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PubMed1995

The distribution of CD10 (NEP 24.11, CALLA) in humans and mice is similar in non-lymphoid organs but differs within the hematopoietic system: absence on murine T and B lymphoid progenitors.

Prior studies in the human have implied an important function for CD10 (CALLA, neutral endopeptidase 24.11) in early lymphoid development. To examine the role of this ectoenzyme in an experimental system, a rat mAb specific for mouse CD10, termed R103, was generated. Immunohistological and flow cytometric analyses indicate that the distribution of CD10 in non-lymphoid anatomical compartments is virtually identical in human and mouse. However, CD10 expression within the hematopoietic system is strikingly different. In contrast to human spleen, lymph node and thymus, the corresponding mouse organs contain no detectable CD10+ cells. Mouse granulocytes, unlike human granulocytes, also lack CD10 expression. Five-color flow cytometric studies of adult bone marrow (BM) from C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice with mAb specific for CD43, B220, HSA, BP-1 and immunoglobulin M fail to detect any significant number of CD10+ cells at pro-B, pre-B or B cell stages. In addition, lymphoid cells in both (rIL-7) independent and rIL-7-dependent in vitro pro-B cell cultures lack CD10 expression. Consistent with this result, CD10 mRNA is not detected. Unlike the AA4.1+ population from day 13 and 14 fetal liver, the CD10+ subset is unable to reconstitute T and B lymphoid compartments in RAG-2-/- mice. Nevertheless, mouse CD10 is readily found on BM stromal elements known to support early B lineage lymphoid development. Given the common expression of CD10 on human and mouse BM stromal elements, this enzyme may have an important function in the stromal cell-dependent phase of hematopoiesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Flow cytometry using the monoclonal antibody CD10-Pe/Cy5 is a useful tool to identify follicular lymphoma cells.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a specific entity defined by characteristic histology, phenotype and molecular rearrangements. Classically, reactivity for CD19, CD10, and strong positivity for the surface light chain immunoglobulin (SIg) are considered to be phenotypic signs typically expressed in FL. In practice, this pattern is difficult to identify since most neoplastic cells analysed by flow cytometry (FC) show weak intensity for CD19-Pe/Cy5 and for SIg and negativity for CD10-FITC. We used triple antigen combinations including two monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against CD10 (CD10-FITC and CD10-Pe/Cy5) and a long-distance polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach to establish the phenotypic pattern of neoplastic cells carrying t(14;18)(q32;q21). Neoplastic cells showed the following immunophenotype: stronger reactivity against CD20 than against CD19, positivity for CD22 and SIg and negativity for CD5, CD11c and CD10-FITC. Characteristically, CD10-Pe/Cy5 was expressed in all the samples with positive bcl-2/JH rearrangements. In FL, there was a high correlation between histologic diagnosis and reactivity against CD10-Pe/Cy5 (96% cases). In diffuse large cell lymphomas (DLCL), CD10-Pe/Cy5 identified positive cases with t(14;18)(q32;q21) chromosomal translocation, whereas Burkitt lymphomas showed all cases reactivity against CD10-Pe/Cy5. In conclusion, CD10-Pe/Cy5 is a useful antibody for identifying neoplastic cells carrying t(14;18)(q32;q21) in FL and DLCL. In combination with other MoAbs, anti-CD10 (HI10a, Cy-Chrome) can be used to identify a characteristic phenotypic profile of FL against other lymphoproliferative disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

CD10 expression in peripheral T-cell lymphomas complicated by a proliferation of large B-cells.

CD10 expression by the neoplastic T cells in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma was recently described. As cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified, fail to show similar CD10 expression, this feature helps discriminate between these two entities, particularly in cases exhibiting morphologic overlap. Given these findings, we studied CD10 expression in a subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphoma known as peripheral T-cell lymphoma complicated by a proliferation of large B cells and compared it with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with a large B-cell proliferation. A total of 33 cases were identified including peripheral T-cell lymphoma complicated by a proliferation of large B cells (10), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (10) and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with a large B-cell proliferation (13). Diagnoses were established by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, immunohistochemistry and/or molecular findings (polymerase chain reaction for T-cell receptor-gamma gene rearrangement). Two of 10 cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma complicated by a proliferation of large B cells showed aberrant CD10 expression (20%) compared to 9/10 cases of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (90%) and 8/13 of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with a large B-cell proliferation (62%). One case each of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with a large B-cell proliferation showed a rare, but not unequivocal, CD10+ atypical cell. Four cases of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with a large B-cell proliferation were CD10 negative. Of the 2 CD10+ peripheral T-cell lymphoma complicated by a proliferation of large B cells, one had no H&E or IHC features of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and showed only a rare positive cell. The second case, a lung biopsy, exhibited diffuse CD10 tumor cell positivity. The predominant staining pattern in the CD10+ cases was characterized by scattered, mostly individual, morphologically neoplastic cells. A rare case showed clusters of positive cells. Our data indicate that only 20% of cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma complicated by a proliferation of large B cells show CD10 expression by the neoplastic T cells in contrast to angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with a large B-cell proliferation which exhibit CD10 staining in 90 and 62% of cases, respectively. This finding does not reach statistical significance with a P-value of 0.57 (Fisher's exact test). As these entities appear to be biologically distinct and may portend different overall survivals, CD10 expression may serve as an additional discriminating criterion.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

CD10 is a marker for normal and neoplastic endometrial stromal cells.

Using the immunohistochemical technique, we investigated the expression of CD10 in normal female genital tissues, chorionic villi and decidua of early gestation, endometriotic lesions, and uterine mesenchymal tumors. The cytoplasm of normal endometrial stromal cells was consistently positive for CD10. During early gestation, decidualized endometrial stromal cells were negative or only focally positive for CD10, whereas nondecidualized stromal cells were diffusely positive. Syncytiotrophoblast was positive for CD10 on the apical surface, whereas chorionic mesenchymal cells were diffusely positive within the cytoplasm. Cytotrophoblast and intermediate trophoblast were negative for CD10. Groups of stromal cells surrounding cervical glands were often positive for CD10. Myometrium, endometrial and cervical glands, cervical squamous epithelia, and tubal epithelia and stroma exhibited no reactivity for CD10. In endometriosis and adenomyosis, ectopic endometrial stromal cells were usually positive for CD10. Endometrial stromal tumors, including undifferentiated uterine sarcomas, mostly showed diffuse immunoreactivity for CD10. Leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas were negative or focally (< 5% of cells staining) positive (8/12 leiomyomas and 4/8 leiomyosarcomas) for CD10, except for 1 myxoid leiomyosarcoma that showed CD10 staining in the myxoid areas. These data suggest that diffuse CD10 staining is characteristic of normal and neoplastic endometrial stromal cells, unless they are decidualized.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2001

The clinical significance of CD10 antigen expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

The clinical significance and prognostic value of CD10 in de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is largely unknown. We retrospectively studied 19 men and 9 women based on the following criteria: (1) DLBCL with no evidence of concomitant or antecedent follicular lymphoma; (2) available flow cytometric immunophenotyping data, including CD10 status; (3) older than 15 years; (4) specific exclusion of high-grade, Burkitt-like lymphoma; and (5) exclusion of primary cutaneous DLBCL. When available, clinical data at diagnosis, including components of the international prognostic index, were reviewed. Eleven cases were CD10+, and 17 were CD10-. There was no significant difference between the CD10+ and CD10- groups in age, sex, stage, performance status, extranodal involvement, or serum lactate dehydrogenase levels at diagnosis. However, in the 26 cases for which follow-up data were available, the CD10+ group displayed a shorter overall survival than the CD10- group (8 vs 30 months). Although the clinical findings at diagnosis are similar in CD10+ and CD10- DLBCL, CD10 expression is associated with shortened overall survival. Therefore, our data suggest CD10 expression may have prognostic importance in adults with de novo DLBCL.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

CD10 antigen expression correlates with the t(14;18)(q32;q21) major breakpoint region in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common morphologic term for a biologically diverse group of lymphomas. The chromosome translocation, t(14;18)(q32;q21), and its associated bcl-2 gene rearrangement are generally associated with follicular lymphomas. Some investigators, however, proposed that the presence of the t(14;18) in DLBCL suggests a possible follicle center cell origin and might correlate with a higher relapse rate after therapy. The CD10 antigen is expressed in a majority of follicular lymphomas but is also seen occasionally in DLBCLs. In this study, we examined 26 DLBCLs for CD10 expression by flow cytometric analysis and tested them for the t(14;18)(q32;q21) major breakpoint region by a polymerase chain reaction-based method. bcl-2 protein expression was analyzed by an immunoperoxidase method. Of the 26 DLBCLs, 9 (35%) were CD10 positive. bcl-2 protein was expressed in 7 (78%) of 9 CD10-positive cases and in 9 (53%) of 17 CD10-negative cases (P = .4). The t(14; 18) translocation was present in 6 (67%) of 9 CD10-positive cases but in only 2 (17%) of 12 CD10-negative cases (P = .03). Five cases did not yield amplifiable DNA for analysis. In summary, no difference in bcl-2 protein expression was seen in CD10-positive versus CD10-negative DLBCLs, but CD10-positive DLBCLs were significantly more likely than CD10-negative DLBCLs to harbor the t(14;18) translocation. This suggests that CD10 might be a marker of follicle center cell origin in DLBCL.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Expression of CD10 by human T cells that undergo apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.

This study shows that human postthymic T cells express CD10 when undergoing apoptosis, irrespective of the signal responsible for initiating the apoptotic process. Cells from continuous T-cell lines did not normally express CD10, but became CD10(+) when induced into apoptosis by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and exposure to CD95 monoclonal antibody, etoposide, or staurosporin. Inhibitors of caspases blocked apoptosis and CD10 expression. Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells purified from normal peripheral blood expressed CD10 on apoptotic induction. CD10 was newly synthesized by the apoptosing cells because its expression was inhibited by exposure to cycloheximide and CD10 mRNA became detectable by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in T cells cultured under conditions favoring apoptosis. To show CD10 on T cells apoptosing in vivo, lymph node and peripheral blood T cells from HIV(+) subjects were used. These suspensions were composed of a substantial, although variable, proportion of apoptosing T cells that consistently expressed CD10. In contrast, CD10(+) as well as spontaneously apoptosing T cells were virtually absent in peripheral blood from normal individuals. Collectively, these observations indicate that CD10 may represent a reliable marker for identifying and isolating apoptosing T cells in vitro and ex vivo and possibly suggest novel functions for surface CD10 in the apoptotic process of lymphoid cells.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2002

Availability of CD10 immunohistochemistry as a marker of breast myoepithelial cells on paraffin sections.

CD10, also called common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA), was recently found to be expressed in nonhematopoietic tissues. Although CD10 was also identified in human breast myoepithelial cells, its availability of immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections has not been examined so far. In the present study, we demonstrated CD10 immunohistochemically on paraffin sections of both normal and pathological breast tissues, comparing its staining patterns to those of smooth muscle actin (SMA), which is now commonly used to highlight myoepithelium. CD10 was consistently positive in normal breast myoepithelial cells. CD10 also clearly highlighted myoepithelial cells in intraductal papilloma, adenosis, ductal hyperplasia, fibroadenoma, and phyllodes tumor as well as SMA did. In atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ, continuous, discontinuous, and totally negative stainings of both CD10 and SMA were noted, depending on foci of neoplastic cell nests. However, both stainings clearly demonstrated myoepithelial cells of cancerized acini, being useful in differentiating lobular cancerization from microinvasion. Because SMA was also positive in normal vessels and spindle-shaped stromal cells, CD10, which was negative in vessels, was useful in differentiating myoepithelial cells from thin vascular wall in intracystic lesions with delicate papillae. Although background staining of spindle-shaped stromal cells was also noted in CD10, the positive cell number was less, and the signal was weaker than that of SMA. The absence of myoepithelial cells in invasive ductal carcinomas was more clearly highlighted by CD10 than SMA. We concluded that CD10 could be another useful marker of breast myoepithelial cells on paraffin sections. Combination of CD10 and SMA will provide more sophisticated information about presence or absence of myoepithelial cells in confusing breast lesions.

Actins↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of multiparameter flow cytometry with cluster analysis and immunohistochemistry for the detection of CD10 in diffuse large B-Cell lymphomas.

CD10 is a critical antigen for the distinction of follicle-center lymphoma from other B-cell lymphomas composed of small cells in fine-needle aspiration specimens, tissue core biopsies, and bone marrow. In addition, CD10 is expressed in a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), where it may be an adverse prognostic indicator. We have previously demonstrated that CD10 expression detected by multiparameter flow cytometry (FC) with cluster analysis is highly sensitive and specific for follicle-center lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of small B-cell lymphomas. In this study, we assessed the utility of paraffin section immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD10 compared with FC in a cohort of 50 DLBCLs. IHC for CD10 was technically successful in 47 of the 50 (94%) DLBCLs; 3 failed based on lack of internal CD10 reactivity. CD10 was expressed by FC in 20 of 47 DLBCLs (43%); CD10 was positive by IHC in 15 of these (75%). All 27 cases that were CD10(-) by FC were negative by IHC. The level of CD10 expression by FC in the 5 FC(+)/IHC(-) cases ranged from relatively dim to bright. Our results indicate 75% sensitivity and 100% specificity of CD10 expression by IHC compared with multiparameter FC with cluster analysis and a 6% technical failure rate.

Cluster Analysis↗
PubMed2002

Expression of CD10 by stromal cells during colorectal tumor development.

CD10 is a cell surface metalloprotease expressed by a variety of normal cell types, including lymphoid precursor cells, germinal center B lymphocytes, and some epithelial cells. We noticed that stromal cells of some cancers are positive for CD10. In this study, we investigated the role of CD10 produced by the stromal cells of colorectal neoplasms in the progression of colorectal neoplasms. Immunohistochemical examination of CD10 and p53 was performed in 169 colorectal epithelial neoplasms representing various stages of carcinogenesis. The results were correlated with the morphologic characteristics of the neoplasms. There was no expression of CD10 in the stromal cells of normal colorectal tissue. CD10-positive stromal cells were present adjacent to the tumor cells in 16 of 73 adenomas with mild or moderate dysplasia. More frequent expression of CD10 by the stromal cells was detected in adenomas with severe dysplasia (12 of 17), intramucosal carcinomas (10 of 16), and invasive carcinomas (50 of 63) than in adenomas with mild or moderate dysplasia (P < 0.0001). Expression of CD10 by > 10% of the stromal cells was detected only within the area of the invasive growth front of invasive carcinomas, not in adenomas and in only 1 of the intramucosal carcinomas. The difference between invasive and non invasive tumors was significant (P < 0.0001). The stromal expression of CD10 was significantly associated with the accumulation of p53 and a larger tumor size. These results indicate that CD10 expression is an integral part of colorectal carcinogenesis. CD10 expression seems to contribute to the invasion and thus probably facilitates metastasis.

Actins↗
PubMed2003

CD10 imunostaining does not distinguish endometrial carcinoma invading myometrium from carcinoma involving adenomyosis.

The distinction of involvement of adenomyosis by endometrial carcinoma from endometrial carcinoma invading the myometrium can at times be difficult. This distinction, however, is important from the standpoint of staging, treatment, and prognosis because the outcome of carcinoma invading the myometrium as compared with involving adenomyosis is significantly worse. CD10 has been recently reported to be expressed by normal and neoplastic endometrial stromal cells. We therefore hypothesized that CD10 may be helpful in distinguishing carcinoma within adenomyosis from endometrial carcinoma directly invading the myometrium. Twenty-two cases of invasive endometrioid adenocarcinoma were identified from the surgical pathology files of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and consultation files of one of the authors (R.J.K.) and immunostained for CD10, desmin, and caldesmon. The pattern of staining was compared with five cases in which carcinoma was confined to adenomyosis. As a control, 14 cases of adenomyosis unassociated with carcinoma were included in the analysis. All 22 endometrial carcinomas that invaded the myometrium expressed CD10 to some extent in cells immediately surrounding the neoplastic glands. In 18, all of the invasive nests displayed CD10 in surrounding cells, but in four cases the staining was patchier, involving the surrounding cells of approximately 50-75% of the invasive nests. In four cases of myoinvasive carcinoma, the CD10-positive cells surrounding the nests of invasive carcinoma were also positive for desmin and caldesmon. In the remaining 18 cases with myoinvasive carcinoma, the cells surrounding the carcinomas failed to react with desmin and caldesmon. All five endometrial carcinomas involving adenomyosis displayed CD10 positivity in what appeared to be endometrial stromal cells surrounding the neoplastic glands. The stromal cells were negative for desmin and caldesmon. The control cases of adenomyosis were all positive for CD10, although in four cases the staining was patchy compared with 10 cases in which it was diffuse. Desmin and caldesmon were negative in all of these cases. Although CD10 identifies endometrial stromal cells in the endometrium and in adenomyosis and endometriosis, this study demonstrates that CD10 does not aid in distinguishing myometrial invasion of endometrial carcinoma from involvement of adenomyosis by endometrial carcinoma because the cells surrounding the tumor in the myoinvasive group express CD10.

Calmodulin-Binding Proteins↗
PubMed1993

Clinical significance of CD10 expression in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

The independent significance of CD10 expression in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is uncertain because most studies have not adjusted for other risk features, such as age and immunophenotype, or for treatment effects. We reassessed the clinical importance of CD10 expression in patients who received highly effective contemporary treatment. CD10 antigen was detected in blast cells from 384 of 408 patients (94%) with B-lineage ALL and 36 of 90 (40%) with T-cell ALL. In the B-lineage subgroup, CD10 expression was associated with favorable presenting features: age > or = 1 year, lower leukocyte count (< 50 x 10(9)/l), and leukemic cell DNA index > or = 1.16 or hyperdiploidy > 50 chromosomes. One-half of the patients with CD10- B-lineage ALL had 11q23 chromosomal abnormalities. Separate analysis of the marker in T-cell ALL revealed no differences between CD10+ and CD10- cases in clinical features or karyotypic patterns, with the exception of a lower frequency of central nervous system leukemia and a higher frequency of 9p abnormalities in the former subgroup. CD10+ T-cell cases were also significantly more likely than CD10- cases to coexpress CD21, CD1, CD4, or CD8. Lack of CD10 expression was independently associated with an adverse prognosis in T-cell ALL (p = 0.02). However, for the larger subgroup of patients with B-lineage ALL, CD10 expression has no independent prognostic significance.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗
PubMed1994

Leukemia-associated changes identified by quantitative flow cytometry: I. CD10 expression.

We have compared CD10 antigen expression in normal fetal bone marrow with that of B-linage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Both quantitative indirect immunofluoresence (QIFI) and direct immunofluorescence (IF) tests with Quantum beads were used to convert median fluorescence intensity (MFI) values into numbers of antigen molecules expressed per cell (AgE). Lymphoid precursors in the fetal marrow and liver expressed 3-12.5 x 10(3) CD10 molecules/cell with an upper limit of 5 x 10(4)/cell (MaxAgE). The median CD10 AgE in the different cases of acute B-lineage ALL were variable and ranged from undetectable to very high values (> 1.8 x 10(5). In 24 of the 72 cases (33%) tested with QIFI the median CD10 AgE was above the highest values seen in normal samples (> 5 x 10(4)/cell). An additional 23.6% of cases had higher median values than the normal median CD10 AgE. Next, CD10 antigen was quantitated in 78 cases during the routine multiparameter analysis of B-lineage leukemia using CD10/class II/CD34 3-color IF test or CD10/TdT 2-color IF test. The aberrant overexpression was confirmed in 43.6% of ALL cases. The CD10bright display suggested ALL diagnosis even when few cells were available for study, e.g., in early relapse and in ALL masquerading as aplastic anemia. The levels of CD10 expression were maintained in relapse. In addition, different CD10 levels were associated with the various chromosomal alterations: high CD10 levels (> 3 x 10(4)/cell) with hyperdiploidy, low CD10 levels (1.8-4 x 10(3)/cell) with the t(1;19) and undetectable levels (< 1.2 x 10(3)/cell) with the t(4;11) translocations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2003

The pattern of CD10 expression in selected pathologic entities of the prostate gland.

There is increasing evidence that neuropeptides, including bombesin, may influence growth, angiogenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis in prostate cancer. One of the molecules tightly involved in the regulation of neuropeptide activity is the integral membrane glycoprotein CD10, or neutral endopeptidase 24.11. The pattern of CD10 expression in hyperplastic and neoplastic conditions of the prostate gland has not been previously described. Immunohistochemical staining for CD10 and high-molecular-weight cytokeratin was performed on 92 cases of paraffin-embedded tissue from needle-core biopsy specimens and prostatectomy specimens. Normal and hyperplastic acini showed strong and distinct membrane (apical and intercellular) and cytoplasmic CD10 expression in basal and secretory cells. In contrast, no intercellular membrane or cytoplasmic staining of secretory cells was seen in any cases of adenocarcinoma with Gleason patterns 2 or 3. A subset of high-Gleason grade adenocarcinoma (patterns 4 and 5) displayed CD10 expression in the secretory cells; those cases shared a distinct morphological pattern. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) showed consistent absence of intercellular membrane and cytoplasmic CD10 expression in the secretory cells, with preserved expression in basal cells. Interestingly, the basal cells in basal cell hyperplasia lacked CD10 expression, and no expression was noted in the secretory cells in all cases examined. Atrophic acini and those associated with acute and chronic inflammation retained CD10 expression. In conclusion, a consistent differential pattern of CD10 expression was seen in basal cell hyperplasia, PIN, and adenocarcinoma, suggesting a role for CD10 in the pathobiology of the prostate gland.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Stromal CD10 expression in invasive breast carcinoma correlates with poor prognosis, estrogen receptor negativity, and high grade.

CD10 is a zinc-dependent peptidase (metalloproteinase), which degrades a variety of bioactive peptides. Earlier studies suggested that CD10 expression in tumor stroma is associated with biological aggressiveness of the tumor. To date, only one study has addressed the clinical significance of stromal CD10 expression in invasive carcinoma of the breast. The aim of this confirmatory study is to evaluate stromal CD10 expression in breast carcinoma and to examine associations between CD10, clinicopathological variables, and patient outcome. Tissue microarrays, containing 438 cases of invasive breast carcinoma and 15 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ with 15 years median follow-up time, were assembled. CD10 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and scored as negative, weak and strong. Nonparametric correlational tests, univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed. Stromal CD10 was preferentially expressed in invasive compared to noninvasive breast cancers (P=0.003). There were correlations between stromal CD10 expression and higher tumor grade (P=0.01) and estrogen receptor (ER) negative status (P=0.002). There was no correlation between CD10 and lymph node status, tumor size, histological subtype, progesterone receptors, and Her2 status. Stromal CD 10 expression was associated with decreased long-term disease-specific and overall survival in the entire cohort (P<0.01), and in lymph node negative (P<0.05), but not lymph node positive subset of patients. It approached prognostic significance in multivariate analysis (P=0.06) when lymph node status, tumor size, ER and Her2 were considered in the same model; and was associated with a relative risk of death of 2.8, compared to relative risk of 2.4 for lymph node positive status. Thus, stromal CD10 expression in invasive carcinoma of the breast is associated with ER negativity, higher tumor grade and decreased survival and constitutes a potential prognostic marker and a target for development of novel therapies.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Immunostaining patterns of myoepithelial cells in breast lesions: a comparison of CD10 and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported CD10 expression in myoepithelial cells (MEC) of the breast, supporting its use as a marker to help distinguish invasive breast carcinoma (IC) from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). AIM: To compare the effectiveness of CD10 with smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC) in the detection of MEC in benign and malignant breast lesions. METHODS: Histological material from 25 patients with DCIS and 21 with IC were immunostained for CD10 and SMMHC. Staining was scored on a scale of 0 to 3+ (0, no staining; 3+, intense) and the staining distribution was documented as focal, partial, or circumferential. RESULTS: Uniform, 3+ circumferential CD10 and SMMHC staining of MEC was seen in normal breast ducts and lobules, and in ducts and acini involved in sclerosing adenosis and apocrine metaplasia. In an analysis of total ducts involved by DCIS, 3+ circumferential staining was seen in 65 of 366 ducts (17.7%) stained for CD10 versus 190 of 396 ducts (48%) stained for SMMHC. MEC were not detected immunohistochemically in 116 of 366 ducts (31.7%) with anti-CD10 and 50 of 396 (12.7%) with anti-SMMHC. In contrast, all ICs were negative for both CD10 and SMMHC. Focal background staining of stromal myofibroblasts was seen with both CD10 and SMMHC, but CD10 showed a higher rate of non-specific staining of epithelial cells. CONCLUSION: Although CD10 can aid in the distinction between IC and DCIS, SMMHC is a more sensitive and specific marker of MEC and shows less heterogeneity of immunostaining patterns.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Mixed lineage leukemia-rearranged childhood pro-B and CD10-negative pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia constitute a distinct clinical entity.

PURPOSE: Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) abnormalities occur in approximately 50% of childhood pro-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the incidence and type of MLL rearrangements have not been determined in common ALL (cALL) and CD10+ or CD10- pre-B ALL. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: To address this question, we analyzed 29 patients with pro-B ALL, 11 patients with CD10- pre-B ALL, 23 pre-B, and 26 cALL patients with CD10 on 20% to 80%, as well as 136 pre-B and 143 cALL patients with CD10 > or = 80% of blasts. They were all enrolled in four Austrian ALL multicenter trials. Conventional cytogenetics were done to detect 11q23 abnormalities and in parallel the potential involvement of the MLL gene was evaluated with a split apart fluorescence in situ hybridization probe set. RESULTS: We found that 15 of 29 pro-B ALL, 7 of 11 CD10- pre-B ALL, and 1 of 2 French-American-British classification L1 mature B-cell leukemia cases had a MLL rearrangement. However, no 11q23/MLL translocation was identified among the CD10+ pre-B and cALL patients. MLL-rearranged pro-B and CD10- pre-B ALL cases had similar clinical and immunophenotypic (coexpression of CDw65 and CD15) features at initial diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The striking similarities between the two CD10- ALL subsets imply that CD10- pre-B ALL variants may represent pro-B ALL cases that maintained the propensity to rearrange and express their immunoglobulin heavy chain rather than actual pre-B ALL forms transformed at this later stage of B-cell differentiation. However, direct experimental data are needed to confirm this observation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Immunohistochemical detection of CD10 in paraffin sections of hematopoietic neoplasms: a comparison with flow cytometry detection in 56 cases.

Paraffin-section immunohistochemistry with heat-induced epitope retrieval using a newly characterized monoclonal antibody (clone 56C6) against the CD10 antigen was performed on 56 hematopoietic tumors previously studied for CD10 expression by flow cytometry. The cases included 33 precursor B-lymphoblastic leukemias, 10 acute myeloid leukemias, five precursor T-lymphoblastic leukemias, five follicular lymphomas, and three Burkitt cell leukemias. Forty of the 56 cases were CD10 positive by flow cytometry studies, including all five follicular lymphomas (100%); 30 of 33 (91%) cases of precursor B-lymphoblastic leukemias, two of three (66%) cases of Burkitt cell leukemias, two of five (40%) cases of precursor T-lymphoblastic leukemias, and none of the 10 cases of acute myeloid leukemia. Thirty-nine of the 40 (97%) flow cytometric CD10-positive cases also expressed CD10 by immunohistochemistry in formalin- or B5-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, with only one case of precursor B-lymphoblastic leukemia being positive by flow cytometry and negative by immunohistochemistry. The 16 CD10-negative flow cytometry specimens were all also negative by immunohistochemistry. Thirty-seven CD10 immunohistochemistry positive cases showed a diffuse membranous staining pattern and two cases demonstrated a Golgi staining pattern. The fixation methods (10% neutral buffered formalin versus B5) and decalcification did not affect the CD10 immunostaining results. This study demonstrates that the new CD10 monoclonal antibody clone 56C6 is a reliable marker for detection of CD10 antigen expression in formalin-and B5-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue after heat-induced epitope retrieval when compared with flow cytometry detection of fresh tissue samples.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗