[Non-verbal communication: communication with patients who are incapable of speech. Communication tailored to the patients' needs: a study on stroke patients].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “COMMUNICATION”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Physician-patient communication in the emergency department. Part 2: Communication strategies for specific situations. SAEM Task Force on Physician-Patient Communication.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Attitude to Health↗
Early communication: semantic functions and communicative intentions in the communication of the preschool child with impaired hearing.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Child, Preschool↗
Fax/modem board communications decrease preceptor communication costs.
BACKGROUND: Mail and the telephone are common communication links between departments of family medicine and their community-based preceptors. The availability of low-cost fax/modem boards offers the potential for new communication methods. This study compares the cost of personal computer-based fax/modem board communications with traditional mail and telephone linkages. METHODS: The department's community preceptor faculty served as the study population. Sixty-eight physicians (54%) had fax machines; these physicians received faxes instead of mailed communications. The remaining 59 physicians (46%) received mailed communications. All preceptors received standard telephone calls. Costs for telephone, mail, and fax/modem board communications were tracked over a 4-month period. RESULTS: Faxes were significantly less expensive and more efficient than either telephone or mail communications. Telephone communications were the most expensive. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that fax/modem boards offer a communication linkage with preceptors that is more economical than either mail or telephone.
Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
Verbal communication, nonverbal communication, and private speech in lower and middle socioeconomic status preschool children.
Three types of communication--verbal, nonverbal, and private speech--were investigated in 4- and 5-year-old children. Multiple analyses of variance (MANOVAs) without IQ controlled and multiple analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) with IQ as a covariate were computed and followed by ANOVAs and ANCOVAs to determine the effects of sex, age, and socioeconomic status (SES) on each of these types of communication. The ANOVAs and the ANCOVAs yielded the same conclusions. Results indicated that age and SES, but not sex, influence the use of the three communication types. From age 4 to age 5, private speech decreased for middle SES children and remained the same for lower SES children. Although lower SES children had more nonverbal communication at both age levels than middle SES children, nonverbal communication decreased for middle SES children and increased for lower SES children between the ages of 4 and 5 years. Both lower and middle SES groups increased in verbal communication between the two ages. The middle SES 4-year-olds used more verbal communication than their lower SES counterparts, and the difference was maintained at age 5. Although IQ is related to verbal communication, statistically controlling for the effects of IQ did not change the conclusions.
Black or African American↗
Teaching communication in clinical clerkships: models from the macy initiative in health communications.
Medical educators have a responsibility to teach students to communicate effectively, yet ways to accomplish this are not well-defined. Sixty-five percent of medical schools teach communication skills, usually in the preclinical years; however, communication skills learned in the preclinical years may decline by graduation. To address these problems the New York University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and the University of Massachusetts Medical School collaborated to develop, establish, and evaluate a comprehensive communication skills curriculum. This work was funded by the Josiah P. Macy, Jr. Foundation and is therefore referred to as the Macy Initiative in Health Communication. The three schools use a variety of methods to teach third-year students in each school a set of effective clinical communication skills. In a controlled trial this cross-institutional curriculum project proved effective in improving communication skills of third-year students as measured by a comprehensive, multistation, objective structured clinical examination. In this paper the authors describe the development of this unique, collaborative initiative. Grounded in a three-school consensus on the core skills and critical components of a communication skills curriculum, this article illustrates how each school tailored the curriculum to its own needs. In addition, the authors discuss the lessons learned from conducting this collaborative project, which may provide guidance to others seeking to establish effective cross-disciplinary skills curricula.
Clinical Clerkship↗
Communication and socialisation (1): An exploratory study and explanation for nurse-patient communication in an ITU.
This exploratory study was designed to determine the state of communication between conscious, intubated and orientated patients, and nurses in an intensive therapy unit (ITU) and the factors that influence this communication. The aim was to determine whether nurses are able to identify the needs and problems of their patients. This was done by examining characteristics of nurse-patient interactions through participant observation, and exploring nurses' attitudes and knowledge of communication and the nursing process. Dissatisfaction with the nursing process and continual difficulty in communicating with conscious intubated patients by ITU colleagues was the stimulus to investigate the state of nurse-patient communication in the unit where the researcher works. In this paper critical evaluation of previous studies of nurse-patient communication in ITUs is followed by presentation of results of the observations and interviews in this study. The discussion that follows focuses on the socialisation of nurses in 'becoming' ITU nurses related to Bradby's (1990) interpretation of status passage, and the effect that this has on the way in which they communicate.
Clinical Nursing Research↗
Frequency of word occurrence in communication samples produced by adult communication aid users.
Communication samples generated by five nonspeaking adults using Canon Communicators were collected for 14 consecutive days. Samples were analyzed to determine frequency of word occurrence. A core vocabulary of the 500 most frequently occurring words was analyzed further to determine spelling level and proportion of complete communication samples represented by subsets of the core vocabulary list. The 500 core vocabulary words represented 80% of the total words in the combined communication samples for the 5 subjects. Of all messages generated by the subjects, 33% could be communicated in their entirety using words from the core vocabulary list. The communication of the remaining messages required one or more words in addition to the core vocabulary. The spelling grade level of the words in the core vocabulary list did not exceed the seventh grade. The implications of the results for designing and customizing communication aids and for potential user training are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Supporting augmentative and alternative communication use by beginning communicators with severe disabilities.
Augmentative and alternative modes of communication (AAC) have assumed an increasingly important role in meeting the communicative needs of individuals with severe disabilities. Despite the potential of AAC to enhance an individual's communicative effectiveness, practitioners may encounter challenges in implementing AAC interventions with individuals with severe disabilities. This article provides strategies addressing some of the challenges faced by practitioners as they teach beginning communicators with severe disabilities to use AAC. Specifically, this article discusses strategies for dealing with situations when learners (a) have AAC systems but are not using them, (b) have AAC systems but their communication partners are not actively participating, or (c) use alternative, but socially or contextually inappropriate, strategies for communication. This article culminates in a framework for increasing the effectiveness of AAC interventions and presents a discussion of needed research.
Communication↗
Communication--the vital link in best practice organisations. Case study: the Princess Alexandra Hospital Best Practice Communication Project.
The critical issue of communication has been addressed by the Princess Alexandra Hospital in Brisbane. The hospital commissioned a communications audit, benchmarked outside the health sector in the service industry, and designed and piloted communication strategies at an organisational level and in selected clinical settings. The communications models developed have emphasised the importance of planning, evaluation and flexibility to enable the modification of communication strategies to continually improve communication in the organisation. It is envisaged that regular communication assessments will be conducted with the use of audit tools which have been developed to compare results over time.
Communication↗
A strategy to improve communication between health care professionals and people living with cancer: II. Follow-up of a workshop on the teaching and assessment of communication skills in Canadian Medical Schools.
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Follow-up questionnaires were sent to all Canadian medical schools in 1994 and 1996 in order to evaluate changes that had taken place in the teaching of physician-patient communication skills since recommendations were made by a national "Workshop on the Teaching and Assessment of Communication Skills in Canadian Medical Schools" in 1992. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Fifteen of 16 schools responded. All 15 reported major changes in the teaching of physician-patient communication over the preceding four years or planned changes in the very near future. However, barriers to improving the communications curriculum still existed. The most frequently cited barrier was the lack of trained faculty to teach communication skills; this was followed in frequency by poor coordination over the four years of medical school with lack of scheduled time in the clerkship years. There were identified needs to train faculty to teach communication skills and to extend formal teaching of the subject into the clerkship. Concurrent with these changes, the accreditation process for Canadian medical schools now requires the teaching and evaluation of communication skills.
Canada↗
Effects of the tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on junctional communication in intact mouse skin: persistence of homologous communication and increase of epidermal-dermal coupling.
12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) has been reported to inhibit junctional communication in some cell cultures. In view of the tumour-promoting activity of TPA in rodent skin, these results have interesting implications for the possible role of junctional communication in tumorigenesis. However, little is known about the effect of TPA on junctional communication in intact skin. Using the technique of iontophoretic injection of Lucifer Yellow CH, we have now studied the patterns of junctional communication in skin treated with TPA. In this paper we report results of such experiments showing that junctional communication in skin persists 4 h after treatment with TPA. In addition, TPA unexpectedly increases communication across the dermal-epidermal boundary. These effects of TPA can still be observed 24 h after treatment. In light of these results, we discuss the possible role of junctional communication in the control of proliferation of normal and pathological tissues.
Animals↗
Communication about risk: the responses of primary care professionals to standardizing the 'language of risk' and communication tools.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to gauge responses of primary care professionals to standardization of the 'language of risk' and risk communication tools. METHODS: We carried out a qualitative study using six semi-structured focus group discussions. The subjects were 36 primary care professionals from general practice, practice nurse, district nurse, community psychiatric nurse and health visitor disciplines. RESULTS: Between professionals, the standardization of the language of risk was felt to have potential benefit in making professionals consistent in their appreciation of risks and communication with each other. Between professionals and patients, standardized language was thought inappropriate or insufficient because of contextual variation in communication and interpretation of risk information by patients. The use of more-detailed comparisons of risks was felt to be a potentially effective development of risk communication in practice. CONCLUSIONS: A standard language of risk communication was perceived as being potentially helpful for communication between professionals, but many respondents were sceptical about its usefulness in communication with patients.
Communication↗
Risk communication, the West Nile virus epidemic, and bioterrorism: responding to the communication challenges posed by the intentional or unintentional release of a pathogen in an urban setting.
The intentional or unintentional introduction of a pathogen in an urban setting presents severe communication challenges. Risk communication--a science-based approach for communicating effectively in high-concern situations--provides a set of principles and tools for meeting those challenges. A brief overview of the risk communication theoretical perspective and basic risk communication models is presented here, and the risk communication perspective is applied to the West Nile virus epidemic in New York City in 1999 and 2000 and to a possible bioterrorist event. The purpose is to provide practical information on how perceptions of the risks associated with a disease outbreak might be perceived and how communications would be best managed.
Bioterrorism↗
[A study on family communication space (Part II)--A study on spatial utilization for, and familial consciousness of, family communication].
Part II, based on the findings of Part I, tries to identify family Communication by delving into how it is actually practiced in view of spatial conditions within a house, and familial consciousness. Specific spatial conditions have been sampled of the housing of students at women's junior colleges, and how their family members mutually Communicate and evaluate it has been analyzed. Their views of "family" have also been examined. The findings are as follows: 1) The number of rooms, and the width of the room(s) used for family Communication are major determining factors in separating family Communication from other living activities. 2) The above separation is affected by whether family Communication is practiced in a Japanese-style room or a Western-style one. 3) The perceptual difference of the consent of "family" among a family members principally determines how they engage in family Communication and how they evaluate it. It has proved to be necessary to consider, for a spatial analysis, what kind of posture each member takes when mutually Communicating, seeking comfort and relaxation at home.
Adult↗
Assessing the effectiveness of communication in organisations: the communication audit approach.
Within the past decade there has been an enormous growth of interest in the field of organisational communication. Numerous books, book chapters and journal articles have been devoted to this topic. However, much of this output has been at the level of common sense exhortation, has tended to be anecdotal, or at best has been based upon the personal experience of the authors. Certainly within the UK there has been little hard empirical research into the nature, flow and functions of communication within organisations. This paper proposes the introduction of a much more systematic methodology for the study of such communication, based upon what is known as the 'communication audit' approach. This approach is fully explained and the main methods employed in communication audits outlined, together with their relative advantages and disadvantages. It is also pointed out that audits are now widely employed to measure performance in other spheres of the organisation, such as finance, and it is argued that the implementation of this system to measure communication performance is therefore long overdue. The benefits for organisations of carrying out audits are highlighted and suggestions are made about possible future directions for research in this area.
Communication↗
Communication patterns of youth with mental retardation with and without their speech-output communication devices.
The communication skills of 13 youth with moderate or severe mental retardation were compared while they communicated with a "standard partner" with and without access to their communication devices. When participants employed the communication device, they were able to convey more appropriate information as well as clearer and more specific information to an unfamiliar adult partner than they were able to convey without the device. These findings highlight the distinct contributions the participants' use of an augmented communication device make to the overall communicative interaction.
Adolescent↗
Communications for a picture archiving communications system with a parallel operating image data base.
In cooperation with BAZIS (Support Group Hospital Information Systems at Leiden, The Netherlands), we started the design of a Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS) a few years ago that contains a centralized image data base. By means of system modeling and measuring some performance parameters, we have discovered that such a system cannot provide the required response times. This is mainly because of equipment communications interfaces that are not fast enough and have a throughput that does not generally exceed 16 Mbits/second. By providing a parallel operating image buffer system, the problems related to the limited speed of the communication interfaces can be overcome. Moreover, by splitting the network into a number of subnets connected to each other by means of "bridges," the communications load can be locally reduced, improving in this manner the response times. Our PACS contains a supervisor and one relational data base that relates patient data with image locations. A significant part of the report is concerned with the design of the high speed American College of Radiology-National Electronic Manufacturing Association transmission control protocol/internet protocol (ACR-NEMA TCP/IP) communications interface. The use of such an interface eliminates the need for a Network Interface Unit, reducing in this manner communication delays and complexity. We have developed and have in operation for experimental purposes a small-scale PACS, consisting of a number of workstations, a relational data base and image buffers, all connected to a network that uses the ACR-NEMA TCP/IP protocols. This experimental PACS is used to provide input data to a PACS performance model, to validate this model, and to investigate alternative system configurations.
Computer Communication Networks↗