicular cyst, dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst and postoperative maxillary cyst, which were found at relatively high frequencies, were further analyzed with regard to age, sex and anatomical distribution. A diagnosis of cyst was established in 1,444 patients during the above period, and 1,234 (85.5%) of them had cysts of the jaw. According to a pathological classification by Ishikawa's method, these patients included 509 (41.2%) with radicular cyst, 259 (27.0%) with dentigerous cyst, 95 (7.7%) with odontogenic keratocyst and 267 (21.6%) with postoperative maxillary cyst. The pattern of age distribution in cases of radicular cyst, odontogenic keratocyst and postoperative maxillary cyst was similar to that found in previous studies. Among patients with dentigerous cyst, those aged under 20 y accounted for about 60%. Radicular cyst occurred most frequently in the maxillary lateral incisors, dentigerous cyst in the mandibular wisdom teeth, and odontogenic keratocyst in the region between the mandibular molar and the ramus of the mandible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Concentrations of B2-microglobulin and Tamm-Horsfall protein in cyst fluid and urinary excretion of these proteins in patients with simple renal cysts].

The existing classifications of simple renal cysts are based on cyst fluid sodium concentration or cyst fluid/plasma sodium ratio. The present study aimed to assess: 1) the usefulness of cyst fluid concentrations of beta-2-microglobulin (beta-2-MG) as a marker of proximal tubules function and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) as a marker of distal tubules function to define the origin of renal cysts (proximal or distal); and 2) the function of proximal and distal tubules in patients with simple renal cysts. 31 patients with simple renal cysts and 10 healthy subjects were examined. Basing on the cyst fluid/plasma sodium ratio, 25 cysts were classified as of proximal origin and 6 as of undetermined origin. In all patients cyst fluid and plasma concentrations of beta-2-MG, erythropoietin, sodium, potassium and total protein were assessed. Urinary excretion of beta-2-MG and THP was also estimated and fractional excretion of beta-2-MG was calculated. The concentration of beta-2-MG in fluid obtained from cysts of proximal origin were significantly higher than in fluid from cysts of undetermined origin (2.26 +/- 0.36 vs. 0.65 +/- 0.13 mg/l, p = 0.0004). Concentrations of THP (6.85 +/- 1.21 vs. 3.14 +/- 1.06 micrograms/ml, p < 0.05), erythropoietin (500.6 +/- 176.8 vs. 42.0 +/- 17.7 mU/ml, p < 0.05) and potassium (4.39 +/- 0.07 vs. 3.13 +/- 0.44 mmol/l, p < 0.05) were also higher in fluid from proximal cysts than in fluid from cysts of undetermined origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗